Objective To observe neutrophil activation and protease imbalance in airway of children after foreign-body aspiration(FBA).Methods Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) was obtained through fiberoptic bronchoscopy.The supernatant was assayed for the concentration of neutrophil elastase(NE) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and elastase inhibition capacity(EIC)/free elastase activity using a colorimetric assay.The cell pellet were smeared for the expression of ?1-antitrypsin(?1-AT) using cellular immunohisto-chemistry and cytologic analysis by Wright-Giemsa stain.Results Percentage of neutrophil,concentration of NE and the expression of ?1-AT in BLAF group,pair group and pneumonia group significantly increased compared with that of control group(Pa0.05).The ratio of Lib NE in FBA,par and peumcria group was 30.3%,27.3% and 22.7%.Conclusions FBA induces similar airway neutrophil activation and protease imbalance to bacterial pneumonia.The contralateral airway showes the same change as the foreign body side.

The experience in the orthopedic teaching of the interns of medical science of law was explored.The features of the students of the medical science of law were analyzed.And related teaching project was established during the progress of orthopedic practice.Our experience emphasized on the knowledge teaching of medical ethics and medical disputes.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) screening method for 45 poisonous alkaloids in blood. METHODS: Identification was based on the compound's retention time and two precursor-to-production transitions. The method involved a liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) followed by LC-MS/MS with multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM). When 1 mL of blood was extracted with diethyl ether at pH = 9.2 with SKF525A as the internal standard, the target compounds were analyzed with LC-MS/MS in the positive ionization mode. RESULTS: The target alkaloids had good linearity (r>0.995 1), both the intra-day precision and inter-day precision being less than 14.77%. The limits of detection ranged from 0.05 to 25 ng/mL in blood. CONCLUSION The method is selective and sensitive in detecting poisonous alkaloids with a total running time of 12 minutes; therefore it was successfully applied to some actual cases of suspected alkaloids poisoning.
Alkaloids/chemistry* ; Chromatography, Liquid/methods* ; Forensic Medicine ; Humans ; Liquid-Liquid Extraction ; Mass Spectrometry ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods*

Objective To explore the effects of rosiglitazone on the expression of TNF-? in visceral adipose tissue of insulin-resistant rats induced by high-glucose diet. Methods Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed with high-glucose diet for 6 months to reproduce the non-obesity insulin-resistant rat model (abbreviated as IR rats). The model rats were then randomized into insulin resistan (IR) group and rosiglitazone (ROS) group (10 each). Ten rats fed with normal diet were enrolled as controls (CN group). Rats in ROS group were administered with 10?mol/(kg?d) of rosiglitazone for 6 weeks from the 7th week of experiment,and those in CN and IR groups were administered with same amount of distilled water. At the 6th and 12th week,the systolic pressure,body weight,and biochemical parameters (fasting and 2-hour post-glucose load plasma glucose,insulin,free fatty acid,triglyceride,high density lipoprotein cholesterol) were measured,and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated. At the end of the 12th week,the visceral adipose tissue was collected to calculate the ratio of visceral fat to body weight (VF/BW),and to determine the protein and mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) with inmmunohistochemical assay and RT-PCR. Results As compared with CN group,the systolic pressure,HOMA-IR,plasma insulin,triglyceride and free fatty acid increased,whereas high density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased (P0.05). Inmmunohistochemical examination showed positive expression of TNF-? in intercellular substance,but not in visceral adipocytes. The expressions of TNF-? protein and mRNA in visceral adipose tissue were dramatically higher in IR group than in CN and ROS groups (P0.05). Conclusion Rosiglitazone may significantly abate insulin resistance,reduce the abnormality of plasma lipid and blood pressure,and inhibit the over expression of TNF-? in visceral adipose tissue in the non-obesity insulin-resistant rats induced by high-glucose diet.

Objective To explore the executive function in clinical subtypes of attention deficit hyperac?tivity disorder( ADHD) . Methods 19 children with ADHD/ inattentive type( ADHD?I) ,13children with ADHD/hyperactive?impulsive( ADHD?HI) 33 children with ADHD/combined type ( ADHD?C ) and 30 normal children were tested by Stroop test ( included Stroop C and Stroop CW) ,modified Wisconsin card sorting test( M?WCST) , tower of Hanoi,digital span and verbal fluency. Results The scores of Stroop C and Stroop CW,digit inverse reci?ting,tower of Hanoi and WCST in the children with ADHD were worse than those in normal control((104.8±4.0), (105.9±4.2),(104.8±3.7),(104.8±4.0), P<0.05;(84.0±9.2),(84.8±7.9),(78.2±7.8),(92.2±7.1), P<0.01;(4.0±1.8),(3.7±1.2),(3.8±1.5),(5.1±1.6), P<0.01;(3.0±1.0),(3.3±1.0),(2.7±1.3),(3.8±1.3), P<0.01;(4.1±1.6),(4.2±1.9),(4.3±2.1),(5.4±1.7), P<0.05;(6.6±3.2),(6.7±2.4),(8.0±2.9),(5.3± 2.4), P<0.01;(10.2±2.8),(11.1±3.8),(12.3±4.0),(9.4±3.2), P<0.05). The scores of Stroop CW in the chil?dren with ADHD?C were worse than those in other two subtypes(P<0.01). Conclusion The executive functions of the chil?dren with ADHD are impaired,including poor response inhibition,working memory,planning and cognitive flexibility. The dysfunction of response inhibition is possible an index to discriminate the subtypes of ADHD.

Objective: To investigate the potential role of me latonin in the adrenal cortex of human embryo. Methods:Specifi c melatonin receptors was localized and characterized in the adrenal cortex of h u man embryo by means of immunohistochemistry. Results: mt1 （Me l1a）and MT2 （Mel1b）subtype of melatonin receptors was principally localize d to cytoplasm in zona glomerulosa， fasciculata and reticularis. Conclu sion: It is possible that mt1 and MT2 subtype of melatonin receptors co-exist in the adrenal cortex of human embryo.

Objective To develop a diabetes risk score (DRS)to predict the risk of development of incident diabetes in male senile people in Beijing. Methods DRS was developed basing on a test group including a cohort of 1 370 individuals aged 48-87 years without diabetes at baseline, followed for 10 years by Logistic regression and validated on a value group including a cohort of 340 individuals aged 43-88 years without diabetes at baseline. Results The model with the highest area under the ROC curve ( AUC ) included age, hypertension,history of hyperglycemia, body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, and high-density lipoproteincholesterol (HDL-C). DRS was developed basing on this model with a range from 0 to 12 and an optimal cut-off of 4. AUC were respectively 0. 726 ( 95% CI0. 692-0. 759 ) and 0. 765 ( 95% CI0. 691-0. 839 ) in test group and validation group. The sum score value ≥4 had sensitivity of 65.3% and 68. 1%, specificity of 70. 0% and 64.8%, positive predictive value of 37.0% and 23.2%, negative predictive value of 88.2% and 94. 1%.Conclusion The DRS, derived from clinical information combined with plasma glucose and lipids, is an effective tool to predict incident diabetes.

Objective To evaluate the rationale of lowering the cutoff value of impaired fasting glucose(IFG)by studying the extent and severity of angiographic coronary artery disease(CAD)and the cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with different fasting plasma glucose(FPG)levels. Methods A total of 911 consecutive patients who had undergone coronary angiography were selected according to inclusion criteria. The subjects were studied in view of the extent and severity of angiographic CAD and the cardiovascular risk factors with different FPG levels. Results (1) Compared with the group of FPG<5.6mmol/L, the numbers of diseased vessels in the group with FPG 5.6-6.0mmol/L were significantly increased(P<0.05)after adjustment of age, sex and other influencing factors; the group with FPG 6.1-6.9mmol/L had both raised number of diseased vessels and the CAD Gensini cumulative index(P<0.01). (2) The prevalences of overweight, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, metabolic syndrome were progressively increasing with graded FPG levels. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia was significantly increased with FPG level at 5.0-5.6mmol/L(P<0.05),and the prevalences of metabolic syndrome and other components were significantly elevated with FPG level at 5.6-6.0mmol/L(P<0.05). Conclusion (1) The extent and severity of angiographic CAD were increased with increased FPG even in prediabetic period. The risk of angiographic CAD became increased significantly with FPG at 5.6-6.0mmol/L level. (2) The cardiovascular disease(CVD)risk was also increased with increasing FPG even in prediabetic period. The phenomenon of clustering of CVD risk factors was found at FPG 5.6mmol/L.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and toxicity of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with nedaplatin versus cisplatin for patients with middle-advanced stage uterine cervical carcinoma.Methods 180 patients with middle-advanced stage uterine cervical carcinoma were randomized into concurrent chemoradiotherapy with nedaplatin group (nedaplatin group) and concurrent chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin group (cisplatin group).The short-term efficacy and the toxicity were observed.Results In the nedaplatin group,the short-term response rate、the one-year relapse-free surviva l、one-yea metastasis-free survival、the two-year relapse-free survival、the two-year metastasis-free survival were 98.85％、89.66、86.21％ 、85.06％ 和 80.46％,But in the cisplatin group,the short-term response rate 、the one-year relapse-free surviva l、one-yea metastasis-free survival、the twoyear relapse-free survival、the two-year metastasis-free survival were 97.60％ (x2 =3.07,P ＞ 0.05) 、81.93％(x2 =3.07,P ＞0.05) 、83.13％ (x2 =0.31,P ＞0.05) 、78.31％ (x2 =1.30,P ＞0.05) 和 80.72％ (x2 =0.00,P ＞ 0.05),so there was no significant difference.The incidences of nausea and vomiting in the cisplatin group were 52.27％ (grade Ⅰ ～ Ⅳ toxicities),12.50％ (grade Ⅲ ～ Ⅳ toxicities),which were higher than those in the nedaplatin group 27.27％ (grade Ⅱ ～ Ⅳ toxicities),6.82％ (grade Ⅲ ～ Ⅳ toxicities) (P ＜ 0.05),while there were no significant difference in the other toxicities such as anemia,granulocytopenia,thrombocytopenia,diarrhoea between the two groups (x2 =12.18,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with nedaplatin is the same as that of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin,and its toxicity is well-tolerated.

Objective To investigate the infiltration of dendritic cell (DC) in Vocal cord polyp, laryngeal leukopla-kia and glottic squamous cell carcinoma,and to observe laryngeal mucosal lesions of the state of the immune microenviron-ment, and to research significance of DC on the development of glottic squamous cell carcinoma. Methods The infiltration of S-100+and CD83+DC in 20 cases of Vocal cord polyp, 47 cases of laryngeal leukoplakia, 45 cases of glottic squamous cell carcinoma tumor and 20 cases of laryngeal normal mucosa were examined using immunohistochemistry. Results The num-ber of S-100+and CD83+DC were significantly higher in glottic squamous cell carcinoma, laryngeal leukoplakia and vocal cord polyp than that in laryngeal normal mucosa (P<0.05). The number of S-100+and CD83+DC were higher in laryngeal leukoplakia than that in glottic squamous cell carcinoma (P<0.05). The number of S-100+and CD83+DC in mild dysplasia and moderate dysplasia were less than that in severe atypical hyperplasia (P<0.01). In glottic squamous cell carcinoma, S-100+ and CD83+DC with poor-differentiated was significantly less than that with well-differentiated (P < 0.01). Conclu-sion Changes in the number of dendritic cell was found in vocal cord polyp, laryngeal leukoplakia and glottic squamous cell carcinoma, which indicated that there were an abnormal immune status. Changing of dendritic cell in laryngeal mucosa plays an important role in laryngeal cancer development.