Objective: To establish an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method for the simultaneous determination of 16 inorganic elements of Mume Fructus, and the elements were analyzed and evaluated. Methods: ICP-MS was used to determine the content of 16 inorganic elements in the samples after microwave digestion. Principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis were performed using SPSS21.0. Results: There were no differences in the types of inorganic elements in the samples of Mume Fructus, and the content of K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe and B was abundant in the 16 elements. Through principal component analysis, 27 batches of samples from the same origin were all clustered together, indicating that the difference of inorganic element content was related to the ecological environment of the origin, but the difference between varieties was not obvious. The characteristic elements of Mume Fructus were Cu, Zn, Ca, Mg, and the results showed that the scores of samples from Sichuan was the highest. Conclusion: This study established an accurate and efficient method for the analysis and evaluation of inorganic elements in Mume Fructus from different habitats, which provided a scientific reference for the breeding, safety evaluation, and comprehensive utilization of Mume Fructus resource.

Objective To understand the development situation of the purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) test ,the prevalence of tuberculosis(TB) among the school students in Guangxi and the related influence factors of strong positive result in order to provide the basis for establishing the physical examination system of student TB in Guangxi .Methods The PPD test was conducted in the students participating in the survey firstly ,then the students with strong positive PPD test results and the TB sus-picious symptoms and the suspected TB cases were performed chest X-ray and sputum smear examination .The related factors in the students with strong positive PPD test results and non-strong positive PPD test results were comparatively analyzed .Results To-tally ,53 217 students received the PPD test with the positive rate of 5 .74% (3 055 cases) and the strong positive rate of 1 .46%(775 cases) .The detection rate of active TB was 0 .03% (15 cases) .The χ2 test and the Logistic regression analysis showed that the age group and the regional distribution were the influence factors of strong positive PPD test result (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The preliminary screening by the PPD test and then conducting chest X-ray and sputum smear examination are the effective method for find TB in school and the TB clinic .At the same time the TB screening should be strengthened in the schools in high epidemic areas of TB ,especially the college students .

Objective To explore the changes of serum gastrin(GAS),plasma motilin(MTL) and somatostatin(SST) in critically ill children with gastrointestinal dysfunction(GID).Methods According to pediatric critical illness score,75 cases were divided into greatly critical group(score90).Fifty cases of greatly critical and critical group were divided into GID group and non-GID group.The levels of serum GAS,plasma MTL and SST were detected on an empty stomach at acute stage and convalescence stage,comparing with those of normal control group,and then,the relationship between the levels of serum GAS,plasma MTL,SST and GID,the severity of disease were analyzed.Results At acute stage,the levels of serum GAS and plasma MTL of greatly critical group and critical group were higher than those of normal control group,the levels of plasma SST of greatly critical group and critical group were lower than that of normal control group,the more severe condition of critical children,the higher level of serum GAS and plasma MTL,the lower level of plasma SST.At convalescence stage,the level of serum GAS and plasma MTL of the greatly critical group and critical group decreased and the level of plasma SST increased.The levels of serum GAS and plasma MTL of GID group were higher than those of non-GID group,but the level of plasma SST of GID group was lower than that of non-GID group.Conclusion The level of serum GAS,plasma MTL and SST can be used to assess the severity of illness and prognosis,judge the change of disease and determine the efficacy of treatment programs,and detect gastrointestinal functional lesion.

The aim of study was to establish the packaging system of the recombinant lentiviral vector encoding Gfi1 gene for eukaryotic expression and to realize the efficient, stable expression of Gfi1 32D cells so as to provide effective platform for further studying the development of Gfi1 gene in hematologic malignancies. The three-plasmid recombinant lentiviral vector consisting of transfer plasmid (pLOX-Gfi1/pLOX), the packaging plasmid (pCMVDeltaR8.2) and the envelop plasmid (pMD.G) was prepared and purified. Human embryonic kidney 293T cells were cotransfected with the three plasmids by lipofectamine 2000. After transfection for 48 hours, the viral supernatant was collected and the target cell 32D was transfected with the recombinant lentivirus; the Gfi1 integration and expression in 293T and 32D cells were detected by Western-blot. The results showed that the three plasmids of lentivirus could be transfected into 293T with high efficiency and packaged successfully, and the Gfi1 protein could be detected by fluorescent microscopy. The recombinant lentiviruses carrying Gfi1 could transfer and deliver Gfi1 gene to 32D cells, and the Gfi1 expression in 293T and 32D cell could be detected by Western blot. It is concluded that the recombinant lentivirus carrying Gfi1 can deliver target gene to 32D cells with high efficiency, and the expression of Gfi1 protein is stable in 32D.
Cell Line ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Lentivirus ; genetics ; Plasmids ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo identify the risk factors for death in children with septic shock.

METHODSClinical data of 53 children with septic shock admitted to the Yuying Children's Hospital between January 2006 and July 2008 were retrospectively studied. Risk factors for death were assessed using univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSNineteen cases died out of 53 children with septic shock. Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis showed that arterial blood pH value<7.0 (OR=89.66), hypotension (OR=84.00), the pediatric critical illness score<70 (OR=60.00), the number of organ dysfunction>or=3 (OR=38.98), incompletion of volume resuscitation within 6 hrs after shock (OR=26.41), and no administration of effective antibiotics within 1 hr after shock (OR=11.43) and of vasoactive drugs (OR=75.68) were risk factors for death in children with septic shock.

CONCLUSIONSA low arterial blood pH value (<7.0), hypotension, a pediatric critical illness score (<70) and the number of organ dysfunction>or=3 are related to a high mortality in children with septic shock. If the volume resuscitation can be completed within 6 hrs after shock, effective antibiotics can be administered within 1 hr after shock, and vasoactive drugs can be used properly, the outcome of children with septic shock may be improved.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Infant ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Shock, Septic ; metabolism ; mortality

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the sensitivity and usefulness of 99mTc-sestamibi scintigraphy (SS) and neck ultrasonography (US) as preoperative localization procedures in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT).

METHODS160 patients with proved pHPT in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from June 1983 to June 2002 were studied. There were 107 women(66.9%) and 53 men (33.1%), with a mean age of 38.9 years (10-73 years). 100 patients were underwent SS and 148 patients were underwent US prior to surgery, and the results were compared with operative and histological findings.

RESULTSThe sensitivity of SS and US in localization of the enlarged parathyroid glands was 94.0% and 85.1% respectively, and the positive predictive value of SS and US was 100% and 89.1% respectively, the overall sensitivity was 98.9% by combination of SS and US. In solitary parathyroid adenomas group (n = 145), the sensitivity of SS and US was 93.3% and 84.7% respectively; There was no significant difference (P = 0.428) in sensitivity of SS between the parathyroid glands correctly identified and undetected in classical neck location as compared with ectopic parathyroid glands, whereas significantly (P = 0.026) influenced by the US sensitivity.

CONCLUSIONSDifferent sensitivity exit between SS and VS in preoperative localization in patients with pHPT undergoing parathyroidectomy. The combined use of SS and US could increase the sensitivity of localization technique. Ectopic parathyroid had no influence on the sensitivity of 99mTc-MIBI scanning, but decreased the sensitivity of ultrasonography. The size of parathyroid tumors had effects on the sensitivity of ultrasonography. Otherwise, various conditions causing SS false negative were observed. Some interfere factors should be excluded when SS negative results were encountered in clinical practice.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; diagnostic imaging ; Parathyroid Glands ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Preoperative Care ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi ; therapeutic use ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of a high-carbohydrate diet on the lipid and apolipoprotein ratios in healthy young adults with different genotypes of the polymorphism at -75 site in the promoter region of the gene of apolipoprotein AI (APOA1).

METHODSFifty-six subjects aged (22.89 +/- 1.80) years were given a wash-out diet for 7 days, followed by a high-carbohydrate diet for 6 days. The wash-out diet contained 15% protein, 31% fat, and 54% carbohydrate. The high-carbohydrate diet contained 15% protein, 15% fat, and 70% carbohydrate. Twelve-hour fasting serum lipids and apolipoproteins B100 and AI were measured on the mornings of the 1st, the 8th, and the 14th days from the beginning of the wash-out diet. The ratios of triglyceride (TG)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/HDL-C, and apolipoprotein B100 (APOB100)/apolipoprotein AI (APOAI) were calculated. The genome DNA was extracted and the polymorphism of APOA1 -75 G/A was determined by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism assay.

RESULTSAt baseline, the lipid and apolipoprotein ratios showed no significant differences between the GG genotype and the A carriers in males (P > 0.05), whereas the female A carriers had a significantly higher ratio of LDL-C/ HDL-C compared with the female subjects with the GG genotype (P < 0.05). Following the high-carbohydrate diet, significant decreases of TC/HDL-C were found in all the groups, regardless of sex and genotype (P < 0.01). LDL-C/HDL-C experienced significant decreases in both the genotypes in males (P < 0.05), while in females, significant decrease of LDL-C/HDL-C was only observed in A carriers (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe A allele of the -75 G/A polymorphism in APOA1 may have specific effects on the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio in females.

Adult ; Apolipoprotein A-I ; genetics ; Apolipoproteins ; blood ; Dietary Carbohydrates ; metabolism ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEThis study sought to analyze the clinical manifestations and intervention of fulminant septic shock in community-acquired Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia.

METHODSWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records for diagnosis, antibiotic therapy, clinical course of septic shock, respiratory support, laboratory data etc.

RESULTSEight of nine cases with P. aeruginosa septic shock died. Fever (nine cases) and cough (three cases) or diarrhea (3 cases) were the 2 most common initial symptoms, three cases developed skin gangrenosum later. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection was not considered in any of the cases before death or blood culture showed positive result. Only 3 cases were initially treated with susceptible antibiotic regimen but no anti pseudomonas combination therapy was applied, susceptible antibiotic monotherapy was applied in 7 cases after transfer to the ICU. The mean latency of shock occurrence was 5.1 hours (range 0 to 21 hours) after admission, the mean duration from the occurrence of shock to death was 13.8 hours (range, 1 - 32 hours). All the patients were transfer red to ICU for shock, the appropriate resuscitation of shock patients was delayed by 49.3 minutes (range 25 - 80 minutes) by transfer. Only two cases were diagnosed and treated for shock on admission; after transferred to ICU, only 5 patients were diagnosed as having shock, and only 3 received anti-shock treatment. Eight of the patients died of persistent shock. In 6 patients who died, mechanical ventilation was not applied until cardiac arrest occurred. All the patients had hypoalbuminaemia, elevated serum C-reactive protein concentration, leukopenia and 6 cases had DIC.

CONCLUSIONThe initial presentation of the cases with community-acquired Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia was nonspecific with fever and cough or diarrhea. Clinicians often underestimated the severity of the infection, few patients received effective antimicrobial therapy. The authors suggest that an anti-pseudomonas antibiotic should be included in the initial empiric antibiotic regimen to cover P. aeruginosa high-risk patients; the front-line clinician should be educated for early recognition and aggressive resuscitation of P infection. aeruginosa septicemia.

Adolescent ; Child, Preschool ; Community-Acquired Infections ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Pseudomonas Infections ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Retrospective Studies ; Shock, Septic ; microbiology

OBJECTIVETo analyze the differences of risk factors on congenital heart defect (CHD)between floating population and permanent residents in Guangdong.

METHODSA multicenter case-control study was carried out to investigate the risk factors of CHD in floating population and in permanent residents. Data was from 34 Guangdong CHD Monitoring Network centers during the year of 2004 to 2011. Exposed information related to the parents at pre-pregnancy and early pregnancy periods, was collected, using the same questionnaire survey methodology in the two populations. Possible risk factors were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate non-conditional logistic regression(ENTER method)methods. Risk factors were compared between the two populations.

RESULTSTotally, 855 CHD cases and their controls from the floating population, as well as 1673 cases and their controls from the permanent residents were included in this study. Age of the children under study was defined from 28th week of gestation to 1 year old postnatal. In the floating population, specific risk factor for CHD appeared as:maternal passive smoking in early pregnancy, while the specific protective factor as high family income. However, the specific risk factors would include: having diseases as maternal diabetes mellitus or syphilis, living in a newly (within half a year) decorated house or with fetal macrosomia in the permanent residents. High education level showed as a risk factor in floating population, however contrarily, as protective factor to the permanent residents. Except for the factors related to having fever of the mother and infant with low birth weight, factors as having history of deliveries more than two, with maternal virus infection, exposure to chemical agent and negative bearing history etc., have higher OR values in floating population than in the permanent residents.

CONCLUSIONSignificant differences of risk factors for CHD were noticed between floating population and the permanent residents, which have their individual specific risk factors. Most of the ORs appeared higher in floating population than in the permanent residents.

Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Transients and Migrants

OBJECTIVETo summarize prevalence rate and region distribution of congenital heart disease (CHD) in 12-month-old and younger infants among four regions of Guangdong province, China.

METHODSData from Guangdong CHD monitoring network including 34 monitoring units covering different geographic regions were analyzed. Professional training on screening and diagnosing CHD was provided to each work group member to improve the diagnosis level. CHD infants under or aged 12 months detected in the monitoring unit were included. CHD was diagnosed by fetus and infants echocardiography.

RESULTSFrom July 2004 to December 2010, 383 281 perinatal were registered and 3263 cases of CHD were detected in the 34 member units of Guangdong CHD monitoring network [total prevalence rate of CHD: 0.851% (3263/383 281), male prevalence rate: 0.868% (1799/207 347), female prevalence rate:0.828% (1456/175 843)].Stillbirth CHD prevalence rate was significantly higher than livebirth CHD prevalence rate [10.627% (676/6361) vs. 0.686% (2587/376 920), P < 0.01]. The total prevalence of CHD was significantly higher in Pearl River Delta region [0.906% (2826/311 823)] than in other regions [0.611% (437/71 458), P < 0.01]. Ventricular septal defect [39.93% (1033/2587) in livebirth] was the most dominant CHD, followed by patent ductus arteriosus [29.84% (772/2587)] and secundum atrial septal defect [13.76% (356/2587)].

CONCLUSIONSThe present data indicate that the prevalence of CHD in Guangdong is at the medium-upper level of the country associated with high stillbirth rate. The dominant type of CHD is ventricular septal defect. CHD prevalence is higher in the Pearl River Delta region than in other regions.

China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Prevalence