ObjectiveTo compare the sensitivity among three diagnostic criteria for multiple myeloma.MethodsA total of 220 patients with multiple myeloma were studied retrospectively to compare thesensitivity, aswellastheirclinicalmanifestations, cellmorphologyinbonemarrowand immunophenotype.Results (1) The sensitivity of domestic diagnostic criterion in 1975 was 79.1％ (174/220) and there were some drawbacks in type identify.The sensitivity of WHO diagnostic criterion in 2001 was 97.3％ (214/220) and the sensitivity of domestic diagnostic criteria in 2011 was 100％. (2) Immunoglobulin level in 12.7％ (28/220) patients was ＜ 30 g/L,plasma cells count in bone marrow in 13.6％ (30/220) was ＜ 10％ ; 2.7％ (6/220) patients had not met the standard in immunity globulin and bone marrow plasma cells count.(3) The immunophenotype was CD38 positive ( 100％ ),restricted light chain (kappa/lambda) and CD19 100％,CD138 (98.2％,216/220) negative.ConclusionsAmong the three diagnostic criteria,the highest was 2011 domestic diagnostic criteria.Comprehensive analysis include clinical manifestations,cell morphology,immunophenotype will contribute to the diagnosis for multiple myeloma.

There are two types of Chinese medicine, i.e., "Shihu" and "Tiepi shihu", using the stems of species of Dendrobium (Orchidaceae) as original materials. In order to understand species of Dendrobium using in Chinese medicine, taxonomic investigation and revision were performed. Our results indicated that about sixty species of sect. Dendrobium, sect. Formosae, and Sect. Stachyobium, are used as raw materials of "Shihu". Seven species of Dendrobium moniliforme complex and four species in Dendrobium officinale complex were recognized.
Dendrobium ; classification ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; classification

Professor Jin Shi-yuan has been worked in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) over 70 years. He made prominent contributions in identification, processing, dispensing of TCM and reasonable use proprietary Chinese medicine. In over 70 years, he has mastered herbal medicine and traditional Chinese Medicine. It is also professor JIN's academic characteristic. Professor JIN's practical experiences were summarized according to the current situation about clinical medication, change of species of Juhong and Chenpi has been different from species of medical history. The quality is lower than before. Medicinal parts of Danggui, Gancao, Huangqin and Wuyao has been changed. So the actions of these herbal medicines have been changed also. Fresh herbal Qianchangpu has disappeared but it should be used clinically. Medical history, change of species, change of medicinal part, and change of preparing process in professor JIN's academic idea were be summarized periodically. The result is hoped to be referred by administration, manufacture, medical treatment of TCM.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; education ; history ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; standards ; Herbals as Topic ; history ; standards ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history

Objective To analyze the incidence of invasive fungal infection and the risk factor in primary acute leukemia patients.Methods Retrospectively analysis of clinical data from Jan 2007 to Jun 2008 about 80 newly diagnosed patients with acute leukemia primary treated in Peking University People's hospital.Results The incidence of invasive fungal infection is 13.8%,elderly patients、higer WBC counts and longer antibiotics treatment are the risk factor for the fungal infection.Conclusion There are high incidence of invasive fungal infection in induction therapy for primary acute leukemia,the prophylaxis therapy should be consider in high risk patients.

Objective To explore the feasibility and therapeutic effect of total laparoscopic hepatectomy(LH) for treating hepa‐tolithiasis .Methods 75 consecutive patients with hepatolithiasis operatively treated in our hospital from November 2003 to Novem‐ber 2012 were retrospectively analyzed .Among them ,35 cases underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy(LH group) and 40 cases under‐went open hepatectomies(OH group) .The operative modes in the two groups included the left liver lateral lobe resection ,left hemi‐hepatecomy ,common bile duct incision exploration ,choledochoscopy exploration for calculi extraction ,T tube drainage and cholecys‐tectomy .The clinical indicators including the operation time ,intraoperative blood loss ,analgesic drug use situation ,ambulation time , diet recovery time ,postoperative complication rate ,postoperative hospital stay time ,stone clearance rate and recurrence rate were analyzed and compared between the two groups .Results The operation time of the LH group was longer than that of the OH group[(205 .0 ± 40 .9) min vs .(155 .0 ± 26 .6) min ,P< 0 .01] and the postoperative hospital stay time of the LH group was shorter than that of the OH group[(12 .3 ± 2 .6) d vs .(15 .6 ± 4 .3)d ,P< 0 .01] .The intraoperative blood loss of the LH group was slightly more than that of the OH group[(330 .0 ± 259 .7) mL vs .(151 .5 ± 137 .0) mL ,P< 0 .01] .However ,the blood loss of last 10 cases in the LH group was similar to that of the OH group[(81 .0 ± 19 .70)mL vs .(78 .0 ± 22 .0)mL ,P> 0 .05) .The use rate of analge‐sic drugs in the LH group was lower than that of the OH group (0 vs .62 .5% ) .The ambulation time and the diet recovery time in the LH group were shorter than those in the OH group[(1 .5 ± 0 .5)d vs .(3 .6 ± 0 .7)d ,P< 0 .01 ;(2 .4 ± 0 .5)d vs .(4 .0 ± 0 .7) d , P< 0 .01] .No differences between the two groups were found in the occurrence rate of postoperative complications (2 .9% vs . 16 .0% ) ,stone clearance rate(instant clearance rate 91 .4% vs .90% ;final clearance rate 97 .1% vs .100% ) and the opeartion ex‐cellent rate(97 .1% vs .100% ) .No case of perioperative death occurred in the two groups(P > 0 .05) .Conclusion LH combined with choledochoscopy for treating hepatolithiasis is feasible and safe in the patients conforming to the selected standard with an e‐qual therapeutic effect to that of open hepatectomy .LH has the advanteages of minimally invasive surgery such as small incision , less pain ,fast recovery ,less complications ,etc .

Objective To compare the clinical efficiency of endoscopic thyroidectomy by breast approach with conventional open thyroidectomy in patients with benign thyroid tumor. Methods Ninety-one patients of thyroid adenoma or adenomatous goiter underwent endoscopic thyroidectomy (group endoscopy) , Ninety-nine patients underwent conventional open thyroidectomy (group open). Operative time, blood loss, the volum of drainage, time of hospital stay and postoperative stay, postoperative complications and analgesic requirements, time taken to return to normal activity and total fee were compared. Results There were no significant differences in operative time, time of stay and postoperation stay between the two groups. Blood loss was significantly less in group endoscopy (27. 7?17. 4) ml than in group open [ (96. 8?84. 8) ml, P

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of laparoscopic treatment of hepatic hemangioma. Methods The clinical data of 27 patients who received laparoscopic treatment of hepatic hemangioma from November 2003 to October 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. The hepatic inflow to the liver or to a hemiliver was temporarily blocked using a Pringle manoeuvre with a self-invented laparoscopic blocker at the porta hepatis or at the pedicle to the relevant hemiliver. The Electriccautery and ultracision were used for liver transaction. Results Laparoscopic treatment of hepatic hemangioma was successfully performed in 25 patients. Conversion to laparotomy was required in two (8%) patients for uncontrollable bleeding. There were no major postoperative complications and no mortality. The mean tumor diameter was (6.34±2. 17) cm. The operating time was ( 105.21 ±72.76)min. The time of hepatic inflow block was (10. 17±12. 21)min. The blood loss was (115. 5±212.14)ml. The volume of blood transfusion was (0. 87 ± 1.45)U. The volume of postoperative drainage was (112.60±201.03)ml. The time taken to return to normal activity was (2. 0±0. 8) days.The length of postoperative hospital stay was (5.5±2.4) days. The length of total hospital stay was (12. 5 ±5.3) days. The total cost was RMB10041.6±8678. 7. Conclusion In selected patients, laparoscopic treatment of hepatic hemangioma was safe and feasible.

Anthocyanin biosynthesis is one of the thoroughly studied enzymatic pathways in biology, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms of its final stage: the transport of the anthocyanins into the vacuole. A clear picture of the dynamic trafficking of flavonoids is only now beginning to emerge. So far four different models have been proposed to explain the transport of anthocyanins from biosynthetic sites to the central vacuole, and four types of transporters have been found associated with the transport of anthocyanins: glutathione S-transferase, multidrug resistance-associated protein, multidrug and toxic compound extrusion, bilitranslocase-homologue. The functions of these proteins and related genes have also been studied. Although different models have been proposed, cellular and subcellular information is still lacking for reconciliation of different lines of evidence in various anthocyanin sequestration studies. According to the information available, through sequence analysis, gene expression analysis, subcellular positioning and complementation experiments, the function and location of these transporters can be explored, and the anthocyanin transport mechanism can be better understood.
Anthocyanins ; metabolism ; Biological Transport ; Glutathione Transferase ; metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins ; metabolism ; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins ; metabolism ; Plants ; metabolism ; Vacuoles ; metabolism

Expression conditions of induction strategies for the cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (IBs) production of liver targeted interferon IFN-CSP by recombinant Escherichia coli (E. coli) BL21 (DE3) were optimized in shake-flask cultures in this study. The factors of the optimized protocol included in the present study were pH, inducer IPTG (isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactoside) concentration, culture growth temperature, incubation time and induction point. The effects of those factors were investigated by 'single variable at a time' method, aimed to analyze characterization of the recombinant strain. Orthogonal experimental design was further used to optimize the above critical factors for IFN-CSP production. According to the expression optimization result, it was confirmed that the main influence factors were cell density and induction temperature. The IFN-CSP gene expression optimized conditions were: pH value of the culture medium was 6.0, culture temperature 37 degrees C, adding IPTG to final concentration 0.4 mmol/L when the recombinant strain growth density OD600 achieved 0.8 and induction time 4 h. At this point, the IBs represented 74.3% of the total cellular protein. Compared with the non-optimized condition, IFN-CSP production obtained in optimized induction strategies were increased by approx. 1.2-fold. The optimized induction strategy yielded 688.8 mg/L of IFN-CSP, providing experimental data to study the biology activity and productive technology of IFN-CSP.
Biotechnology ; methods ; Cell Culture Techniques ; methods ; Culture Media ; chemistry ; Escherichia coli ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Interferons ; biosynthesis ; Liver ; Temperature

Bioactive natural products are the material bases of Chinese materia medica resources. With successful applications of synthetic biology strategies to the researches and productions of taxol, artemisinin and tanshinone, etc, the potential ability of synthetic biology in the sustainable utilization of Chinese materia medica resources has been attracted by many researchers. This paper reviews the development of synthetic biology, the opportunities of sustainable utilization of Chinese materia medica resources, and the progress of synthetic biology applied to the researches of bioactive natural products. Furthermore, this paper also analyzes how to apply synthetic biology to sustainable utilization of Chinese materia medica resources and what the crucial factors are. Production of bioactive natural products with synthetic biology strategies will become a significant approach for the sustainable utilization of Chinese materia medica resources.
Artemisinins ; metabolism ; Biosynthetic Pathways ; Biotechnology ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; genetics ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; metabolism ; Escherichia coli ; metabolism ; Ginsenosides ; genetics ; metabolism ; Metabolic Engineering ; methods ; Paclitaxel ; metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; genetics ; metabolism ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; genetics ; metabolism ; Synthetic Biology