Child ; Humans ; Liver Failure ; therapy ; Liver Transplantation ; Male ; Plasma Exchange

Adult ; Cadmium ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; etiology ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure

Objective:To evaluate the performance for the Sysmex XN20 A1 automation blood cell analyzer.Methods: The precision, contaminative rate, linear range, blank, accuracy and various sample models were verified, and low values of blood platelet were compared with the methods of microscopy and dye.Results:The contaminative rate was lower than 0.4%. The linear arrange and precision were well for the analyzer. The values of RBC, HGB and PLT were within the range of 1±0.05 and the correlation coefficients were higher than 0.975. The bias of average and constant values by the accuracy verification samples test met the demands of accuracy. And the relative differences of various sample models meet the requirements of the comparability. The variable coefficient of low values of PLT was lower than 4% by the dye method.Conclusion: The Sysmex XN20 A1 automation blood cell analyzer has the characteristics of perfect precision, accuracy, low contaminative rate, broad linear arrange and good repeatability for the low level PLT. It can be applied in clinical laboratory.

Objective To explore the changes of serum IL‐6 ,IL‐10 ,PLA2 on intracranial infection and its prognosis .Methods Totallly 100 patients with intracranial infection during February 2011 to December 2013 were selected as the research object .In 100 cases of intracranial infection patients ,30 cases were cured (group A) and 52 cases improved (group B) ,18 cases of illness or death as poor prognosis group (group C) .Serum IL‐6 ,IL‐10 ,PLA2 content of the subjects in different time point were detected .Results One day After infection ,serum IL‐6 ,IL‐10 ,PLA2 levels in intracranial infection group were obviously higher than that of healthy control group (P< 0 .01) ;7 d after infection ,IL‐6 ,IL‐10 average level among 3 groups had obvious changed(P< 0 .05) ,7 d after in‐fection ,IL‐6 ,IL‐10 level of group B and group C was significantly higher than group A (P< 0 .05) ;and in group C ,IL‐6 ,IL‐10 was higher than group B (P< 0 .05) .7 d after infection ,the IL‐6 IL‐ 10 level of group A declined ,the IL‐6 ,IL‐ 10 levels of group B be‐gan decreasing 14 d after infection ,and the IL‐6 ,IL‐10 levels of group C had been in a rising trend .3 d after infection ,the PLA2 leves among 3 groups had obvious changed(P< 0 .05) ,7 d after infection ,the change rate increased ,7 d after infection ,PLA2 level of group B and group C was significantly higher than group A (P< 0 .05) ,and in group C ,PLA2 was higher than group B (P< 0 . 05) .7 d after infection ,the PLA2 level of group A declined ,in group B and group C ,PLA2 level began to decline significantly 14 d after infection .Conclusion IL‐6 ,IL‐10 ,PLA2 are closely related to the occurrence and prognosis of intracranial infection .

Objective To investigate whether the monitoring of cerebral blood flow can be used to evaluate the successful preparation of rat models with focal cerebral ischemia.Methods With the line plug inserted into the left internal cerebral artery of 30 SPF Wistar Han rats at (16.0±0.5) mm,(18.0±0.5) mm and (20.0±0.5) mm respectively,three kinds of focal cerebral ischemia models (10 each) were prepared.All the rats were divided into incomplete occlusion group,complete occlusion group and deep occlusion group according to whether the blood clots were found in skull base and the infarction was appeared in the middle cerebral artery territory after the whole brain was stained with 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride.The cerebral blood flow in the middle cerebral artery territory of each animal was monitored by laser Doppler at the time of before and after blocking with the line plug inserted and reperfusion with the line plug pulled out and recorded for statistical analysis.The cerebral blood flow was expressed as the relative flow unit (perfusion unit,PU);The changes of the cerebral blood flow after occlusion and reperfusion were expressed as a percentage of that blood flow and those before occlusion.Results During the process of modeling,1 rats died,and the other in the incomplete occlusion group (n=9),in the complete occlusion group (n=15),and in the deep occlusion group (n=5).The depths of inserting of 8 rats in the incomplete occlusion group were about (16±0.5) mm,and the blood flow from the anterior cerebral artery to middle cerebral artery could not be prevented completely,the Longa score was evaluated 6 h after ischemia and ranged from 0 to 1,there were no blood clots in skull base and no infarction after TTC staining.The depths of inserting of 9 rats in the complete occlusion group were about (18±0.5) mm,and the anterior cerebral artery blood flow was completely blocked,the neurological dysfunction was significant after 6 h ischemia and the Longa score was ranged from 2 to 3,the blood clots in skull base were absent and the infarctions in middle cerebral artery territory were obvious after TTC staining.The depth of inserting of 5 rats in the deep occlusion group were about (20±0.5) mm,and the anterior cerebral artery blood flow was also completely blocked,the neurological dysfunction was serious after 6 h ischemia and the Longa score was ranged from 3 to 4,there existed blood clots in skull base and obvious infarctions in middle cerebral artery territory after TTC staining.The cerebral blood flows after the line plug inserted compared with those before occlusion in the incomplete occlusion group,complete occlusion group and deep occlusion group were all decreased (94±17 vs.256±36,43±9 vs.286±44,44±6 vs.294±46,respectively,all P<0.05) ,and the difference between groups was statistically significant (F=56.57,P<0.01),Those in complete occlusion group and deep occlusion group were lower than that in incomplete occlusion group(all P<0,05),but the difference between deep occlusion group with complete occlusion group was not statistically significant(P>0.05);The percentages of cerebral blood flow after occlusion and before were (36.93±0.06)%,(15.09±0.02)%,(15.52±0.04)% respectively,and the difference between groups was statistically significant (F=39.14,P<0.01).The cerebral blood flow after reperfusion were 213±31,147±17,96±14,respectively,and the difference was also statistically significant (F=50.05,P<0.01),and the cerebral blood flow in deep occlusion group was less than that in complete occlusion group(P<0.05);The percentages of cerebral blood flow after reperfusion and before occlusion were (83.10±0.02)%,(51.83±0.05)%,(33.49±0.09)% respectively,and the difference was also statistically significant (F=93.23,P<0.01).Conclusion The cerebral blood flow monitored by laser Doppler can be used as a real-time,convenient,micro invasive,objective and reliable standard to evaluate the successful preparation of rat MCAO models with line plug method.

Comorbidity ; Humans

Information Services ; Occupational Health Services ; organization & administration

Objective To study the effects of large dose anisodamine (654-2) combined with ulinastain on severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods 100 healthy adult SD rats which were fasted 12 hours before experiment and were allowed drinking water freely,were divided to 5 groups randomly (random number):normal control group,SAPgroup,SAP + Ulinastain group,SAP + Anisodamine group,SAP +Ulinastain + Anisodamine,there were 20 rats in every group.To observe the levels of diastase,phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and endotoxin and pathology of rats in every group.Another cohort of 60 SD rats were divided into 3 groups:SAP group,SAP + Ulinastain group,SAP + Ulinastain + large dose Anisodamine group,survival periods were observed.Results The levels of diastase,PLA2 and endotoxin in SAP rats were higher than those in 3 SAP with treatment groups (P ＜ 0.05).The histopathological changes were most severe in SAP group.All of 3 markers in 3 SAP with treatment groups decreased obviously,and anisodamine alone was effective to treat SAP,but the effect of UTI + 654-2 was better than UTI or 654-2 alone,and histopathological changes were mild in this group treated with UTI + 654-2.Conclusions Anisodamine could effectively relax the Oddi sphincter thereby decreasing the hydrostatic pressure inside the bile duct and pancreatic duct.Ulinastain is a kind of proteinase inhibitor suppressing many kinds of enzymes and in tern to stabilize lysosomal membrane and inhibit the release of lysosomal enzyme.Combination of the large dose Anisodamine with Ulinastain could inhibit the overexpression of inflammationarv factors in SAP,thereby lessening the severity of viscera injury.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for implementing relevant policies and measures,and promote rational drug use. METHODS:The cognition(questionnaire)and application(prescription spot checks)about antibiotics and glucocorticoids by 191 rural doctors from 14 township hospitals and 18 health room in area A,B and C(representing the economically developed areas, moderately developed areas and undeveloped areas)were investigated,and the results were statistically analyzed. RESULTS:Total-ly 382 questionnaires were sent out(191 for antibiotics and 191 for glucocorticoids),and 382 were effectively received with effec-tive recovery of 100%;and 2 300 prescriptions were checked. Results of questionnaire showed,there were still some misunder-standings and blindness among the rural doctors'cognition and application about antibiotics and glucocorticoids,the usage of β-lac-tam was not fully grasped,part of the empirical use of antibiotics and drug treatment was still not entirely clear,more than 40%had no clear ideas about the classification and contraindications of hormones,and more than half of them didn't know the Glucocor-ticoids Clinical Practice Guidelines;results of prescription spot checks showed,there were regional differences about the proportion of antibiotics and glucocorticoids,area A had the highest proportion among 3 areas,accounting for 60.9% and 18.9%,respective-ly. And area C showed highest proportion about unreasonable prescriptions,accounting for 22.5%. CONCLUSIONS:The cognition and reasonable use of rural doctors for antibiotics and glucocorticoids still needs to be strengthened. It is suggested to take effective measures,formulate and implement the corresponding supervision system,strengthen antibiotics and glucocorticoids knowledge training for rural doctors and fully implement the the principles of rational drug use to improve the rational drug use.

Objective To evaluate the effect of hydrogen-rich saline on the expression of phosphor-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38MAPK) during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Seventy-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 220-250 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =20 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),I/R group and hydrogen-rich saline group (group I/RH).Cerebral ischemia was induced in chloral hydrate-anesthetized rats by 2 h middle cerebral artery occlusion in I/R and I/RH groups.The artery was only exposed but not occluded in group S.At 3 days before operation and immediately after onset of reperfusion,hydrogen-rich saline (0.6 mmol/L) 10 ml/kg was intraperitoneally injected in group I/RH,while the equal volume of normal saline was given in S and I/R groups.Neurological deficits were blindly assessed and scored at the end of 24 h reperfusion.The animals were then sacrificed,and brains were removed for microscopic examination and for determination of the cerebral infarct size (by TTC),brain water content,cell apoptosis (by TUNEL),and expression of p38MAPk and phosphor-p38MAPK (p-p38MAPK) (by immunohistochemistry and Western blot).Apoptosis index was calculated.Results Compared with group S,neurological deficit score,apoptosis index,brain water content and cerebral infarct size were significantly increased,and the expression of p38MAPK and p-p38MAPK was up-regulated in I/R and I/RH groups.Compared with group I/R,neurological deficit score,apoptosis index,brain water content and cerebral infarct size were significantly decreased,and the expression of p38MAPK and p-p38MAPK was down-regulated in group I/RH.The pathological changes of cerebral tissues were significantly attenuated in group I/RH as compared with group I/R.Conclusion Hydrogen-rich saline can reduce cell apoptosis through inhibiting p-p38MAPK expression,thus attenuating cerebral I/R injury in rats.