Objective To investigate whether the monitoring of cerebral blood flow can be used to evaluate the successful preparation of rat models with focal cerebral ischemia.Methods With the line plug inserted into the left internal cerebral artery of 30 SPF Wistar Han rats at (16.0±0.5) mm,(18.0±0.5) mm and (20.0±0.5) mm respectively,three kinds of focal cerebral ischemia models (10 each) were prepared.All the rats were divided into incomplete occlusion group,complete occlusion group and deep occlusion group according to whether the blood clots were found in skull base and the infarction was appeared in the middle cerebral artery territory after the whole brain was stained with 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride.The cerebral blood flow in the middle cerebral artery territory of each animal was monitored by laser Doppler at the time of before and after blocking with the line plug inserted and reperfusion with the line plug pulled out and recorded for statistical analysis.The cerebral blood flow was expressed as the relative flow unit (perfusion unit,PU);The changes of the cerebral blood flow after occlusion and reperfusion were expressed as a percentage of that blood flow and those before occlusion.Results During the process of modeling,1 rats died,and the other in the incomplete occlusion group (n=9),in the complete occlusion group (n=15),and in the deep occlusion group (n=5).The depths of inserting of 8 rats in the incomplete occlusion group were about (16±0.5) mm,and the blood flow from the anterior cerebral artery to middle cerebral artery could not be prevented completely,the Longa score was evaluated 6 h after ischemia and ranged from 0 to 1,there were no blood clots in skull base and no infarction after TTC staining.The depths of inserting of 9 rats in the complete occlusion group were about (18±0.5) mm,and the anterior cerebral artery blood flow was completely blocked,the neurological dysfunction was significant after 6 h ischemia and the Longa score was ranged from 2 to 3,the blood clots in skull base were absent and the infarctions in middle cerebral artery territory were obvious after TTC staining.The depth of inserting of 5 rats in the deep occlusion group were about (20±0.5) mm,and the anterior cerebral artery blood flow was also completely blocked,the neurological dysfunction was serious after 6 h ischemia and the Longa score was ranged from 3 to 4,there existed blood clots in skull base and obvious infarctions in middle cerebral artery territory after TTC staining.The cerebral blood flows after the line plug inserted compared with those before occlusion in the incomplete occlusion group,complete occlusion group and deep occlusion group were all decreased (94±17 vs.256±36,43±9 vs.286±44,44±6 vs.294±46,respectively,all P<0.05) ,and the difference between groups was statistically significant (F=56.57,P<0.01),Those in complete occlusion group and deep occlusion group were lower than that in incomplete occlusion group(all P<0,05),but the difference between deep occlusion group with complete occlusion group was not statistically significant(P>0.05);The percentages of cerebral blood flow after occlusion and before were (36.93±0.06)%,(15.09±0.02)%,(15.52±0.04)% respectively,and the difference between groups was statistically significant (F=39.14,P<0.01).The cerebral blood flow after reperfusion were 213±31,147±17,96±14,respectively,and the difference was also statistically significant (F=50.05,P<0.01),and the cerebral blood flow in deep occlusion group was less than that in complete occlusion group(P<0.05);The percentages of cerebral blood flow after reperfusion and before occlusion were (83.10±0.02)%,(51.83±0.05)%,(33.49±0.09)% respectively,and the difference was also statistically significant (F=93.23,P<0.01).Conclusion The cerebral blood flow monitored by laser Doppler can be used as a real-time,convenient,micro invasive,objective and reliable standard to evaluate the successful preparation of rat MCAO models with line plug method.

Since 2000,most of H5N1 subtype influenza A virus had a unique mutation of NS gene with 15base pair deletion from 263 to 277. In order to investigate the bio-characteristics of this mutation,two different NS recombinants,RWSN-248 and RWSN-m248,were generated via plasmid rescue from A/WSN/33(H1N1) and A/SD/04(H5N1). RWSN-248 had a higher viral titer than RWSN-m248 in MDCK and COS-1 cells that have an IFN response,but they had the similar growth ability in Vero cells that lack an IFN response. Both of two recombinants grew well in embryonated chicken eggs and had the similar viral titer and MDT. The results above revealed that the deletion from 263 to 277 sites of NS gene did not influence viral virulence to but decreased viral anti-IFN ability of H5N1.

Eighty-five endophytic fungal strains were isolated from the roots、stems and leaves of Polygala tenuifolia Willd, among which, fifty-two from natural plants and thirty-three from cultivated ones. Sev-enty-six strains were classified as twenty-three fungal genera. The inhibitory activity screening to fourteen microbe were conducted research. The results showed that some endophytic fungi had remarkble inhibitory activities to Bacillus subtilis, Shigella sonnei, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Fusarium kyrushuense and they were all belonged to Fusarium, Alternaria, Aphanocladium respectively. All of the endophytic fungi isolated from Polygala tenuifolia showed no inhibitory activities to Staphyloccocus aureus, Salmonel-lae enteritis, Bibrio parahemolyticus.

Adolescent ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Seminoma ; pathology ; Testicular Neoplasms ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery

Objective To study the effects of large dose anisodamine (654-2) combined with ulinastain on severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods 100 healthy adult SD rats which were fasted 12 hours before experiment and were allowed drinking water freely,were divided to 5 groups randomly (random number):normal control group,SAPgroup,SAP + Ulinastain group,SAP + Anisodamine group,SAP +Ulinastain + Anisodamine,there were 20 rats in every group.To observe the levels of diastase,phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and endotoxin and pathology of rats in every group.Another cohort of 60 SD rats were divided into 3 groups:SAP group,SAP + Ulinastain group,SAP + Ulinastain + large dose Anisodamine group,survival periods were observed.Results The levels of diastase,PLA2 and endotoxin in SAP rats were higher than those in 3 SAP with treatment groups (P ＜ 0.05).The histopathological changes were most severe in SAP group.All of 3 markers in 3 SAP with treatment groups decreased obviously,and anisodamine alone was effective to treat SAP,but the effect of UTI + 654-2 was better than UTI or 654-2 alone,and histopathological changes were mild in this group treated with UTI + 654-2.Conclusions Anisodamine could effectively relax the Oddi sphincter thereby decreasing the hydrostatic pressure inside the bile duct and pancreatic duct.Ulinastain is a kind of proteinase inhibitor suppressing many kinds of enzymes and in tern to stabilize lysosomal membrane and inhibit the release of lysosomal enzyme.Combination of the large dose Anisodamine with Ulinastain could inhibit the overexpression of inflammationarv factors in SAP,thereby lessening the severity of viscera injury.

Background:The diagnosis of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is usually based on changes in serum creatinine (sCr).However,sCr has poor sensitivity as a biomarker of kidney injury.The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of serum cystatin C (sCysC) to predict CIN after intra-arterial interventions.Methods:A total of 360 consecutive patients underwent intra-arterial procedures using digital subtraction angiography.SCr,sCysC,and estimated glomerular filtration rate were measured at 1 to 2 days before and at 48,72 h,and 7 days after the procedure.Results:Thirty-one patients (8.61％) developed C1N.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that preoperative sCysC levels had good discriminatory power (area under the curve [AUC] =0.634;95 ％ confidence interval [CI] =0.526-0.743) for evaluating the risk of CIN after an endovascular procedure,with a sensitivity of 53.33％ and specificity of 73.70％.ROC analysis showed that sCysC at 48 h after contrast medium administration was predictive of CIN after an endovascular procedure (AUC =0.735;95％ CI =0.647-0.822) with satisfactory sensitivity of 74.20％ and specificity of 63.90％.Diabetes mellitus was an independent risk factor for CIN (odds ratio =2.778;95％ CI =1.045-7.382;P =0.040).Conclusions:SCysC is an appropriate biomarker to predict the occurrence of CIN.Baseline sCysC before an intervention is useful to obtain a preliminary estimate of the risk of CIN.A 48-h cut-off value of sCysC of 0.99 mg/L after an endovascular procedure may help to rule out patients at lower risk of CIN.

Objective To explore the impacts of Danhong injection on physiological and biochemical indicators in malnourished mice at physiological low doses, evaluate its safety, and test the practical value of safety re-evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicinal ( TCM) injections. Methods A total of 32 ICR mice during growth period were selected to set up corn deficient nutrition mice model. Mice were assigned into the normal control group (given 0. 9% saline), Danhong injection at low, medium and high dosages (0. 2, 0. 4 and 0. 6 mL) groups (n=8 in each group);Mice were administered with respective medications intraperitoneally for 7 consecutive days. Blood samples were taken and mice were executed on the 8th day. All 9 kinds of organ or tissue were obtained completely, to measure related physiological and serum biochemical parameters. The safety of Danhong injection was evaluated by using Benefit and Damage Index - General Score ( BDI-GS ) system. Results The Danhong injection showed only slight damages on major organs or tissues, the BDI values were all above 0. 85, and the GS values were all above 9. 0;BDI values for Danhong injection at different dosages were all above 1. 0 for spleen and pancreas, showing better replenishing and healthy effects, and the differences were of statistical significance compared with the normal control group (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). Meanwhile, it exerted obviously hypoglycemic effect. Conclusion Danhong injection is of rather low risk under physiological dosages, and therefore is safe to use. The mal-nutrition model combined with the BDI-GS system may be developed as a novel approach for safety re-evaluation of TCM injection in clinic.

Objective:To investigate the influence of preoperative thyroid dysfunction on the 30-day postoperative mortality and complications in elderly patients with hip fracture.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted of the 349 elderly patients with hip fracture who had been admitted to Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2018 to December 2019. They were 108 males and 241 females, with an average age of 76.3 years (from 60 to 104 years). There were 190 femoral intertrochanteric fractures and 159 femoral neck fractures. By the preoperative level of thyroid function, the patients were divided into a normal function group of 290 cases and a dysfunction group of 59 cases. The 2 groups were compared in terms of hospital stay, mortality and incidence of complications within 30 days postoperation.Results:In this cohort, the rate of 30-day postoperative mortality was 3.4%(12/349) and the incidence of 30-day postoperative complications 14.6%(51/349). The 2 groups were comparable because there was no significant difference between them in the preoperative general data except for the preoperative comorbidity of coronary heart disease ( P>0.05). In the dysfunction group, the hospital stay averaged (10.2±6.9) d, the rate of 30-d postoperative mortality 1.7%(1/59) and the incidence of 30-day postoperative complications 16.9%(10/59), which were insignificantly different from those in the normal function group [(10.7±7.5) d, 3.8%(11/290) and 14.1%(41/290), respectively] ( P> 0.05). Conclusion:Since preoperative thyroid dysfunction does not affect the 30-day postoperative mortality and postoperative complications in the elderly patients with hip fracture but no definite thyroid disease, routine thyroid function screening is not recommended for them.

AIM:Toinvestigatetheeffectsofcalcitoningene-relatedpeptide(CGRP)onmyocardinexpres-sion and phenotypic switch in vascular smooth muscle cells ( VSMCs) .METHODS:VSMCs were obtained by aortic tissue adherent culture and treated with angiotensin Ⅱ( AngⅡ) , AngⅡ+CGRP or AngⅡ+CGRP +CGRP8-37 .The protein expression of myocardin and the phenotypic proteins of the VSMCs was detected by Western blot .RESULTS:The expres-sion of myocardin in cultured VSMCs showed downregulation along with time expansion .The protein level of myocardin was higher at 48 h and 72 h than that at baseline in the cultured VSMCs (P<0.05).However, the myocardin was lower at 48 h and 72 h than that at baseline after treatment with CGRP in cultured VSMCs (P<0.05).Furthermore, at 48 h in cul-tured VSMCs, the myocardin decreased along with α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) (P<0.05), and osteopontin (OPN) increased (P<0.05) in AngⅡ group compared with control group .After treatment with CGRP, the levels of myocardin andα-SMA become higher ( P <0.05 ) but OPN was lower ( P <0.05 ) in CGRP group than those in AngⅡ group. CGRP8-37 abrogated CGRP-induced increase in myocardin and α-SMA and decrease in OPN in CGRP 8-37 group compared with CGRP group .CONCLUSION: CGRP may regulate the phenotypic switch of the VSMCs and maintain the cells in contractile phenotype through the upregulation of myocardin protein , which may be accomplished by the combination of CGRP and its receptor .

Objective To evaluate the value of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography(RT-3DE)in diagnosing congenital tricuspid valve anomaly.Methods Eighteen patients with congenital tricuspid valve anomaly were studied by RT-3DE,the spatial framework and neighboring structures of the tricuspid valve were analyzed and compared with result of the operation.Results The anomaly of tricuspid,chorda tendineae,the papillary muscle and their connection with neighboring structures could be displayed clearly from different directions.The diagnose accordance rate of RT-3DE was 83%.Conclusions RT-3DE may provide more information on congenital tricuspid valve anomaly than 2DE.