With an objective to provide an experimental basis for scientific officinal of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus, this research uses UPLC-TQ/MS method to analyze 7 different kinds of lignan in 70 batches of Schisandra sphenantherae Fructus samples from 9 regions. The results showed that in the area south of Qinling mountains, Schisandrae sphenantherae Fructus from Zhashui county and Shanyang county of Shangluo mainly contained schisantherin A and deoxyschizandrin. However, Schisandrae sphenantherae Fructus from Mei county of Baoji, Shiquan county and Ningshan county of Ankang, and Lueyang county of Hanzhong, mainly contained anwuligan. Samples from Ningshan county also consists relatively high level of deoxyschizandrin. In the central area of Qinling mountains and the Daba mountains, Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus from Nanzheng county of Hanzhong mainly contained schisanhenol and deoxyschizandrin. In conclusion, the kinds and level of lignan differ significantly in Schisandrae sphenantherae Fructus produced in different regions. In practical application, Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus produced in different regions should be distinguished and differently applied based on their main effective components corresponding to different diseases, which can lead to the best clinical use.
China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Lignans ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Schisandra ; chemistry

A new viral sampling concentration device was designed which was equipped with a new cationic filter membrane-Nanoceram suitable for field sampling. Norovirus Genegroup II was detected from environmental water with the aid of this device. The effects on virus recovery of prefiltration, various second-concentration methods, and different eluants were investigated through pre-experiment. The concentration optimized process, and the optimal concentration process were then determined. The results showed that the prefiltration had a profound effect on virus recovery, and two second-concentration method: PEG-NaC1 precipitation and celite adsorption, had almost the same concentration effects. The Na2 HPO4 solution of 0.15 mol/L was selected as the final eluant to elute the adsorbed Nuorovirus from the celite. The virus recovery of Nanoceram was determined to be 3.02%. Finally, successful detection of Norovirus GII in sewage from Yangqiao River, Fengtai District, Beijing was acheived. All these data had shown that the Naneceram filter concentration method could concentrate Norovirus from environmental water with a steady effects.
Filtration ; instrumentation ; methods ; Fractional Precipitation ; instrumentation ; methods ; Genotype ; Norovirus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Rivers ; virology ; Water Microbiology

OBJECTIVETo summarize the clinical features and to evaluate outcomes and to assess therapeutic effects in 34 children and adolescents with Hodgkin lymphoma treated with risk-adapted combination chemotherapy and low-dose, involved-field radiation therapy (IFRT) in China.

METHODFrom January 2003 to April 2009, 34 hospitalized children with Hodgkin lymphoma were enrolled into the BCH-HL 2003 protocol (revised CCG 5942) in our hospital. Pathological samples were reviewed centrally and classified based on the World Health Organization guidelines. Staging was based on clinical evaluation and was defined by the Ann Arbor staging system. The 34 patients were treated according to the different risk factors in three treatment groups (standard, intermediate, and high risk), and received risk-adapted combination chemotherapy and IFRT. All analyses were calculated by the statistical program SPSS.

RESULTOf the 34 Hodgkin lymphoma patients, 28 were male and 6 were female. The median age was 8.7 years (range from 4 years to 15 years) at the time of diagnosis. In terms of clinical presentation, 53% had bulky lymph nodes, 47.1% had more than 4 node regions involved and 44% had "B" symptoms at presentation. The distribution for stage of disease was 0% for Stage I, 21% for Stage II, 35% for Stage III and 44% for Stage IV disease. All patients had classical histology consisting of three different sub-discipline: 22 cases of mixed cellularity (64.7%). In pathological samples of 25 cases there was EBV encoded RNA (EBER) or latent membrane protein (LMP) staining. The overall survival (OS) was 100% and the 5-year event-free survival was 94.1% with a median follow-up of (26.1 ± 16.3) months. Two patients had early relapse after treatment was finished. Organ toxicity was limited to hematological grades III and IV at rates of 40% and 71% respectively.

CONCLUSIONChildhood Hodgkin lymphoma in our study was more frequently seen in male school aged children. Combined-modality therapy using risk-adapted chemotherapy with radiation is effective and well tolerated. The overall prognosis was good.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Hodgkin Disease ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo observe amplitude changes of low frequency fluctuation in brain spontaneous nervous activities induced by needling at Hand Taiyin Lung Channel, and to preliminarily explore the possible brain function network of Hand Taiyin Lung Channel.

METHODSBy using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 16 healthy volunteers underwent resting-state scanning (R1) and scanning with retained acupuncture at Hand Taiyin Lung Channel (acupuncture, AP). Data of fMRI collected were statistically calculated using amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF).

RESULTSUnder R1 significantly enhanced ALFF occurred in right precuneus, left inferior parietal lobule, bilateral superior temporal gyrus, bilateral middle frontal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, left medial frontal gyrus. Under AP significantly enhanced ALFF occurred in right precuneus, bilateral superior frontal gyrus, cerebellum, bilateral middle frontal gyrus, right medial frontal gyrus, and so on. Compared with R1, needing at Hand Taiyin Lung Channel could significantly enhance ALFF in right gyrus subcallosum and right inferior frontal gyrus. Significant decreased ALFF appeared in right postcentral gyrus, left precuneus, left superior temporal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, and so on.

CONCLUSIONNeeding at Hand Taiyin Lung Channel could significantly change fixed activities of cerebral cortex, especially in right subcallosal gyrus, right inferior frontal gyrus, and so on.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Brain ; physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

OBJECTIVETo summarize the histological and clinical characteristics of 40 cases with Burkitt's and Burkitt-like lymphoma in children, to evaluate the effects of treatment with international regimen, and to explore the treatment-related complications and prognostic factors.

METHODSForty patients with Burkitt's and Burkitt-like lymphoma were registered in Beijing Children Hospital from Feb 2003 to Apr 2006. The diagnosis was confirmed by histology and immunohistochemistry of biopsy, and clinical staging by the examination of imaging, cerebrospinal fluid and bone marrow based on St. Jude system. Intensive, short-term chemotherapy witch was modified from LMB89 protocol was given to the patients.

RESULTSOf the 40 patients, 30 were diagnosed as Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) and 10 as Burkitt-like lymphoma (BLL). Antibody against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV-Ab) was positive in 19 cases at diagnosis, only 7 of the patients were positive for EBER. Thirty-three of the cases were male and 7 female (M:F = 4.7:1); the median age was 6 years 9 months. The most frequently seen clinical characteristics were abdominal masses and surgical abdomen. Nine cases were at stage I - II and 31 cases at stage III - IV at diagnosis; CNS was involved in 4 cases and bone marrow in 2 cases. The courses of treatment were approximately 2 - 8 months. All the patients were followed up, the median follow-up period was 22.6 months. After chemotherapy, 35 patients (88.7%) were still alive during the one-year follow-up. The 3-year event-free survival (EFS) rate was 81.8%. Major toxicity was myelosuppression and mucositis. Stage III to IV of myelosuppression occurred in the most patients with unresected tumor and CNS-involvement. Of 5 patients who died, 2 died of infection, 2 died of lymphoma progression during chemotherapy, and 1 died of relapse.

CONCLUSIONBurkitt's and Burkitt-like lymphoma are the most common NHL in children with rapid clinical process. Outcome was greatly improved by current intensive, short-term chemotherapy regimen, the 3-year EFS was 81.8% including the patients who were in advanced stage. Childhood lymphoma with short clinical history, stage IV and residual disease after 3 months of therapy are associated with poor prognosis.

Adolescent ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Burkitt Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prognosis ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of acupuncture at the whole points of Hand Jueyin pericardium meridian on the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) of healthy people in resting state (R1) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

METHODSTotally 16 healthy subjects received structure scan of T1 and T2. Then two fMRI scans were conducted for each participant. fMRI included the resting-state scan (R1; the scanning time was 8 min 6 s), the stimulating-acupoint scan (AP; the scanning time was 8 min 6 s). fMRI data acquisition from structure scanning and function scanning were processed with format conversion and statistical analysis.

RESULTSUnder R1 state, brain regions with activated ALFF signals included bilateral superior frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, precuneus, superior temporal gyrus, and cingulate gyrus. Under the AP state, brain regions with activated ALFF signals were bilateral superior frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, left fusiform gyrus, precuneus, posterior cingulate, and declivis. Compared with R1 state, obvious difference of ALFF signal areas of the brain caused by acupuncture at pericardium were: bilateral cuneus, precuneus, left posterior cingulate gyrus, right middle occipital gyrus, and right occipital lingual gyrus.

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture at the whole points of Hand Jueyin pericardium meridian could significantly change inherent activity states of the cerebral cortex, especially in bilateral superior frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, and precuneus.

Acupuncture ; Acupuncture Points ; Brain ; physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Pericardium

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical characteristics of childhood lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) and therapeutic efficacy of BCH-LBL-2003 regimen modified from BFM-90 protocol. The drug-related toxicities and prognostic factors were explored at the same time.

METHODSFrom Janurary 2003 to December 2009, 112 newly diagnosed LBL patients at the Hematology Center of Beijing Children's Hospital were enrolled in this study. The patients were treated with modified BFM-90-LBL protocol.

RESULTSAt a median follow-up of 29 months (1 to 90 months), the patients were evaluated on day 33 and at the end of induction therapy. The bone marrow complete remission (CR) rates were 96.4% and 100%, respectively. Meanwhile, the complete remission (CR) rates of tumor were 77.7% and 94.5%, and the partial remission (PR) rates were 22.3% and 5.5%, respectively. The overall response rate was 100%. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate was 89.1% and 5-year OS was 87.0%. The 3-year event-free survival (EFS) was 85.4% and 5-year EFS was 83.3%. Eleven cases relapsed during the treatment (4 BM relapses, 3 CNS recurrences, 3 primary site and 1 lymph node of neck and BM). Eleven patients died (3 died of infection and 8 died of progressive disease after relapse). All patients experienced grade 3-4 hematological toxicity. Univariate analysis indicated that lack of CR at the end of induction therapy, immunophenotype, bulky tumor and course of disease had prognostic significance.

CONCLUSIONSLymphoblastic lymphoma in childhood and adolescence is highly aggressive. BCH-LBL-2003 protocol is very effective. The treatment-associated side effects were tolerable. Patients who didn't get CR at the end of induction therapy, with T-cell immunophenotype, with bulky disease and the course of disease less than 30 days may have a poor prognosis.

Adolescent ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Bone Marrow ; pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Neoplasm Staging ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Remission Induction ; Survival Rate

Objective To investigate the molecular epidemiologic characteristics and genotypes of norovirus in children less than 5 years of age in Lulong area from 2008 to 2009.Methods 325 stool specimens and epidemiological data from hospitalized children with diarrhea less than 5 years of age were collected.Rotavirus was detected by using the ELISA kit.Norovirus,adenovirus and astrovirus were detected by multiple reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Partial norovirus strains were sequenced and the tree was conducted by using the phylogenetic analyses.Results Norovirus was detected in 37out of 325 (11.3％ ) specimens,ranked only second to rotavirus (48.6％),and higher than adenovirus (6.5 ％ ) and astrovirus (4.3％).Norovirus predominantly infected children less than 2 years of age and the season peak of norovirus occurred in November.Phylogenetic analysis showed that the predominant strain was the GⅡ.4/2006b variant.Interestingly,a novel unreported GⅡ-4 variant was found in this study.Conclusion Norovirus was one of the most important pathogens causing acute gastroenteritis from 2008 to 2009 in Lulong area.The GⅡ.4/2006b vairant was still the predominant strain.It is important to keep on monitoring the novel GⅡ.4 variant.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical features and treatment of severe pneumonia due to novel influenza A (H1N1) virus in children with lymphoma during chemotherapy.

METHODThe clinical manifestations, radiologic features, reasons of misdiagnosis, experiences in treatment and prognosis of 4 children with lymphoma complicated with pneumonia due to novel influenza A (H1N1) virus during chemotherapy were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTFour children out of the 54 patients with hematologic disorders who were receiving chemotherapy suffered from H1N1 influenza. Neutrophil counts were less than 0.5 × 10(9)/L in all 4 patients. The body temperature was higher than 39°C accompanied by chill and low blood pressure at the onset of the illness. Dyspnea and hypoxemia occurred quickly. Two of them developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). C-reactive protein (CRP) was higher than 50 mg/L in all these cases, and was higher than 200 mg/L in 2 cases. Chest X-ray showed that there were extensive infiltrations in several lung lobes in all the 4 patients. The first patient was misdiagnosed as sepsis at the beginning. The results of 17 blood cultures for the 4 patients were all negative. Fungi were found in 2 of 20 sputum cultures in 2 patients and these 2 patients had been considered as having fungal pneumonias. All the 4 patients were treated with oseltamivir phosphate. The oseltamivir treatment started on the 5(th) day in patient number 1, whereas on the 1(st) day in the other 3 patients. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) was used in all 4 patients. Methylprednisolone was used in 3 patients. After treatment, 2 died and 2 were improved.

CONCLUSIONThe children with lymphoma who undergo chemotherapy are prone to develop severe pneumonia during epidemics of influenza A H1N1. The pneumonia may be aggravated very quickly and have a higher mortality. The patients might be easily misdiagnosed as sepsis at early stage. The pneumonia may be misdiagnosed as fungal infection. During H1N1 prevalent season when high fever occurred, H1N1 infection should be considered. Early detection of the virus and use of oseltamivir phosphate and high-dose IVIG and methylprednisolone might reduce the mortality.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; complications ; virology ; Male ; Pneumonia, Viral ; complications ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical features of hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia (HAAA) in children.

METHODSThe clinical data of the children with newly diagnosed HAAA from January 2007 to December 2008 were respectively studied, including clinical manifestations, and blood routine, bone marrow examination, viral serology and immune function results as well as treatment and prognosis.

RESULTSA total of 8 children were confirmed as HAAA, accounting for 4.9% in children with aplastic anemia. There were 7 males and 1 female. The median age was 7.5 years (range 4.4 to 10.3 years) at diagnosis. They had negative serologic results and the causes of hepatitis could not be identified. The median interval from hepatitis occurrence to blood cell reduction was 6 weeks. Three cases were diagnosed as severe aplastic anemia and 5 cases as very severe aplastic anemia. Severe T cell immune disorders were found in all 8 cases. The percentage of Ts cells increased and the percentage of Th cells decreased significantly in the 8 children with HAAA. Four children survived after immune suppress treatment, three children died within one month after diagnosis and one child required own discharge without treatment.

CONCLUSIONSHAAA is more frequent in male school children. The children with HAAA have severe T cell immune disorders, with a higher early death rate. Immune suppress treatment is effective.

Anemia, Aplastic ; etiology ; immunology ; therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hepatitis ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Prognosis