Objective:To investigate the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on cognitive function in patients with chronic schizophrenia.Methods:100 cases patients with chronic schizophrenia weree selected.They were divided into rTMS stimulation group and pseudo stimulation group according to the random number table method,and each group include 50 cases.The positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Treatment Emergent Symptom scale (TESS) were used to assess the clinical symptoms and side effects before and after the treatment;The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Repeatable Neuropsychological State Measurement (RBANS) were used to assess the patients' cognitive function before and after treatment.Results:After treatment,the PANSS total score,the positive subscale score,the negative subscale score,the general psychopathological subscale score in the rTMS stimulation group were significantly reducing (P＜0.05),and significantly lower than those in the pseudo stimulation group (P＜0.05),but the TESS scores between the two groups did not differ significantly before and after treatment.The percentage of WCST in rTMS stimulation group was significantly higher than that in the pseudo stimulation group (P＜0.05),and the total time and wrong thinking time was shorter than that in the pseudo stimulation group (P＜0.05);The visual span and delayed memory performance of RBANS was significantly increased in the rTMS stimulation group (P＜0.05),and the visual span was significantly higher than that in the pseudo stimulus group (P＜0.05);There were 2 cases of patients with mild symptoms after the first treatment in RTMS stimulation group,all patients were without complaint followed up for 3 months.Conclusion:rTMS treatment on the part of the cognitive function of patients with chronic schizophrenia has a certain improvement effect,and higher security,it is worth further study.

Objective To analyze the stress distribution of calcaneus and talus with posterior facet after compression fracture during gait by finite element method. Methods A wedge was resected to simulate the malunion calcaneus with compression fracture of posterior facet. The Bo?hler’s angle was reduced from 35? to 10?. The calcaneus and talus malunion were used to simulate for three phases of the stance during the gait (heel strike, midstance, push off). A finite element solver to calculate. The results were compared with normal condition. Results The stress distribution within the bone in condition of malunion was obtained, and sites of enhanced stresses for three phases were located. The results were significantly different from that of normal condition. Conclusion The results revealed the importance of reconstruction of calcaneal structure and helped us understand the cause of sequela of calcaneal fractures

Objective To study whether solasodine hydrochloride (SBHL) could enhance the effect of arsenic trioxide in inducing apoptosis and affecting telomerase activity in cervical cancer HeLa cells. Methods Using cell culture methods, cervical cancer HeLa cells were cultured in vitro. The optimal concentration of SBHL was determined by MTT method from 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, to 320 μmol/L. HeLa cells were grown in improved RPMI1640 supplemented respectively with arsenic trioxide(5 μmol/L As2O3), As2O3(5 μmol/L)+ SBHL( 40 μmol/L) and none (control group). The growth morphology of HeLa cells was observed under phase contrast microscopy after culture for 24, 48, and 72 h. Apoptosis of HeLa cells was determined under transmission electronic microscopy. The method of MTT was used to study the cell survival percentage. The technique of flow cytometry was used to measure cell cycle and cell apoptosis percentage. The method of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (TRAP-ELISA) was used to determine telomerase activity of HeLa cells. Results Under phase contrast microscopy, in control group HeLa cells were round, densely packed; in As2O3 group the numbers of the cells were less, cell spacing increased; in As2O3 + SBHL group the cells shrinked significantly, nuclear fragmented as a petal-like, gap became larger. Under transmission electronic microscopy, there were rich microvillus on the cell surface in control group, cell intervals clear, immature connections, and the intervals did not close. The structure of the mitochondria in the cytoplasm was integrated. Most of the chromatin in the nucleus were, euchromatin and characteristics of apoptosis with heterochromatin increased and the chromatin condensed into masses, on the boundary of nuclear membrane. The microvillud on the cell surface were ruptured and decreased in As2O3 + SBHL group. The chromatin condensed into masses. The formation of apoptotic bodies was observed. The difference was statistically significant between groups in cell survival percentage at 24, 48, 72h(x2 = 10.39 , 13.88 , 17.21,respectively, all P < 0.05). Cell survival percentage in SBHL + As2O3 group (52.80%) was significantly less than that of As2O3 group(77.51%, x2 = 9.29, P < 0.05) at 72 h. In cell cycles, the difference was statistically significant between groups in C1 phase and S phase(F = 7.46,22.14, all P < 0.05), respectively. Compared with , control group[ (41.57 ± 1.56)%, (50.45 ± 2.37)%], cell percentages in S phase in As2O3 + SBHL group[(20.06 ± 4.98)%] and As2O3 group[(27.10 ± 5.32)%] were decreased(P< 0.05 or < 0.01), while cell percentage in C1 phase was increased[(58.70 ± 5.18)%, (69.67 ± 4.17)%, P< 0.05 or < 0.01]. The difference was statistically significant between groups in apoptotic percentage of HeLa cells (F = 4.01, P < 0.05). Compared with control group[ (1.18 ± 1.40)%], apoptosis percentage was significantly increased in As2O3 + SBHL group and As2O3 group [(21.08± 1.22)%, (6.04±2.53)%, P< 0.05 or < 0.01], respectively, and As2O3 + SBHL group was higher than As2O3 group(P < 0.01). The difference was statistically significant between groups in telomerase activity (F = 21.28, P< 0.05). Telomerase activity was inhibited in As2O3 group(1.214 ± 0.621) and As2O3A + SBHL group(0.865 ± 0.284) compared to control group (2.107 ± 0.057, all P < 0.05), and telomerase activity in As2O3 + SBHL group was lower than that of As2O3 group (P < 0.05). Conclusions SBHL enhances the effect of As2O3 in inducing apoptosis in HeLa cells, which is related to its inhibiting telomerase activity in HeLa cells.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy and safety of tripterygium glycosides combined with mizolastine in the treatment of dermatitis and eczema. METHODS:138 patients with dermatitis and eczema were randomly divided into control group (69 cases) and observation group (69 cases). Control group received Mizolastine sustained release tablet 10 mg,orally,once a day. Observation group additionally received Tripterygium glycosides tablet 20-30 mg,orally taking after a meal,3 times a day. All patients treated for 3 weeks,patients’life way remained unchanged during treatment. Clinical efficacy,total score of symptoms, IL-2,IL-6,CRP levels and the incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS:The total effective rate in observation group was significantly higher than control group,with significant difference (P<0.01). After treatment,the total score of symptoms,IL-2,IL-6,CRP levels in 2 groups were significantly lower than before,and observation group was lower than control group,with significant differences(P<0.05 or P<0.01). The incidence of adverse reactions in observation group was significantly lower than control group,with significant difference (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Tripterygium glycosides combined with mizolastine shows better efficacy than mizolastine alone in the treatment of dermatitis and eczema,with better safety.

Multilevel models are applicable to both the quantitative data and categorical variables. We used the methods, including the multilevel models, analysis of covariance and CMH chi-square test, to analyse different types of data, to explore the application of multilevel models in the analysis of the multicenter clinical trial center effect. The results showed that the analysis of covariance is more sensitive to find the center effect for quantitative data, while multilevel models are more sensitive to categorical variables. It can be seen that results with different analytical methods for center effect are not the same, and the most appropriate method should be selected in accordance with the characteristics of data, the objective of research, and the applicable conditions of the various methods in practical use.
Clinical Trials as Topic ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Research Design

BACKGROUND: Environment pollution due to lead is severe day by day,and the lead-induced developmental toxicity of central nervous system is prominent.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of lead at low exposure level on neurobehavioral function of preschool children and provide basis for preventing childhood behavior disorders.DESIGN: Sampling survey.SETTING: Department of Children and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Sun Yat-sen University.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 211 children of 4-6 years (109 boys and 102girls) were enrolled from a kindergarten of a populated area of Zhuhai City by randomized cluster sampling from September to October 2004.METHODS: 20 mL peripheral blood of finger tip was collected. Blood lead was determined with graphite stove atomic absorption spectrometry.According to the amount of blood lead, the children were divided into high blood lead exposure group (＞100μg/L) and low blood lead exposure group (＜100μg/L). Furthermore, they were also assigned into ＜50 μg/L group, 50μg/L- group, 100μg/L- group, 150 μg/L- group, 250- μg/L group. Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and self-designed questionnaire (composed of possibly effective factor on children's neurobehavioral function, such as age, sex, cultivation, family background and so on) were applied, filled by their parents under the instruction of professional staffs. Results and blood lead value were analyzed with first order correlation and multiple factors stepwise regressive analysis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Blood lead level and each factor scores of CBCL, ②correlation analysis between blood lead value and behavioral factor score.RESULTS: A total of 211 questionnaires were sent out, and 211 were retrieved with 211 effective questionnaires. The effective rate was 100%. ①Score on externalizing and behavioral disorder rate in the high blood lead exposure group (13.28±6.26,18.26%) was significantly higher than those in the low blood lead exposure group (9.98±5.46,7.29%)( t=4.067 7,χ2=5.470, P＜0.05). There was insignificant difference in score on internalizing and total score of CBCL between the low and high blood lead exposure groups. ②The behavioral disorder rate of different blood lead level had significance (χ2=13.695,P＜0.01). The behavioral disorder rate in blood lead ≥ 150 μg/L was obviously higher than that of the former 3groups after further pairwise comparison (χ2 were 4.727, 6.261, 5.168;4.503, 5.911, 4.928, P＜0.05), which revealed that the child behavioral disorder rate markedly increased when the blood lead was ≥ 150 μg/L.③Blood lead logarithm value had positive correlation with the scores on hyperactivity, aggression and defiance (r=0.316 4,0.282 8,0.188 6,P ＜0.05), and had no correlation with obesity, desintegration, truculence and sexual questionnaire (r=0.102 4,0.094 2,0.118 3,0.092 6,P ＞ 0.05). ④After the stepwise regression analysis, the scores on hyperactivity, aggression and defiance factors were included in the regression equation. The results suggested that the effect of lead on child externalizing behavior still remained, and kept statistical meaning after confounding factors, such as controlling family and society, etc.CONCLUSION: Low-level lead exposure has adverse effects on externalizing behavior in preschool children.

AIM: To improve the prevent efficacy of peptide p277 in autoimmune diabetes. METHODS: The recombinant expression plasmid pET28-Hsp65-6×p277 was constructed by inserting 6×p277 which were amplified by PCR into the vector pET28-Hsp65. The plasmid pET28-Hsp65-6×p277 was transformed into E.coli BL21 (DE3) and the fusion protein (Hsp65-6×p277) was expressed effectively as soluble protein after inducing by lactose. The fusion protein was purified and then used to immunize 4-week old female NOD mice with three times of i.n. inoculations in the absence of adjuvants. Serum samples from the immunized mice were collected at monthly interval. The concentrations of blood glucose and antibodies were measured by automatic analyzer. RESULTS: Administration with the Hsp65-6×p277 to NOD mice could prevent the development of diabetes. CONCLUSION: The fusion protein Hsp65-6×p277 might be further developed to a vaccine against insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Objective To evaluate the indications,method and prognosis of emergent hepateetomy and tran-scatheter arterial embolization(TAE) for spontaneous rupture of primary liver carcinoma(PLC). Methods Clinical data of 85 cases with PLC were analyzed. Patients were divided into four groups: the group of delayed hepatectomy (group A,n=30);the group of emergent transcatheter arterial embolization (group B,n=22);the group of emer-gent hepatectomy (group C, n=18) and the group of medical treatment (group D, n=15). The hemostasis achieve-ment ratio, operative complications, perioperative morbidity, 1-year and 3-year survival rates among the four groups were compared. Results In group A and B, celiac urteriogram in 52 cases showed that extravasation of contrast media happened in 14 cases (26.9%). The hemostasis achievement ratio was 100% (30/30, 22/22, 18/18) in group A,B and C,respectively,which was remarkably higher than that in group D(40%,6/15) (P<0.05);The in-hospital fatality was 0% (0/30),3.8% (2/52) and 16.7% (3/18),which was lower than that of group D(80.0%, 12/15) (P<0.01). The 1-year survival rate was 76.7% and 3-year survival rate of group A was 53.3%, which was higher than that of group B (45.5 % and 31.8 %) and group C (44.4% and 33.3 %) (P<0.05). The cases in group D did not survive one year(P<0.01). Conclusions Emergent hepatectomy and transcatheter arterial emboli-zation are safe and feasible for spontaneous rupture of primary hepatocellular carcinoma. For those with resectable ca-ses,surgical resection is the first choice after transcatheter arterial embolization.

Objective To discuss the significance of acoustic rhinometry(AR) and rhinomanometry(RM) in the evaluation of surgical treatment of nasal septal deviation.Methods Fifty-one patients of nasal septal deviation were recruited,and seventy-two nasal cavities were tested(twenty-one patients with narrowing of double sides).Visual analogue scale(VAS) was used to estimate the degree of nasal obstruction.AR and RM were used to obtain the data of nasal airway resistance(NAR),nasal cavity 0-5cm volume(NCV0-5) and nasal minimal cross-sectional area(NMCA).The data were used to assess the airflow function of nasal cavity.Each patient was tested at the time both before surgery and 12 weeks after surgery.The pre-and post operative data were used to calculate paired t-test by SPSS 16.0,and to disclose the correlation among ?NCV,?NMCA,?NAR and ?VAS.Results The preoperative data showed that NCV0-5 was 4.07?0.91cm3,NMCA 0.33?0.08cm2,NAR 1.14?0.34kPa?s?L-1,and VAS 7.36?1.23;and the postoperative data showed that NCV0-5 was 7.29?0.68cm3,NMCA 0.56?0.08cm2,NAR 0.35?0.12kPa?s?L-1,and VAS 1.14?0.91.Significant differences existed in NCV0-5,NMCA,NAR and VAS(P

Objective: To establish a method for the content determination of tannin in Nodus Nelumbinis Rhizomatis. Methods: The content of tannin in Nodus Nelumbinis Rhizomatis was detected by molybdophosphate colorimetric method. Results: The content of tannin in Nodus Nelumbinis Rhizomatis from different drugstores varied from 0.2537% to 1.637%. Conclusion: This method was simple, accurate and can be used for the quality control of Nodus Nelumbinis Rhizomatis.