Objective To compare the effect of low concentration versus ultra-low concentration of ropivacaine in combination with sufentanil delivered via programmed intermittent epidural bolus (PIEB) with patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) during labour on obstetric and anesthetic outcomes.Methods Seventy-six ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ nulliparous parturients who were at full term with a singleton fetus in vertex presentation were randomized to receive 0.1 ％ ropivacaine with 0.5 μg/mL sufentanil (Group L,38 cases) or 0.06％ ropivacaine with 0.5 μg/mL sufentanil (Group UL,38 cases).Another matched 76 cases of primiparas without labor analgesia (Group C) served as controls.For primiparas received analgesia,an epidural catheter was inserted when the cervical dilatation was up to 2-3 cm.The analgesia level was controlled below T8,and VAS score was controlled below 4.Thirty minutes after analgesia started,Group L and UL received PIEB with PCEA regimen including basal infusion of 8 mL/h of ropivacaine with sufentanil,patient-controlled bolus 6 mL and lockout interval 10 minutes.The duration of labor,delivery mode,Apgar score,VAS score and anesthetic drug consumption of each group were recorded.Results The second stage of labor were not statistically different between Group UL and C.The second stage of Group L was longer than that of Group C (P＜0.05).Furthermore,with similar performance in pain score and satisfactory level at each time point,Group UL consumed much less ropivacaine than Group L (P＜0.05).The cesarean section rate,instrumental delivery rate and the Apgar score were not significantly different among the 3 groups.Conclusions While using PIEB with PCEA,0.06％ ropivacaine was capable of providing satisfactory analgesia effects for primipara and has less effects on the obstetric outcome.Therefore,it could be recommended for labour analgesia.

Objective To study the effects of As_2O_3 on tumor model of hepatocarcinoma.Methods HepAgrafed hepatocarcinoma mouse model was established by subcutaneously injection of mouse hepatoma cells(1×10~6)into the oxter of mice.After treated by As_2O_3,the volume change of tumor and tumor inhibition rates were observed.The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) was detected by immunohistochemical and calculated the difference of MVD.Results The volume of tumor and the tumor inhibition rates were significantly decreased in As_2O_3 group compared with control group(P<0.05).The As_2O_3 could inhibit angiogenesis of xenograft tumor,depress expression of VEGF and decrease microvascular density(MVD).Conclusion As_2O_3 can inhibit the growth of tumor,inhibit the expression of VEGF and decrease MVD.

0.05) ;incidence of aleucocytosis was 43.3% vs.27.5%(P

AIM: To investigate the expression of stem cell factor (SCF) in tryptase -positive mast cells ( MCs) in different types of human periapical diseases for determining the role of SCF and MCs in the pathogenesis of peria-pical diseases.METHODS: A total 50 cases of specimens were involved in this study, including healthy control (n=20), periapical cyst (n=15) and periapical granuloma (n=15).The tissue material was fixed in 10%formalin for at least 48 h, stained with hematoxylin and eosin for the observation of histopathology, stained with immunohistochemistry for identifying MCs and MCs degranulation, and stained with double immunofluorescence for identification of tryptase-SCF double positive MCs.RESULTS:Compared with healthy control, significantly higher densities of both total and degranu-lated MCs in human periapical lesions were observed.The densities of both total and degranulated MCs in the periapical cyst were significantly higher than that in the periapical granuloma.The density of tryptase-SCF double positive MCs in the periapical lesions was significantly higher than that in the healthy controls.The density oftryptase-SCF double positive MCs in the periapical cyst was significantly higher than that in periapical granuloma.No significant difference in the density of MCs between immunohistochemistry staining and double immunofluorescence staining was observed.CONCLUSION:The tryptase-SCF double positive MCs play an active role in the pathogenesis of the periapical inflammatory lesions, particularly in the formation of fibrous tissue in periapical cyst.The potential role of the tryptase-SCF double positive MCs relates with the initiation, development, and persistence of the periapical inflammatory process.

Objective:To observe autophagy induced by aminophylline in human peripheral blood T lymphocytes.Methods:Peripheral blood T lymphocytes from health adults were separated with Percoll(1.073 g/ml) and harvested by using nylon column.The cultured cells were divided into control group,aminophylline group(10-8～10-3mol/L,or 0.001 8～180 ?g/ml)and dexamethasone(DXM) group,and the rates of autophagy and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry.Results:①The purities of T lymphocyte were 81.3%～94.5%。②In control group for 72 h cultivation,the autophagic rate of T lymphocytes was significantly lower than those of 10-5～10-3mol/L aminophylline group(P0.05);In 10-5mol/L aminophylline group,the autophagic rate of different T lymphocyte density after cultivation(0,24,48,72 h) had a tendency of increase along with time lasting and decrease of cell density,but the difference did not show significance.③There was significant statistic difference in incidence rate of apoptotic T lymphocytes between control and DXM group in 72 h cultivation(P=0.000);But there was no significant statistic difference in the rate of autophagic(P=0.481).Conclusion:10-3～10-5mol/L aminophylline can induce autophagy in peripheral blood T lymphocytes,10-3～10-8mol/L aminophylline could induce both autophagy and apoptosis,and there is no significant correlation between autophagy and apoptosis;DXM can induce apoptosis in peripheral blood T lymphocytes,which indicates different programmed cell death of T lymphocytes could be induced by different medicines.

Objective To know the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Yangpu District and provide evidence for specific strategies and measures of hand-foot-mouth disease activity prevention and control. Methods Descriptive analysis of the data from hand-foot-mouth disease epidemic situation in Yangpu District from 2005 to 2008 was made. Results 1 348 cases were reported in the whole Yangpu District from 2005 to 2008, and no severe cases, no death. The average morbidity in Yangpu District was 27.48/100 000. The male to female ratio was 1.46∶1. The infection occurred to infants aged from 1 year to 5 years (85.39%). The incidence of the native population children aged 2 to 3 exceeded 10/100 000. The season peak appeared from May to July (70.18%), and outbreaks used to occur at nurseries and kindergartens. The typical clinical presentations mainly included fever and rash. The rash mainly occurred to hands, feet, mouth, buttocks and so on. Conclusions Incidence varied significantly between different sexes, seasons and ages. It can cause large-scale epidemic in a short period of time, the epidemic was very difficult to control, but the leaders attach importance to take the early warning and monitoring, accuratey deal with emergencies, health education promotion and training of comprehensive measures, the epidemic can be effectively controlled.

Objectives:To compare the feasibility, complications and advantages of the nose intestine tube and the jejunostic tube in early enteral nutrition after gastrointestinal operation. Methods:55 postoprative patients were divided into three groups. The nose intestine tube group(A group, n =20) and the jejunostic tube group(B group, n =19)received the enteral nutrition(Nutrison Fibre) enterally for 7 days and the conrtrol group(C group, n =16)received intravenous isotonic glucose solution and oral liquid diet after the bowel movement recovery,The blood glucose, the function of liver and kidney, electrolytes and nutritional status were observed. The recovery of bowel movement and other digestive symptoms such as abdominal pain, distention,diarrhea,nausea and vomiting were observed during the period of study. Some complications such as acute intestinal obstruction,pnumonia and rhinolaryngitis were observed during the period of study. Results:The time for placing the jejunostic tube was faster than that for placing the nose intestine tube( P

BACKGROUND: Previously, there are some researches on studying the effects of hypoxia or hypothermia singly. Nowadays, study on the synthetic action of hypoxia and hypothermia has been attached widely importance.OBJECTIVE: To explore the combination effects of acute hypothermia and hypoxia on superoxide dismutase(SOD) and malondialdehyde in normal rabbits and rabbits with myocardial ischemia.DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial.SETTING, MATERIALS and INTERVENTIONS: Experimental site:Physiological Laboratory of Youjiang Ethnic Medical College. A total of 32 healthy rabbits weighed between 1.8to 2.5 kg were chosen. They were randomly divided into 4 groups each with 8 rabbits: normal group, hypothermia and hypoxia group, ischemic group with normal temperature and oxygen,ischemic group with hypothermia and hypoxia. Normal rabbits and ischemic rabbits were put in fridge at low temperature( -10 ± 2) ℃ and low oxygen (oxygen content of 8.5% ) for one hour and tested activity of SOD and concentration of malondialdehyde in serum.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison of serum SOD and malondialdehyde between normal rabbits and myocardial ischemic rabbits under the acute hypothermia and hypoxia conditions.RESULTS: The SOD level of rabbits in hypothermia and hypoxia group [(371.04 ± 29.96) kNU/L] was much lower than that of normal temperature and oxygen group[ (424.09 ± 22.59) kNU/L] ( t = 5.21, P < 0.01) while the content of malondialdehyde[ (5.58 ± 0. 44) μ mol/L] was greater than that of normal group[ (4.44 ± 1.11) μ mol/L] ( t = 3.21, P < 0.05) . In myocardial ischemia group with hypothermia and hypoxia, SOD was greatly lower than that of myocardial ischemia group with normal temperature and oxygen(t=4.37, P < 0.01) while the malondialdehyde was greatly higher than that of ischemic group with normal temperature and oxygen group(t=2.94, P <0.05).CONCLUSION: The combined effects of acute hypothermia and hypoxia will aggravate the damage to body.

In the face of escalating problems with pathogen control, the development of proper formulations of existing antibiotics is as important as the development of novel antibiotics. Daptomycin is a lipopeptide antibiotic with potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Currently, only injectable solution of daptomycin has been approved for clinical use. In the present study, the formulation of PEGylated liposomal daptomycin (PLD) was prepared and optimized, and its efficacy against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA252) strains was investigated. The obtained PLD had a mean vesicle diameter of (111.5 +/- 15.4) nm and a mean percent drug loading of (5.81 +/- 0.19) % with high storage stability. Potent activity of PLD against MRSA was demonstrated in vitro with a more sustained effect than that of conventional liposomal daptomycin and daptomycin solution. In addition, intravenous administration of a single dose (equal to human use) of PLD significantly increased the survival of mice in a MRSA252 systemic infection model compared with other formulations. Drug distribution in the lung was significantly enhanced following administration of PLD, and no measurable tissue lesions or pathological changes were detected during PLD treatment. Taken together, PEGylated liposomes loaded with daptomycin may represent a promising approach to reduce MRSA252 infections, especially those involving bloodstream dissemination, such as hematogenous pulmonary infection.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Daptomycin ; pharmacology ; Liposomes ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; drug effects ; Mice ; Staphylococcal Infections ; drug therapy

Objective To investigate the genotype and variance of toxin associated genes of moxifloxacin‐resistant Clostridium difficile clinical isolates in Sydney .Methods Twenty‐two moxifloxacin‐resistant Clostridium difficile clinical isolates were collected from Sydney ,which were genotyped by using sequencer capillary gel electrophoresis based PCR‐ribotyping ,and toxin A and B cod‐ing gene tcdA and tcdB ,and binary toxin coding gene cdtA and cdtB were detected by using PCR method .Toxin regulator gene tc‐dC was analyzed by using PCR‐sequencing ,and was aligned with reference sequence of VPI 10463 (Genbank accession number :X92982) ,and the tcdC sequence types of all 22 isolates were identified by using blast tool in NCBI .Results Twenty‐one isolates were genotyped as hypervirulent PCR‐ribotypes 027 (RT027) ,and one isolate as RT078 ;all 22 isolates contained tcdA and tcdB for toxin A and B and cdtA and cdtB for binary toxin (tcdA+ tcdB+ cdtA+ cdtB+ ) .The tcdC sequence types of the 21 RT027 i‐solates belong to sc1 ,and that of the one RT078 isolate belongs to WA39 .Compared with tcdC reference sequence of VPI 10463 ,a consecutive 18 bp deletion (nt341 to 379) and one nucleotide deletion at position 117 were found in the 21 RT027 isolates ,and a consecutive 39 bp deletion (nt330 to 368) and one nucleotide mutation at position 184(C> T) were found in the one RT078 isolate . Conclusion Clostridium difficile hypervirulent RT027 was the common moxifloxacin resistant genotype ;Clostridium difficile hy‐pervirulent RT027 and RT078 clinical isolates contained genes for toxin A and B and binary toxin ,and contained gene sequence mu‐tation in toxin regulator gene tcdC .