Despite the immense achievement in the field of IVF in recent years, many patients still suffer from recurrent implantation failure. Therefore, much attention has been drawn to its etiology and treatment. Chromosomal abnormality, sperm DNA damage, zona hardening, and inappropriate culture conditions are important factors that lead to recurrent implantation failure. Results of studies suggest that preimplantation genetic screening does not improve the rate of implantation or live birth. Comparative genomic hybridization array and single nucleotide polymorphism array could offer a more comprehensive screening of chromosomes. Assisted hatching may help to solve the problem of zona hardening in some situations. Co-culture and blastocyst transfer could be conducive to the improvement of the rates of implantation and pregnancy. Cytoplasmic transfer may give a solution to ooplasmic composition anomalies.
Chromosome Aberrations ; Coculture Techniques ; Embryo Implantation ; Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Germ Cells ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Preimplantation Diagnosis ; Treatment Failure

0.05); the levels of LL, LI, RRS in CBA group and CBA+IBT group were significantly lower than those in control group(P

OBJECTIVETo observe amplitude changes of low frequency fluctuation in brain spontaneous nervous activities induced by needling at Hand Taiyin Lung Channel, and to preliminarily explore the possible brain function network of Hand Taiyin Lung Channel.

METHODSBy using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 16 healthy volunteers underwent resting-state scanning (R1) and scanning with retained acupuncture at Hand Taiyin Lung Channel (acupuncture, AP). Data of fMRI collected were statistically calculated using amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF).

RESULTSUnder R1 significantly enhanced ALFF occurred in right precuneus, left inferior parietal lobule, bilateral superior temporal gyrus, bilateral middle frontal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, left medial frontal gyrus. Under AP significantly enhanced ALFF occurred in right precuneus, bilateral superior frontal gyrus, cerebellum, bilateral middle frontal gyrus, right medial frontal gyrus, and so on. Compared with R1, needing at Hand Taiyin Lung Channel could significantly enhance ALFF in right gyrus subcallosum and right inferior frontal gyrus. Significant decreased ALFF appeared in right postcentral gyrus, left precuneus, left superior temporal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, and so on.

CONCLUSIONNeeding at Hand Taiyin Lung Channel could significantly change fixed activities of cerebral cortex, especially in right subcallosal gyrus, right inferior frontal gyrus, and so on.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Brain ; physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

To investigate the optimum harvesting time and utilization of mulberry leaves during different growth periods based on the content of alkaloids and flavonoids, 88 samples of 11 species of mulberry leaves were collected and analyzed. UPLC-TQ/MS method was applied and the results showed that the ingredients of alkaloids and flavonoids in mulberry leaves are quite different in different growth periods and different species. There was a sharp decline of the average content of alkaloids in all samples from October, while the content of flavonoids dropped either from October but with less volatile. The content of flavonoids in M. atropurpurea was much higher than alkaloids, while M. australis was opposite completely. There was a sharp decline of alkaloids in M. cathayana and M. mongolica from Tuly to August, however, the content of alkaloids and flavonoids in M. alba is neither too high nor too low. In summary, it is more suitable to harvest tender mulberry leaves harvested from the end of September to beginning of October that provide a scientific evidence for rational harvest and comprehensive utilization of mulberry leaves.
Alkaloids ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Stability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Mass Spectrometry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Morus ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; Reproducibility of Results ; Seasons

This study was purposed to investigate the relationship between expression of the FANCG gene and adult sporadic acute myeloid leukemia (AML), real-time PCR with SYBR Green I technique was used for detecting FANCG gene expression level in bone marrow mononuclear cells of 54 newly diagnosed AML patients, 46 AML patients in complete remission (CR) and 36 control samples. β-actin gene was used as internal reference. Relative changes of FANCG gene expression level were detected by 2(-ΔΔCT) method in newly diagnosed AML patients and control samples, in newly diagnosed AML and patient in CR, as well as in AML patients in CR and control samples. The results showed that the relative expression level of FANCG mRNA was 0.56 ± 0.27 in newly diagnosed group, 0.75 ± 0.54 in AML CR group, and 0.85 ± 0.45 in control group. The expression level of FANCG mRNA in newly diagnosed group was significantly lower than that in control and AML CR groups (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant deference in comparison of AML CR group with the control group (P > 0.05). It is concluded that the expression of FANCG gene decrease in the newly diagnosed AML patients. There is no significant difference between AML CR group and control group, which indicated that FANCG gene may be related with the onset and the prognosis of AML, and may provide a clinical value for evaluating effect of chemotherapy.
Adult ; Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group G Protein ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; genetics ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of intestinal microflora alteration on specific and nonspecific immune function and hematopoietic function of mice.

METHODSSixty BALB/C mice were divided at random into two groups, experimental group and control group, with 30 mice in each. The mice in the experimental group were given kanamycin 50 mg while those in the control group were given distilled water intragastrically everyday for consecutive 10 days. After the 10 day treatment all the mice were sacrificed, and the cecal contents were collected for quantitative analysis of the intestinal bacterial flora. Certain indexes of immune function, including phagocytosis rate of macrophages, number of T lymphocytes positively stained by esterase and serum interleukin 2 (IL-2) content, and the weight of the spleen, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor etc. as indexes of hematopoietic function were determined.

RESULTSIn the group, the quantity of Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.01). The number of PFC (plaque forming cells), the phagocytosis rate of macrophage, the number of T lymphocytes with positive NANE staining, the level of IL-2 significantly decreased when compared with that in the control group (P < 0.01). The weight of the spleen in the experimental group decreased when compared with that in the control group (P < 0.01). Levels of IL-3, GM-CSF, the total number of WBC and the proportion of neutrophil remarkably decreased as compared to that in the control group (P < 0.01). Analysis of the correlations between normal microflora, immunologic and hematopoietic indexes showed that marked positive correlations between the quantity of Bifidobacteria and each immune index including the levels of IL-3 and GM-CSF. There was a positive correlation between IL-2 and IL-3, IL-2 and GM-CSF as well.

CONCLUSIONThe application of antibiotics may cause changes in the structure and quantity of intestinal microflora. The dysbacteriosis may decrease the immune function of organism. The dysbacteriosis may decrease the hemopoietic function. The dysbacteriosis, the decrease in immune and hematopoietic function may affect one another. The balance in microecosystem should be emphasized and antibiotics should be applied rationally to reduce the side effects such as dysbacteriosis.

Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Esterases ; biosynthesis ; Feces ; microbiology ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; analysis ; Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Intestines ; drug effects ; microbiology ; Kanamycin ; pharmacology ; Macrophages ; drug effects ; physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Models, Animal ; Organ Size ; Phagocytosis ; drug effects ; Spleen ; drug effects ; pathology ; T-Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism

A new viral sampling concentration device was designed which was equipped with a new cationic filter membrane-Nanoceram suitable for field sampling. Norovirus Genegroup II was detected from environmental water with the aid of this device. The effects on virus recovery of prefiltration, various second-concentration methods, and different eluants were investigated through pre-experiment. The concentration optimized process, and the optimal concentration process were then determined. The results showed that the prefiltration had a profound effect on virus recovery, and two second-concentration method: PEG-NaC1 precipitation and celite adsorption, had almost the same concentration effects. The Na2 HPO4 solution of 0.15 mol/L was selected as the final eluant to elute the adsorbed Nuorovirus from the celite. The virus recovery of Nanoceram was determined to be 3.02%. Finally, successful detection of Norovirus GII in sewage from Yangqiao River, Fengtai District, Beijing was acheived. All these data had shown that the Naneceram filter concentration method could concentrate Norovirus from environmental water with a steady effects.
Filtration ; instrumentation ; methods ; Fractional Precipitation ; instrumentation ; methods ; Genotype ; Norovirus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Rivers ; virology ; Water Microbiology

OBJECTIVETo identify potential miRNA involved in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) invasion and metastasis.

METHODSmiRNA microarray was applied to compare the miRNA expression profile between SKOV-3ip and SKOV-3 cells. Bioinformatics programs (TargetScan, MicroCosm, PicTar and GO) were used to analyze the miRNA and their potential target genes. Real-time RT-PCR was used to confirm the results of microarray and for expanding detection in another paired EOC cell lines (HO-8910 and HO-8910PM).

RESULTSTotally, expressions of 42 miRNA were found significantly different between SKOV-3ip and SKOV-3 cells. Among them, 10 miRNA were down-regulated, including let-7a, let-7f, miR-22 and miR-886-5p; while 32 were up-regulated, for example, let-7e and miR-519e. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that let-7a, let-7e, let-7f, miR-22 and miR-886-5p may be involved in cancer invasion and metastasis. Meanwhile, real-time RT-PCR confirmation and statistic analysis showed that let-7f and miR-22 expressions were significantly different between ovarian cancer cell lines with various invasive and metastatic capacity (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe expression of let-7f and miR-22 is low in ovarian cancer cells with high invasive and metastatic capacity. It suggests that they are potential tumor suppressor genes. Further research on their role and mechanism is needed.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; metabolism ; Microarray Analysis ; methods ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo compare the pituitary down-regulatory effects of the two gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists Alarelin and Triptorelin in the long protocol of ovulation induction in in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET).

METHODSWe included in this study 122 patients aged 24-39 years treated by IVF-ET for secondary infertility, with 10-20 pre-antral follicles and obstruction of the fallopian tube. Seventy-eight of them received Alarelin, and the other 44 Triptorelin. Comparative analyses were made on the pituitary down-regulatory effects of the two gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists and the clinical outcomes of IVF-ET.

RESULTSNo premature LH surge and ovulation, nor severe hyperovarian stimulation syndrome was found in either group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the mean dose and duration of gonodatropin treatment, the numbers of oocytes retrieved, mature oocytes and top-quality embryos, and the rates of 2PN, multi-sperm fertilization, cleavage, embryo transfer, embryo implantation, clinical pregnancy and early miscarriage (P > 0.05), but the rate of cancelled cycles was significantly higher in the Triptorelin than in the Alarelin group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAlarelin and Triptorelin can achieve similar pituitary down-regulatory effects and clinical outcomes in IVF-ET when used in the long protocol of ovulation induction.

Adult ; Embryo Transfer ; methods ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; methods ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; agonists ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Infertility, Female ; therapy ; Ovulation Induction ; methods ; Pituitary Gland ; drug effects ; Triptorelin Pamoate ; pharmacology

We tried to construct and identify the recombinant replication-deficient adenovirus vector coding for human tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (hTFPI-2) gene by AdMax system in HEK293 cells. Firstly, we obtained hTFPI-2 gene from the recombinant plasmid pIRES2-EGFP-TFPI-2 by PCR using primers with restriction endonuclease site of EcoRI or SacI. After digesting the hTFPI-2 gene and plasmid PDC316-IRES-EGFP shuttle vector, we ligated them with T4 ligase and formed the recombinant shuttle vector PDC316-IRES-EGFP-hTFPI-2. It was confirmed that the ligation product was inserted the gene of hTFPI-2 correctly by sequencing. Then we took cotransfection of HEK293 cells with the recombinant shuttle vector and genomic plasmid pBHGloxdeltaE1,3Cre by liposome lipofectamine2000, and finished the package of recombinant adenovirus Ad-hTFPI-2. The results of the PCR test and restriction endonuclease digestion confirmed the successful construction of the recombinants Ad-hTFPI-2. Furthermore, we measured the titre of Ad-hTFPI-2 with the aid of green fluorescence protein expression after multiplication and purification. The titre was 0.931 x 10(12) pfu/ml. Finally, we infected U937 monocytes by purified Ad-hTFPI-2, and determined the infection efficiency and the TFPI-2's level and activity. The efficiency of Ad-hTFPI-2 infection in U937 cells was 89.33%. After infected by Ad-hTFPI-2, the TFPI-2's level in supernatant increased about 7 fold. Also the TFPI-2 in supernatant had activities of inhibiting trypsin and plasmin. The recombinant adenovirus with the hTFPI-2 gene was constructed successfully. It will be helpful for the further investigation of its potentiality to be applied in antiatherosclerosis.
Adenoviridae ; genetics ; metabolism ; Defective Viruses ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Glycoproteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Humans ; Monocytes ; metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Transfection ; U937 Cells