Objective To observe the effect of high-dose leucovorin(LV)plus 5-fluorouracil(5-Fu)for 48hours infusion in combination with cisplatin(DDP)in treatment of advanced esophageal cancer.Methods Pathological diagnosis of esophageal cancer 60 cases were randomly divided into treatment group of 30 patients,using DDP 25mg/m2 intravenous infusion 30 minutes,d1～3,LV 200mg/m2 intravenous infusion 2 hours,5-Fu 0.5 intravenous injection 10 minutes,and 5-Fu 2.5/m2,continuous infusion with the infusion pump for 48 hours every 21 days,2 cycles of assessment of efficacy.Control group of 30 patients,using DDP 25mg/m2 intravenous infusion 30 minutes,d1～3,LV 60mg/m2 intravenously two hours,d1～5,5-Fu 500mg/m2 intravenously 8 hours every 21 days,2 cycles of assessment of efficacy.Results Short-term effect,treatment group,complete remission(CR)1 patient and partial remission(PR)15 cases,stable(SD)9 cases,progress(PD)5 cases,the total effective rate of CR + PR53.3％(16/30).Control group,PR 11 patients,SD 11 cases,PD 8 cases,no cases of PR,the total effective rate 36.7 ％(11/30).Nausea,vomiting,oral mucositis,bone marrow suppression,diarrhea and hair loss were the main adverse reactions.Two groups are able to withstand,without any Ⅳ toxicities,myelosuppression was significant in control group than the treatment group.Conclusion High-dose LV + 5-Fu 48 hours infusion combined platinum-term efficacy in treatment of advanced esophageal cancer compared with conventional DF program is good,less adverse reactions,should further expand the study.

Objective To characterize the properties of human immunodeficiency virus-1-(HIV-1)specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL)responses,and to analyze the factors which may affect CTL responses before and after treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART)in children with chronic HIV-1 infection.Methods A total of 24 HIV-1-infected children were studied.Circulating CD4 T cell counts and HIV-1 RNA levels were routinely measured.Peripheral HIV-1-specific CTL frequency and the specific interferon-?-producing lymphocytes were determined by tetramer staining and enzyme-linked immunospot(ELISPOT)assay,respectively.Results It was found that HIV-1-specific CTL responses could be detected in vitro in more than 80% of Chinese children with HIV-1 infection.Circulating CTL frequency and IFN-?-producing lymphocyte counts were significantly reduced in HAART suppressed HIV-1 infected children in comparison with HAART failure children and HAART na?ve children.The duration of virus suppression after HAART was found to be inversely correlated with CTL frequency.Conclusion HIV-1-specific CTL response to virus was warranted by antigenic stimulation.The present work may elucidate the immune mechanisms influencing the outcome of HIV-1 carriers with treatment of HAART.

Objective To compare the proportion of CD3~+T cell and CD4~+CD25~(high) regulatory T cell (Treg cell) and the production of inferon γ ( IFN-γ) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) between patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and healthy people, and to analyze the changes of CD3~+T cell, CD4~+CD25~(high)Treg cell, IFN-γ and IL-12 of NSCLC patients before and after chemotherapy, so as to determine immune function changes of NSCLC patients caused by chemotherapy. Methods Twenty NSCLC patients and 20 healthy volunteers according to the including criteria were selected. Three mL of blood was drawn from NSCLC patients before chemotherapy (0 d), on the 3~(rd) day (3 d) and 7~(th) day (7 d) after chemotherapy. PBMC cells were separated from the blood samples. The proportions of CD4~+CD25~(high)Treg cell and CD3~+T cell (%) in PBMC were tested by FACS, and the IFN-γ and IL-12 (pg/mL) in the supernatants were also detected. Results The proportions of CD3~+T cell in NSCLC patients on 0, 3 and 7 d were (55.15±20.11)%,(57.73±14.08)% and (62.79±7.80)%,respectively, and there was no statistical difference between any two of these results. The proportion of CD4~+CD25~(high)Treg cell in healthy volunteers was (2.14±0.85)%, while that of NSCLC patients was (2.76±0.53)% on 0 d with statistical difference compared to the healthy volunteers (P<0.05). The CD4~+CD25~(high)Treg cell proportion (%) of NSCLC patients on 3 d and 7 d were (2.54±0.57)% and (2.72±0.29)%, respectively, which were both significantly lower than that of 0 d. On 3 d it was even much lower than that on 7 d (P<0.05). IFN-γ and IL-12 of NSCLC patients on 0 d were (34.36±4.38) pg/mL and (33.24±4.36) pg/mL, and no statistical difference was observed when compared with (34.36±4.38) pg/mL and (33.24±4.36) pg/mL in the healthy volunteers. On 3 d and 7 d, IFN-γ of NSCLC patients were (40.42±5.66) pg/mL and (39.27±6.07) pg/mL, respectively, and both were higher than that on 0 d (P<0.05); IL-12 of NSCLC patients were (35.51±5.03) pg/mL and (38.62±6.44) pg/mL, also both were higher than that on 0 d (P<0.05). Conclusions This study suggests that chemotherapy can improve immune functions of NSCLC patients, and may reinforce the anti-tumor immune response.

Objective To construct the targeting vector for conditional gene knockout of sex hormone?binding globulin(Shbg)in mice. Methods Based on Red/ET,two LoxP were inserted into both sides of extron 4 and extron 7 for conditional gene knockout of murine Shbg. Firstly,the Shbg gene and its upstream,downstream genes obtained from BAC DNA by PCR were cloned into plasmid pBR322?MK,which was named pBR322?MK?AB. The retrieve plasmid(pBR322?Shbg?Re)was obtained by homologous recombination between the plasmid and BAC.Then a great quantity of Neo fragments obtained from PL452 and PL451 were inserted into the targeting vector after another round of Red/ET and then the final targeting vec?tor(pBR322?MK?SHBG?cko)was achieved. Results The correct structures of the targeting vectors such as pBR322?MK?AB,pBR322?Shbg?Re, SHBG?Ln and pBR322?MK?Shbg?cko were confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing analysis. Conclusion The targeting vector for conditional knockout of murine SHBG was successfully constructed. The construction of targeting vector paved the way for conditional knockout mouse strain generated by targeted mutation of Shbg.

Objective To study the expression of sex hormone-binding globulin(SHBG),insulin signaling pathway and glucose transporter in placenta of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM),and to explore its role in the pathogenesis of GDM. Methods A total of 10 full-term and non-obese(BMI<25 kg/m2)pregnancy women diagnosed with GDM and 10 normal pregnant cases were recruited for the study. Placental tissues were collected respectively. The expression of protein and mRNA of SHBG and insulin signal transduction(IRS-1,ISR-2,PI3K p85α)and glucose transporter proteins(GLUT-1,GLUT-3,GLUT-4)in placental tissue were detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Pearson and linear regression analysis were used to evaluate the correlation among the related indicators. Results In the placental tissue of non-obese women,there existed a decrease(P<0.05)in the expression of protein and mRNA of SHBG with a concurrent a decrease(P<0.05)in the expression of protein and mRNA of GLUT-4 in GDM women compared with normal controls. Furthermore ,a decrease(P<0.05)of GLUT-3 and IRS-1 protein expression with lower(P<0.05)IRS-2 mRNA expression was also observed in placental tissue from GDM patients. No changes were found in PI3K p85α and GLUT-1 at both protein and mRNA levels(P>0.05). Results of linear correlation analysis showed that there were positive correlations between SHBG mRNA and IRS-2 mRNA(P<0.05),SHBG mRNA and PI3K p85α mRNA(P<0.05),and SHBG mRNA and GLUT-4 mRNA(P<0.05). There was also a remarkable positive correlation between IRS-2 mRNA and GLUT-4 mRNA(P<0.01). There existed negative correlations between IRS-1 mRNA and PI3K p85α mRNA(P<0.05),and IRS-1 mRNA and GLUT-3 mRNA(P<0.05). There existed a remarkable positive correlation between IRS-2 mRNA and GLUT-1 mRNA(P<0.01). Conclusion The defective receptors of insulin signaling pathway are present in GDM placental tissue. Decreased expression of SHBG may be involved in the regulation insulin signaling ,leading to a concomitant decrease expression of relevant insulin signaling components in placental tissue ,implying insulin resistance and developing GDM finally.

Objective To explore the roles of follicular helper T cells (Tfh) in the pathogenesis of pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid (BP).Methods Venous blood was collected from 20 patients (including 10 cases of pemphigus and 10 cases of BP) and 20 age- and sex-matched normal human controls.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure the levels of serum interleukin (IL)-21 and anti-BP180-NC16A antibody,and flow cytometry to detect the percentage of Tfh in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).The relationship of anti-BP180-NC16A antibody titer to Tfh and IL-21 levels was assessed by linear correlation analysis.Results The serum IL-21 level and Tfh percentage in PBMCs were significantly higher in patients with pemphigus than in the normal controls (95.33 ± 33.69 vs.54.50 ± 18.13 pg/ml,t =3.38,P＜ 0.01;12.08％ ± 4.74％ vs.6.15％ ± 1.62％,t =3.74,P ＜ 0.01),and higher in patients with BP than in the normal controls ( 106.70 ± 44.91 vs.55.37 ± 15.89 pg/ml,t =3.41,P ＜ 0.01; 11.85％ ± 3.14％ vs.6.03％ ± 1.74％,t =5.13,P ＜ 0.01 ).The titer of anti-BP180-NC 16A antibody was positively correlated with the percentage of Tfh (r =0.67,P＜ 0.05) and serum level of IL-21 (r=0.77,P＜ 0.01) in patients with BP.Conclusions There is a significant increase in the percentage of Tfh and serum level of IL-21 in patients with pemphigus and BP,hinting a certain role of Tfh and IL-21 in the pathogenesis of pemphigus and BP.

The paper discusses the feasibility and urgency of building the military syndromic surveillance system ( SSS) against biological threats in China .Based on the external environment and necessary conditions for our military SSS , the study proposeds a strategic construction plan for implementing our military biodefense SSS , involving the function objectives and performance indexes , system principles and framework , functional modules , syndromic classification and task flow analysis.

Objective To explore clinical significance of immunoglobulin G(IgG) subclass and the relationship with urine enzyme series and four microalbumen in Henoch - Schonlein purpura nephritis(HSPN). Methods IgG subclass, urine enzyme series, microal-bumen were detected between 28 cases with HSPN and 20 controls. Results The levels of IgG1, IgG2 in HSPN significantly decreased compared with the normal controls. In addition, the levels of IgG, were negative related to microalbumin(MA) and alkaline phosphalase (ALP) in HSPN, P

Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Congresses as Topic ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; immunology ; therapy ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Immunotherapy ; Killer Cells, Natural ; immunology ; Liver ; immunology ; Lymphocytes ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo develop a new technique for assessing the risk of birth defects, which are a major cause of infant mortality and disability in many parts of the world.

METHODSThe region of interest in this study was Heshun County, the county in China with the highest rate of neural tube defects (NTDs). A hybrid particle swarm optimization/ant colony optimization (PSO/ACO) algorithm was used to quantify the probability of NTDs occurring at villages with no births. The hybrid PSO/ACO algorithm is a form of artificial intelligence adapted for hierarchical classification. It is a powerful technique for modeling complex problems involving impacts of causes.

RESULTSThe algorithm was easy to apply, with the accuracy of the results being 69.5%±7.02% at the 95% confidence level.

CONCLUSIONThe proposed method is simple to apply, has acceptable fault tolerance, and greatly enhances the accuracy of calculations.

Algorithms ; Artificial Intelligence ; China ; epidemiology ; Environmental Exposure ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Models, Biological ; Neural Tube Defects ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors