Objective To investigate the effects of valproic acid ( VPA ) on SD rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis ( EAE) and its possible immunomodulatory mechanism .Meth-ods Fifty female Sprague-Dawley ( SD) rats were randomly divided into five groups by random digit table , including control group (n=10), EAE group(n=10), low dose VPA treated group (100 mg/kg, n=10), median dose VPA treated group (300 mg/kg, n=10) and high dose VPA treated group (600 mg/kg, n=10).The SD rat model of EAE was induced by immunizing with a guinea pigs′spinal cord homogenate (GPSCH).Normal saline and various doses of VPA were given to rats in according groups twice a day from day 0 to day 19 ( close to the peak stage of EAE ) .The severity of EAE was scored according to the signs and symptoms.Pathological changes were observed through Hematoxylin-Eosin staining, and then the degrees of inflammatory infiltration were evaluated .The numbers of activated neuroglia that expressed Iba-1 in cerebral and lumber cords were counted by immunohistochemistry .The expression of IFN-γ, IL-17 and IL-10 in cer-ebral and lumber cords were measured by ELISA .Results Compared with EAE group , rats in the low, me-dian and high dose VPA treated groups had lower incidence of EAE and prolonged latency , but only the me-dian dose treated group showed significant alleviation in clinical symptoms (P<0.05).Both the median and the high dose treated group showed decreased inflammatory cell infiltration in CNS (P<0.05).Immunohisto-chemistry results showed that the numbers of activated microglia were significantly inhibited in rats treated with median and high dose of VPA in comparison with those in EAE group (P<0.05).Results of ELISA demonstrated that the expression of IFN-γand IL-17 in both median and high dose VPA treated groups were significantly decreased compared with those in EAE group (P<0.05), but only the median dose treated group showed a remarkably increased expression of IL-10 (P<0.05).Conclusion VPA, especially medi-um dose of VPA ( 300 mg/kg ) , had neuroprotective effects on rats with EAE .The possible mechanism might be associated with the inhibited activation of microglia and the increased percentage of anti -inflammato-ry cytokines .

Objective To systematically review the efficacy and adverse events of sevoflurane or propofol combined anesthesia for induction of general anesthesia. Methods We searched the PubMed, OVID, EMBASE,Cochrane Library and Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM) for studies on efficacy of sevoflurane versus propofol for anesthesia induction. The quality of the studies was evaluated by the method recommended by Cochrane Collaboration. Meta-analysis was conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 4.2.8 software. Results Thirteen prospective randomized controlled trials involving 968 patients were included in our meta-analysis. The results showed that the time from onset of induction to loss of consciousness and the time for induction were significantly longer, the incidence of respiratory depression lower in S group than in P group. There were no significant differences in the incidence of adverse events during induction and success rate of inserting LMA at first attempt between the 2 groups. The incidence of adverse events with LMA insertion was significantly lower in S group than in P group. Conclusion Propofol combined anesthesia is suitable for rapid induction of anesthesia, and sevoflurane combined anesthesia is indicated for slow induction of anesthesia in patients with potential respiratory difficulty and for LMA insertion.

To study the toxicokinetics of bakuchiol, hepatic and renal toxicity in rats after single oral administration of Psoraleae Fructus and combined with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, in order to provide scientific evidences for clinical safe medication use. A total of 35 SD rats were randomly divided into seven groups: vehicle (distilled water) control group, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma group, positive control (aristolochic acid A) group, Psoraleae Fructus (40 g x kg(-1)) group( both male and female rats), Psoraleae Fructus and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (40 +20) g x kg(-1) group (both male and female rats). HPLC-UV method was used to determine the concentration of bakuchiol in rat plasma at different time points after single oral administration. Plasma alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), plasma creatinine (Cr), N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and kidney injury molecule 1 (Kim-1) were measured after administration for 24 h. The main toxicokinetics parameters of bakuchiol in rats exert significantly gender difference. When Psoraleae Fructus combination with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, the total area under the plasma concentration-time curve( AUC), C(max), and plasma clearance (CL) of bakuchiol were increased, respectively; CL, half-life (t½) were decreased, and T(max) were prolonged. The biochemical indicators (including ALT, AST, BUN, Cr and KIM-1 level) in different dose of Psoraleae Fructus groups, were found no statistically significant difference when compared with vehicle control group. The level of NAG in both Psoraleae Fructus and compatibility with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma groups were significant increased (P < 0.05). There are obvious effects on toxicokinetics of bakuchiol in rats when Psoraleae Fructus combined with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. Renal toxicity induced by Psoraleae Fructus at high dose was observed after single oral administration and no liver damage in rats was found.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Female ; Glycyrrhiza ; toxicity ; Kidney ; drug effects ; Liver ; drug effects ; Male ; Phenols ; pharmacokinetics ; toxicity ; Psoralea ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rhizome ; toxicity ; Toxicokinetics

Adult ; Antigens, CD20 ; metabolism ; CD3 Complex ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Facial Dermatoses ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Pseudolymphoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Skin Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

Actins ; metabolism ; Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Granzymes ; metabolism ; Histiocytic Sarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Ki-1 Antigen ; metabolism ; Lymph Nodes ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue ; metabolism ; pathology ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; metabolism ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases

OBJECTIVETo develop a new technique for assessing the risk of birth defects, which are a major cause of infant mortality and disability in many parts of the world.

METHODSThe region of interest in this study was Heshun County, the county in China with the highest rate of neural tube defects (NTDs). A hybrid particle swarm optimization/ant colony optimization (PSO/ACO) algorithm was used to quantify the probability of NTDs occurring at villages with no births. The hybrid PSO/ACO algorithm is a form of artificial intelligence adapted for hierarchical classification. It is a powerful technique for modeling complex problems involving impacts of causes.

RESULTSThe algorithm was easy to apply, with the accuracy of the results being 69.5%±7.02% at the 95% confidence level.

CONCLUSIONThe proposed method is simple to apply, has acceptable fault tolerance, and greatly enhances the accuracy of calculations.

Algorithms ; Artificial Intelligence ; China ; epidemiology ; Environmental Exposure ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Models, Biological ; Neural Tube Defects ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors

Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Granulomatous Disease, Chronic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Hodgkin Disease ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Ki-1 Antigen ; metabolism ; Lewis X Antigen ; metabolism ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Young Adult

Burkitt Lymphoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Female ; Hodgkin Disease ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; classification ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Follicular ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; diagnosis ; pathology

Objective To construct an eukaryotic expression vector with human adipose most abundant gene transcript 1 (APM1) gene,and to investigate the transfection and expression of pCDEF-APM1 eukaryotic expression plasmid in HEK293 cells.Methods pCDEF-APM1 eukaryotic expression plasmid was constructed by DNA recombinant method.Expression vector pCDEF-APM1 was transfected into HEK293 cells with Effectene reagent.The level of human adiponectin protein in the supernatant of cell culture media was detected with double antibody sandwich ELISA.Results The sequence of DNA fragment from constructed pCDEF-APM1 plasmid was identical to that published in GenBank.There was raised human adiponectin protein level in culture supernatant of HEK293 cells tnmsfected with pCDEF-APM1.Conclusion The pCDEF-APM1,an eukaryotic expression plasmid for APM1 gene is successfully constructed.High protein expression of adiponectin can be obtained in HEK293 cells transfected with pCDEF-APM1 eukaryotic expression plasmid.