Metal sulfides are chemically attacked by Fe~ 3+ and H~+, resulting in the formation of elemental sulfur via polysulfides or thiosulfate pathway. Elemental sulfur may aggregate and even form a layer on the metal sulfide surface, which will inhibit leaching metals from the sulfides minerals. Elimination of inert elemental sulfur in a typical acidic environment can exclusively be by way of oxidation of acidophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, such a way includes the attachment, transport and oxidation process of elemental sulfur by acidophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. On the basis of analysis on the pertinent researches, the molecular mechanism of sulfur elimination by the acidophilic bacteria is far away from elucidated, and to attain that target, there are still much work to be done for elucidating the molecular mechanism on the attachment, transport and oxidation process of elemental sulfur by the acidophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria.

The chemical constituents from Euphorbia lunulata was investigated in this paper. Fourteen compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatographies on silica gel and preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by physiochemical properties and NMR data analysis as lupeol (1), euphol (2), cassipourol(3) , 24-methylenecycloartan-3beta-ol (4), 24-hydroperoxycycloart-25-en-3beta-ol (5), 25-hydroperoxycycloart-23-en-3beta-ol (6), betulin (7), uvaol (8), (23E) -25-methoxycycloart-23-en-3beta-ol (9), (23E) -cycloart-23,25-dien-3beta-ol (10), 24-methylenecycloartan-3beta, 28-diol (11), salicinolide (12), 2alpha, 3beta, 5alpha, 9alpha, 15beta-pentaacetoxy-11,12-epoxy-7beta, 8alpha-diisobutyryloxyjatropha-6 (17) -en-14-one (13) and 3beta, 5alpha, 15beta-triacetoxy-7beta-isobutyryloxy-9alpha-nicotinoyloxyjatropha-6 (17), 11(E)-dien-14-one (14). Among them, compounds 1-11 were isolated from E. lunulata for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Euphorbia ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Stereoisomerism

Reverse transcriptase-PCR experiments suggest that the two clusters of genes potentially involved in the oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds are organized as operons in strain of the acidophilic, chemolithoautotrophic bacterium Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 23270, the two clusters of genes including such the ORF of putative sulfate-thiosulfate-molybdate binding proteins, the ORF of putative thiosulfate: quinone oxidoreductase and the ORF of the rhodanese-like protein (P21). Bioinformatic analyses have predicted the possible promoters sequences and the possible +1 start site of transcription for the doxDA operons.

The strain Acidiphilium cryptum DX1-1 producing PHB was irradiated respectively by UV and Co60 to raise PHB production. The results indicated that the effect of UV better than using Co60. One strain of the UV mutagenized called UV60-3 has the highest PHB production yield, showing final PHB concentra- tion of 28.56 g/L, 1.45 times higher than that of original strain. FT-IR spectroscopy analysis shows that the polymers obtained from the strain DX1-1 have the same IR spectra of standard PHB. Further research about the best appropriate C/N ratio of the mutant was done. The optimum ratio of C/N was about 3.76, the final PHB concentration reaches to 30.57 g/L.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of naloxone used in the postoperation of cerebral tumor.Methods Eighty patients were randomly assigned to receive (treated group:40 patients) or not re- ceive (control group:40 patients) naloxone.Both the two groups accepted the conventional therapy.Re- sults After operation,the content of?-EP,ET decreased continuously but the one of the treated groups was more obviously than that of the control groups (P

Objective: To study the effects of TNFα on wound healing. Methods: The skin lesion and incisions were made on mice and rhTNFα was applied in both skin lesion and incision. Tissue strips were evaluated for tensiometry and histologic features after healing. Results: It was found that rhTNFα markedly improved wound healing both in skin lesion and incision wound model, it also markedly enhanced the breaking strength of treated incision and increased wound cellularity in rh TNF α treated groups. Conclusion: The results suggest that TNFα play an important role in regulating inflammatory reactions of local injured tissues and it may improve the functions of fibroblasts, mononuclear phagocytes and endothelial cells. rhTNFα of suitable doses can promote wound healing. This shows that TNFα, as a wound healing promoter, has the potentials for clinical application.

Angelicae Sinensis Radix-Chuanxiong Rhizoma has the effects of nourishing and tonifying blood, activating blood and dissipating blood stasis, regulating menstruation and analgetic, which is commonly used Chinese medicine pair (CMP) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinic. It might be an independent formula, and is also usually used in many gynecological formulae and modern TCM prescriptions. This paper mainly analyzed and summarized the compatibility theory, bio-active constituents, compatibility effects and action mechanism, and clinical applications of the CMP, which can provide a basis for the depth research and development of the CMP.
Animals ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drug Interactions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods

The total effect of Chinese medicine pair (CMP) was not the simply addition of two single herbs, but the interaction of their different components. Therefore, the research on the bio-active components of CMP is the basis of CMP compatibility study, and has important significance for revealing the compatibility effect and action mechanism, and creating traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) new drugs. This paper summed up the latest research progress of CMP on the basis of the bio-active components variation regularity of CMP from chemical solutions and content changes in vitro and the actions of CMP on bodies in vivo, in order to further drive the modern basic and applied research of CMP, and to reveal the scientific essence of CMP compatibility.
Animals ; Drug Compounding ; Drug Interactions ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Pharmacokinetics

Objective To construct recombinant adenovirus Ad/MDC-VP1 and investigate its im-muno-boosting effect of the mice primed with the experimental DNA vaccine against Coxsackievirus infection. Methods The recombinant adenovirus Ad/MDC-VP1 was constructed and packaged. The Western blot analysis was used to verify the target protein. BALB/c mice were divided into four groups: Ad/MDC-VP1 group, pcDNA3/MDC-VP1 group, pcDNA3/MDC-VP1 prime-Ad/MDC-VP1 boost group and PBS group. The mice in each group were immunized intramuscularly. The titers of serum IgG and neutralizing antibody were tested by ELISA and trace neutralization assay, respectively. The lymphocytes proliferation activity and specific CTL cytotoxic activity were tested by CCK-8 assay. The mice in each group were challenged with le-thal dose of Coxsackievirus, and the assay of the serum virus titers and the observation of protection efficacy against Coxsackievirus infection were carried out. Results The recombinant adenovirus Ad/MDC-VP1 was successfully constructed and the target protein was expressed. It was observed that the titers of CVB3 VP1 specific antibody, lymphocyte stimulation index, CTL cytotoxicity activities and protection rate of the pcDNA3/MDC-VP1 prime-Ad/MDC-VP1 boost group were much higher than those of the rest groups( P < 0.05), and the titer of serum virus was lower after CVB3 challenged ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion Both the cellular and humoral immune responses in mice could been significantly enhanced by the pcDNA3/MDC-VP1 prime-Ad/MDC-VP1 boost strategy.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of hypobaric hypoxia (HH)on the cognitive function of mice and the phosphorylation of tau protein in mice brain.

METHODSForty male mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 10): static control (control) group, 8 hours (8 h) group, 7 days(7 d) group and 28 days(28 d) group, which were exposed to simulated HH equivalent to 5 500 m in an animal decompression chamber for 0 hour, 8 hours, 7 days and 28 days, respectively. Cognitive performances were examined by open field and passive avoidance test, tan phosphorylation was assayed by Western blot.

RESULTSIn open field test,the group exposed in hypobaric hypoxia for 28 d showed lower mean velocity (P < 0.05), time in central zone (P < 0.05) was longer than control group. In passive avoidance test 28 d group presented worse performance in both latency time and number of mistakes (P < 0.05) compared with control group. Western blot showed that phosphorylated tau was increased significantly following exposure to HH for 7 d in cortex and 28 d in hippocampus (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONTau hyperphosphorylation in brain of mice may play a role in chronic HH-induced cognitive function impairment.

Animals ; Cerebral Cortex ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Hypoxia ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Male ; Maze Learning ; physiology ; Memory ; physiology ; Mice ; Phosphorylation ; tau Proteins ; metabolism