Background Researches have suggested that the defocus can induce the change of static visual acuity,but whether it produce influence on dynamic visual acuity is not clear.Objective This study was to investigate the impact of myopic defocus on static visual acuity and dynamic visual acuity and explore the essential difierence between static visual acuity and dynamic visual acuity. Methods Forty volunteers were enrolled in this trial.including 20 adults with the age of 27.4±1.64 years and 20 children with the age of 11.70+1.49 years.All the eyes of subjects received regular examined to excluded the eye disease with the best corrected vision of ≥1.0 D,astigmatism of ≤0.75 D and anisometropia ＜1.50 D.+1.00 D,+1.50 D,+2.00 D,+2.50 D slasses were ware respectively for the defocus on the foundation of full correction.Dynamic visual acuity was inspected by using selfmade DVA-I training software.and static visual acuity wag tested by static visual acuity chart (Precision Vision,CAT.NO.2125).This clinical trial complied with the Helsinki Declaration and obtained the approval of Ethic Committee of Wenzhou Medical College.Written informed consent was received from each individual prior to the protocol. Results The dynamic and static visual acuities were gradually decreased with the elevation of defocus (F=506.907,P=0.000).No significant differences were found between static visual acuity and dynamic visual acuity in adult or children at various defocus(P＞0.05).The regression linear analysis showed that a positive correlation between static visual acuity with defoeus(R2=0.819,t=26.72,P=0.000) or dynamic visual acuity with defoeus(R2=0.826,t=27.42,P=0.000).The slope and intercept between defocus with static visual acuity were steeper than that between defocus and dynamic visual acuity (slope:F=34.18,P=0.000;intercept:F=1005.56,P=0.001). Conclusion The effect of defocus on static visual acuity is different from that of dynamic visual acuity.It could be speculated that dynamic visual acuity is related not only to refractive systems but also other factor.

Objective To investigate the advantages of the external fixators used in the treatment of pelvic fracture. Methods From April 2002 to July 2008, 55 patients with unstable pelvic fracture were treated respectively with simple external fixators, external fixators plus traction and external fixators plus in-ternul fixation according to their different Tile classifications. Results Of this group, 51 cases were followed up for an average of 11 months, 2 cases died because of multi-injuries, and 2 cases were lost in the follow-up. All of the 51 patients obtained bony union. On average, it took 11 (6 to 14) weeks to achieve weight-bearing walking, and 12 (8 to 14) weeks to remove the external fixators for the patients. By Liu Li-ming's evaluation system, the good to excellent rate was up to 88.2%. Conclusions The pelvic fractures of Tile B1 and B2 can be treated with simple external fixators and those of Tile C with external fix-ators plus internal fixation or traction to achieve fracture reduction and stability of the pelvic ring. For the patients with multi-injuries, external fixators used in the emergency treatment can stabilize the pelvic ring, reduce blood loss and improve the success rate.

ObjectiveTo analysis the different types of bacteria in patients with a varying severity of acute cholangitis.Methods241 patients who presented with actue cholangitis between Jan 2008 to Oct 2011 to our hospital were retrospectively studied.These patients were divided into three groups according to the Tokyo Guideline.The bile specimens were obtained intraoperatively.The parameters were compared by SPSS 16.0 package program for statistical analysis.Results75.1 percent of the patients were positive for bacteria in the bile.There were 241 strains of bacterium which included 139 Gram-positive bacteria,99 Gram-negative bacteria and 6 strains of microzyme.Escherichia coli,Enterococcus faecalis,Enterococcus casseliflavus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella species were the most frequently isolated bacteria.The positive rates for bacteria were significantly different between patients with mild and severe cholangitis (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between patients with moderate and mild cholangits (P=0.141),or moderate and severe cholangitis (P=0.647).Gram-negative bacteria were more common than Gram- positive bacteria in patients with moderate and severe acute cholangitis (P＜0.05).In patients with moderate and severe acute cholangitis,there was more patients with multiple and mixed bacterial infection.ConclusionsEscherichia coli and Enterococcus species were more common in patients with acute cholangitis.The positive rate of bacteria in the bile in severe acute cholangitis was higher than that in mild acute cholangitis.In patients with moderate and severe cholangitis,Gram-negative bacterial infections and multiple and mixed bacterial infections were more common.

To ensure the quality and safety of Panax notoginseng, a method for the simultaneous determination of 10 mycotoxins in Panax notoginseng was developed using ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The sample was extracted with acetonitrile and purified by HLB multifunction cleanup column. The separation was performed on a Phenomenex Kinetex XB-C18 column by gradient elution using methanol and 5 mmol·L(-1) ammonium acetate as mobile phase. The targeted compounds were detected in MRM mode by mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (ESI) source operated in both positive and negative ionization modes. The linear relationships of the 10 mycotoxins were good in their respective linear ranges. The correlation coefficients (r) ranged from 0.9981 to 1.0000. The LOQs of the 10 mycotoxins were between 0.15 and 8.6 μg·kg(-1). The average recoveries ranged from 73.8% to 107.0% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.10%-10.9%. The results demonstrated that the proposed method was sensitive and accurate, and suitable for the mycotoxins quantification in Panax notoginseng.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Drug Contamination ; Mycotoxins ; analysis ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Objective To survey the status quo on response time of Emergency Medical Service System (EMSS)in Beijing and analyze the influence,factors in order to explore the existent problems upon EMSS of Beijing for 2008 Beijing Olympic game Methods The quantitative and aualitative mehods were used.The data derived from the record of Beijing Emergency Medical Center on the second half of 2005 was described and analyzed.Results At present,the median of response times in Beijing 120 Emss is 16.5 min,with 14.3 min for Quartile range.The cumulate proportion was 2.28% for less than 5 min,whereas 19.20% for over 30 min. there were statistically significant differences in term of the areas and stations respectively.Conclusion The response time of Beijing EMSS is too long,and it is not to be compared to the developed eoumtries itn terms of swift reponse,we should explore and amalyze the influence factors from various angles and make effort to resolve it.

Objective To evaluate the effects of mechanical ventilation on radiation induced lung injuries of apoptosis,acute inflammation,and oxidative stress by establishing a rat mechanical ventilation model and animal model.Methods Totally 40 male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 rats in each group:control,radiation alone,high tidal volume ventilation,and high tidal volume ventilation following by radiation.After treatment,the pathological changes in lung tissue were observed,NF-κB activity was detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA),the expression of NF-κB subunit P65 protein level in lung cell nucleus was detected by Western blot,and the apoptosis of lung cells was detected by terminal dexynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method.The wet to dry weight ratio (W/D) of lung,myeloperoxidase (MPO),malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected.In addition,the total protein and white blood cell number in lung lavage fluid were also measured.Results Compared to the control,the acute lung injury (ALI) score,W/D ratio,MPO activity,total protein level,white blood cell number,apoptosis index (AI),lung tissue MDA,NF-κB activity and P65 protein expression were increased significantly (q =0.000 32-0.004 81,P ＜0.05),while SOD values was decreased significantly (q =0.000 18-0.002 53,P ＜0.01),in other three groups.Compared with radiation and high tidal volume ventilation group,the above indexes were significantly higher (q =0.004 3-0.022 6,P ＜ 0.05) but the SOD value was significantly lower (q =0.002 9-0.008 3,P ＜ 0.05) than those in the high tidal volume ventilation plus radiation group.Conclusions High tidal volume ventilation delivered to the radiation group produced more transparent ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) than the high tidal volume ventilation alone induced VILI including permeable pulmonary edema,acute inflammation,oxidative stress and apoptosis in lung.

BACKGROUND: Human body is an irregular geometrical one, so it is very diffcult to measure its volume.OBJECTIVE: To establish multiple regression equations by taking body height and body mass as the independent variables and body volume as the dependent variable, calculate the body volume of female college students and select optimal regression equations.DESIGN: A single-sample univariate analysis.SETTING: Department of Physical Education of Lishui College, Department of Physical Education of Zhejiang University and Academy of police in Zhejiang. PARTICIPANTS: Eighteen female students aged 18-22 years were selected from Zhejiang Lishui College.METHODS: Both the body height and body mass indexes of the female students were measured with the nation-ratified constitutional test instrument, and the body volume index was measured with a self-made iron container with a diameter of 0.95 m and height of 1.20 m. There was a scale mark for height in the container, water was poured to a fixed height, then the student slowly immersed herself into the water completely and the height difference was recorded. Body volume (m3)=(0.95÷2)2×3.141 59×height difference. The measured data were statistically calculated. Regression equations were established by taking body height and body mass as the independent variables and body volume as the dependent variable,and the optimal regression equation was selected.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The measured data of body height,body mass and body volume of female students and the calculated results of the regression equations were observed.RESULTS: The measured data of body height, body mass and body volume of 18 female students all entered into the in result analysis ① A regression equation in two unknowns for calculating body volume was established: (y)=-0.031 016+0.000 761×body mass+0.000 267×body height. ②A regression equation in one unknown for body volume and its optimal selection: The linear equation was y=0.001×body mass+0.000 8; the logarithm equation was y=0.005 1Ln (body mass)-0.15; the power equation was (y)=0.001×body mass0.9909; the exponent equation was y =0.0192×e0.0188x.and the multiple correlation coefficient R2=0.9497-0.9591, all were close to 1, indicating that the body volume predicted by models was highly correlated with the actual one (r ＞ r0.001(18-2), P ＜ 0.001), the predicted values of the 4 models were not different from the actual one. ③ Analyzing from the simplicity of calculation and the economic way of index measurement, Logarithm equation is the best in the 5 regression equations. ④ The body volume covered body shape, physical function and Physique.CONCLUSION: The index of body volume is one of the important indexes, which cannot be neglected in the study of Physique. Analyzing from the simplicity of calculation and the economic way of index measurement, Logarithm equation is the best.

OBJECTIVE To have an retrospective analysis of the prevalent fungi infected in patients in ICU,and their pathologic sites and drug resistance and to find out the hazard factors.METHODS The research used API 20C AUX and Rosco disk diffusion method to test the drug resistance of fungi isolated from the infected samples collected from ICU patients in our hospital between Jan 2006 and Mar 2007.RESULTS Totally 123 fungi strains were spotted,the majority of them being Candida albicans,accounting for 34.1%;Candida glabrata 26.8% and Candida tropicalis 18.7%.All the fungi were sensitive to amphotericin B and nystatin(Mycostatin) and partially resistant to fluconazole,itraconazole and ketoconazole.Patients with long term use of wide-spectrum antibiotics and catheters and elder patients would have higher fungi infection rate.CONCLUSIONS Candida are the major pathogens of fungal infections in ICU.The major infected site is lower respiratory tract.Amphotericin B and nystatin have good sensitivity but higher toxicity.Conazole medicines also have good sensitivity to C.albicans and C.tropicalis.But they are resisted largely by C.glabrata and C.krusei.Reasonable use of bacteriophage and reduction of unnecessary diagnosis and treatment procedures,and early discovery,diagnosis and treatment are keys to prevent and cure the invasive fungal infections.

Objective Thymic epithelial tumors(TET) consist of thymoma and thymic carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) coinci-dence SPECT imaging in TET. Methods 18 F-FDG coincidence SPECT images of 37 TET patients ( male 16, female 21, age range 24-82 years; mean age 55 years) were retrospectively analyzed according to the simplified WHO histological classification: high survival thymoma (types A, AB and B1 ), median survival thymoma (types B2 and B3 ), and low survival thymoma (thymic carcinoma). Qualitative visual interpreta-tion was based on foci of18F-FDG uptake'higher than that of normal mediastinum. Turnour/lung radioactivity ratio (TLR) was calculated from the counts of region of interest (ROI) drawn around the mass and over a comparable area of normal lung tissue in TET patients. The distribution of18F-FDG uptake was compared with the enhanced CT findings. TLR was also correlated with the Ki67-1abeling index. Statistical comparison for TLR in different groups were performed with variance analysis. Results Thirty-four TET were positive and 3 negative ( A, A, AB) by 18 F-FDG coincidence SPECT images. The differences among the 3 sub-groups were statistically significant (F=9.99,P<0.05). The TLR of these 3 subgroups was variable: 1.42±0.27, 2.13±0.74, 3.00±1.19, respectively. A close correlation (r=0.613, P=0.002) of the TLR with the Ki67 labeling index (n= 22) was found. In addition, 18 F-FDG coincidence SPECT detected two metastases ( anterior chest wall and right supraclavicular fossa lymph node) that were not identified on enhanced CT. Conclusions 18 F-FDG coincidence SPECT is useful in differentiating subgroups of thymic epithelial tumors and in identifying more invasive thymic lesions.18 F-FDG may be a novel tracer that ena-bles in vivo evaluation of cellular proliferation in human TET.

Objective To evaluate the laparoscopic Palomo procedure in the management of varicocele in adolescent by assessment of the postoperative testicular growth and the changes of the biggest vessel diameter of varix. Methods From July 1999 to March 2004, laparoscopic high mass - ligation of testicular vessels according to Palomo procedure was performed on 31 boys who all presented with left varicocele Before and after operation at 1 month,3 and 6 months, the biggest vessel diameter of varicocele was measured by ultrasonography, testicular blood supply was evaluated by color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI) ,and fastis was recorded in length, width and thickness by ultrasonographic measurement, which volume was calculated by the formula V =?/6 ? length ? width ? thickness. Also the ratio of left to right testicular volume was calculated, and the left testicle was thought atrophy if the ratio was below 75% The biggest vessel diameter of varix, testicular blood supply, and the postoperative testicular increasing volume were compared before and after operation. Results The biggest vessel diameter of varicocele significantly reduced 1 month after operation(P