Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease that affects approximately 50,000 people annually in Asia, causing 10,000 deaths. Considering the role of pigs as the virus-amplifying host and the economic loss in the swine industry, JE is an important disease for both public and animal health. A nationwide JE virus (JEV) vaccination program has been conducted annually for more than 30 years to prevent severe reproductive disorders in the Korean sow population. Remarkable progress in molecular biology has made it possible to analyze the genome of the vaccine strain at the nucleotide and amino acid levels. However, the scientific record of the current JEV veterinary vaccine has not been reported. Therefore, this article outlines the current JEV vaccine strain used in animals and discusses future directions for developing new veterinary JEV vaccines.
Animals ; Asia ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Encephalitis Viruses, Japanese ; Encephalitis, Japanese* ; Genome ; Humans ; Korea* ; Molecular Biology ; Swine ; Vaccination ; Vaccines* ; Zoonoses

Ninety five patients of rectal cancer treated with surgery with or without adjuvant radiation therapy since January 1982 to December 1990 at the Chonnam University Hospital were analysed retrospectively regarding local failure. Of these 95 patients 72 patients were treated with surgery alone and remaining 23 patients received postoperative radiation therapy to pelvis. There were 45 men and 50 women with 53 years of median age. Minimum tool low-up period was 19 months and Median was 47 months (range, 19-125 months). Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate actuarial risk of local recurrence and survival rate. Comparison between two groups was evaluated by Log rank test. Of total 95 patients twenty seven patients (28.4%) developed local recurrence and 13 patients(17.3%) developed local and distant metastasis oncomitantly. Eighty nine percent(24/27) of patients developed local recurrence within 24 months. Pelvic organ adjacent to the primary tumor area was the most common site of initial local recurrence. Of 72 patients treated with surgery alone local recurrence developed in 24 patients. Of 17 patients with stage A and B1 (Gunderson-Sosin modification of Dukes' staging system) 6 patients experienced local recurrence(31.2%). The local recurrence rate of B2 and B3 group was 29.9%(7/33) and that of C2 and C3 was 54.7%(l1/19), respectively. There was statistically significant difference between two groups(p< 0.05). Of 23 patients treated with definitive surgery and radiation therapy 10%(1/10) ecurred in B2 and B3 patients. This was slightly lower than C2 and C3 patients(22.2%, 2/10) of similar policy, but revealed no statistically significant difference(p>0.05). In the patients of B2+3 local failure rate decreased when radiation therapy was added(29.9% vs 10%, p>0.05) and also similar results in C2+3 group(34.7% vs 22.2%, p<0.05). The local failure rate in relation to distance from the anal verge had no statistically significant difference.
Female ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pelvis ; Rectal Neoplasms* ; Recurrence* ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

Fourteen African swine fever (ASF) outbreaks occurred in the pig farms in the northwestern region of South Korea, near the border with North Korea, from September 16, 2019 to October 9, 2019. Active and passive surveillance on the ASF-infected farms indicated that the infection was limited only to pigsties where the infected pigs were detected on the farm for the first time before further transmission to other pigsties and farms. This early detection could be one of the pivotal factors for the prompt eradication of ASF in domestic pig farms within 1 month in the northwestern region of South Korea.

Fourteen African swine fever (ASF) outbreaks occurred in the pig farms in the northwestern region of South Korea, near the border with North Korea, from September 16, 2019 to October 9, 2019. Active and passive surveillance on the ASF-infected farms indicated that the infection was limited only to pigsties where the infected pigs were detected on the farm for the first time before further transmission to other pigsties and farms. This early detection could be one of the pivotal factors for the prompt eradication of ASF in domestic pig farms within 1 month in the northwestern region of South Korea.

Purpose: A care coordinator is an emerging nursing professional role in South Korea. The purpose of this study was to identify educational needs and priorities for care coordinators among nurses. Methods: An online survey was conducted on 661 current or retired nurses from January 30 to February 28, 2021. A total of 17 essential competencies for care coordinators, recognized based on literature review, were used to analyze the educational needs. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, a paired t-test, and one-way analysis of variance with SPSS 25.0. The educational needs analysis was conducted by using a paired t-test, the Borich Needs Assessment Model, and the Locus for Focus Model. Results: Five contents were identified as the first priorities for educational needs: ‘Health program planning and evaluation’, ‘Care planning’, ‘Coordinating community-based services’, ‘Case management’, and ‘Transitional care’. The second priorities for educational needs included 'Population health management' and'Welfare resource linkages via communicating with social workers’. Conclusion The priority items derived from this study offer underpinning insights for the development of care coordination training program.

Purpose: Recent studies have focused on policies aimed at supporting the independence of individuals with disabilities in communities. As part of this initiative, supportive housing, integrated care, and residential spaces offer tailored services based on individual needs and autonomy. The attitudes and knowledge of the administrators supporting supportive housing residents regarding health management can influence the well-being of individuals with disabilities. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the challenges faced by supporting housing workers in enhancing the self-management skills of individuals with disabilities. Methods: In this qualitative study, focus group interviews were conducted in August 2023 with nine administrators working to support housing in Seoul. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the interview data. Results: The needs and challenges in enhancing the self-management skills of individuals with disabilities were as follows: (1) the complexity of health management challenges, (2) bidirectional strategies for strengthening health management capabilities, and (3) support for systematic health management. Additionally, eight subthemes were derived. Conclusion By investigating the difficulties experienced and identifying the necessary support requirements for supportive housing workers, this study seeks to uncover insights and identifies areas for improvement and strategies for health management. This study acknowledges the educational and institutional support necessary to improve the health and quality of life of individuals with disabilities residing in supportive housing.

Recent global warming trends may have a significant impact on vector-borne viral diseases, possibly affecting vector population dynamics and disease transmission. This study measured levels of hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibodies against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and neutralizing antibodies against Akabane virus (AKAV) and Aino virus (AINV) for Thoroughbred horses in Korea. Blood samples were collected from 989 racehorses in several provinces, between October 2005 and March 2007. Sera were tested using either an HI assay or a virus neutralization test. Approximately half (49.7%; 492/989) of the horses tested were antibody-positive for JEV. The HI titer against JEV was significantly correlated with racehorse age (p < 0.05). Horses with an HI antibody titer of 1: 160 or higher accounted for 3.9% of the animals tested, indicating that vectors transmitting arthropod- borne viruses bit relatively few horses. In contrast, 3.8% (19/497) and 19.5% (97/497) of horse sera collected in March 2007 were positive against AKAV and AINV, respectively. The presence of antibodies against AKAV and AINV may indicate the multiplication of AKAV and AINV in these horses.
Aging ; Animals ; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese/*isolation & purification ; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests/veterinary ; Horse Diseases/blood/*epidemiology ; Horses ; Korea/epidemiology ; Orthobunyavirus/*isolation & purification ; Seroepidemiologic Studies

Gastric volvulus is an uncommon condition which is difficult to diagnose and treat. It designates abnormal rotation of the stomach along its longitudinal (organoaxial) or transverse (mesenteroaxial) axis. When the rotation exceeds 180 degrees, gastric obstruction or strangulation may occur. The classical presentation of acute gastric volvulus is the triad of severe epigastric pain, vomiting followed by retching without the ability to vomit, and difficulty or inability to pass a nasogastric tube. Delay in diagnosis and treatment of gastric volvulus can lead to fatal complications such as gastric ischemia, perforation, and hemorrhage. Gastric volvulus is a true emergency which should be treated immediately either surgically or by upper endoscopy. We report a case of an acute incarcerated gastric volvulus due to a left-sided diaphragmatic hernia in an adult male patient, which was treated successfully by operation.
Acute Disease ; Hernia, Diaphragmatic/*complications ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stomach Volvulus/diagnosis/*etiology

The N protein of the rinderpest virus (RPV) was analyzed topologically and antigenically by using anti-N monoclonal antibodies (Mabs). Ten Mabs were raised against the N protein of the RPV. At least six non-overlapping antigenic sites (sites A-F) were delineated by competitive binding assays using biotinylated Mabs. Of them 5 sites (A, C, D, E and F) on the N protein were recognized by RPV-specific Mabs in ELISA and IFA while site B was recognized by Mabs reacting with both RPV and PPRV. Non- reciprocal competition was found among sites C, D and E. Recombinant RPV N protein after exposure to 0.2% SDS exhibited higher ELISA titers in all Mabs recognizing 6 sites. Four sites (A, B, E and F) on 2% SDS-treated N protein lost completely reactivity with Mabs while the remaining sites (C and D) on the protein retained their antigenicity to some degree. It indicates that two sites (C and D) were sequential. Six representative Mabs bound to each site exhibited competition with rinderpest antibodies in a blocking ELISA, indicating that the sites were actively involved in antigenicity in cattle.
Antibodies, Monoclonal/*immunology ; Antigens, Viral/chemistry/*immunology ; Binding, Competitive ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Epitopes/immunology ; Nucleocapsid Proteins/chemistry/*immunology ; Rinderpest virus/*immunology

OBJECTIVE: We performed this study to evaluate the effects of Sil-Select and Percoll in sperm preparation. METHODS: Semen samples of 22 patients with normal sperm parameters by WHO criteria were divided into two equal parts and prepared with Percoll and Sil-Select. After completion of semen preparation procedures with Percoll and Sil-Select, sperm concentration, motility and morphology using strict criteria were evaluated in each group and all semen samples were fixed and stained for transmission electron microscopy(TEM). RESULTS: There were no significant diffrences in sperm concentration, percentage of motile spermatozoa and percentage of normal spermatozoa in morphology evaluation using strict criteria under light microscopy between Percoll and Sil-Select-treated groups. However, the percentage of normal shape and position of acrosome, and normal helix assembly of mitochondria under TEM were significantly higher in the Sil-Select-treated group compared to Percoll-treated group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that Sil-Select is less detrimental to the acrosome and mitochondria of spermatozoa in sperm preparation compared to Percoll.
Acrosome ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Mitochondria ; Semen ; Spermatozoa*