Objective To investigate the effect of spleen spontaneous shunt on portal vein hemodynamics in patients with liver cirrhosis with Doppler ultrasound. Methods Eighty-seven patients were divided into chronic hepatitis group, liver cirrhosis group and control group. Liver function of cirrhosis patients was classified into Child A and Child B/C according to Child-Pugh categorization criteria. Hemodynamic parameters of hepatic artery, portal vein, superior mesenteric artery/vein and spleen artery/vein were examined on resting condition. Then the blood shunt ratio of spleen vein and superior mesenteric vein with portal vein, as well as hepatic circulation index (HCI) were calculated. The relationship between spleen blood shunt and HCI was analyzed. Results Portal vein blood flow was not significantly different among groups. Spleen vein blood flow increased in cirrhosis group, which was significantly different to that of control group and chronic hepatitis group. The spleen shunt ratio of cirrhosis group was greater than that of control group and chronic hepatitis group, as well as the Child B/C and Child A in cirrhosis group;the ratio of spleen vein flow to portal vein flow and spleen vein flow to superior mesenteric vein flow increased, but the ratio of superior mesenteric vein flow to portal vein flow decreased with the liver function decreased in cirrhosis group. There was non-linear negative correlation between HCI and the spleen shunt ratio. Conclusion Spleen spontaneous shunt and splenic hyperdynamic circulation play an important role in liver perfusion. Detecting Vspv/Vpv ratio with Doppler ultrasound in patients with liver cirrhosis is helpful in assessing liver function reserve.

0.05); the levels of LL, LI, RRS in CBA group and CBA+IBT group were significantly lower than those in control group(P

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of Prunella vulgaris.

METHODTo separate the constituents of P. vulgaris by using various kinds of chromatography and identify their structures on the basis of spectral analysis.

RESULTSeven compounds were isolated from the spikes of P. vulgaris. Their structures were established as autantiamide acetate (1), rhein (2), tanshinone I (3), danshensu (4), stigmast-7, 22-dien-3-one (5), 3, 4, alpha-trihydroxy-methyl phenylpropionate (6), butyl rosmarinate (7).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-4 were isolated from this genus for the first time.

Amides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Anthraquinones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Lactates ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Phenanthrenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Prunella ; chemistry

With an objective to provide an experimental basis for scientific officinal of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus, this research uses UPLC-TQ/MS method to analyze 7 different kinds of lignan in 70 batches of Schisandra sphenantherae Fructus samples from 9 regions. The results showed that in the area south of Qinling mountains, Schisandrae sphenantherae Fructus from Zhashui county and Shanyang county of Shangluo mainly contained schisantherin A and deoxyschizandrin. However, Schisandrae sphenantherae Fructus from Mei county of Baoji, Shiquan county and Ningshan county of Ankang, and Lueyang county of Hanzhong, mainly contained anwuligan. Samples from Ningshan county also consists relatively high level of deoxyschizandrin. In the central area of Qinling mountains and the Daba mountains, Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus from Nanzheng county of Hanzhong mainly contained schisanhenol and deoxyschizandrin. In conclusion, the kinds and level of lignan differ significantly in Schisandrae sphenantherae Fructus produced in different regions. In practical application, Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus produced in different regions should be distinguished and differently applied based on their main effective components corresponding to different diseases, which can lead to the best clinical use.
China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Lignans ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Schisandra ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo observe therapeutic effect of negative-pressure treatment combined with tissue transplantation on complicated and refractory wounds after debridement.

METHODSAfter debridement, 20 patients with 20 complicated and refractory wounds hospitalized in our burn wards from May 2008 to June 2010 were randomly divided into treatment group (T, treated with negative-pressure from -19 kPa to -8 kPa, n = 10) and control group (C, covered with petrolatum gauze overlaid with saline gauze and dry gauze, n = 10) according to alternating method. On post treatment day (PTD) 4, 7, and 14, granulation tissues of wound surface in size of 4 mm × 3 mm × 2 mm were harvested for histopathological observation (including capillary growth, inflammatory cells, and collagen arrangement) with HE staining, and the numbers of vascular endothelial cells (VEC, with addition of rabbit anti-human coagulation factor VIII related antigen polyclonal antibody) and proliferation period cells (with addition of mouse anti-human Ki-67 monoclonal antibody) were counted by immunohistochemical staining. Data were processed with t test. Another 59 patients harboring 62 complicated and refractory wounds admitted to our burn ward at the same period were treated with the same mode of debridement, negative-pressure therapy, followed by timely skin or skin flap grafting.

RESULTS(1) Granulation tissue in T group grew more rapidly than that in C group. More capillaries and less inflammatory cells were observed in T group on PTD 7 as compared with those in C group. Collagen in T group on PTD 14 was more regular in arrangement than that in C group. The number of VEC per 400 times visual field in T group on PTD 4, 7, and 14 was respectively higher than that in C group (108.7 ± 11.2 vs. 31.0 ± 3.6, 138.0 ± 14.7 vs. 34.6 ± 4.5, 68.7 ± 6.9 vs. 55.1 ± 6.5, with t values from 4.62 to 30.28, P values all equal to 0.01). The number of proliferation period cell per 400 times visual field in T group on PTD 4 and 7 was respectively higher than that in C group (88.9 ± 5.9 vs. 16.6 ± 3.3, 128.1 ± 13.0 vs. 110.1 ± 8.9, with t value respectively 19.89, 3.33, P values all below 0.05). The number of proliferation period cell per 400 times visual field in T group on PTD 14 was obviously lower than that in C group (26.7 ± 5.1 vs. 59.7 ± 4.5, t = -12.43, P = 0.01). (2) After being treated with above therapeutic mode, necrotic tissues were removed completely and granulation tissue grew rapidly in 62 complicated and refractory wounds with high survival rate of skin grafts or skin flaps with good repair effect.

CONCLUSIONSNegative-pressure therapy can accelerate VEC formation and stimulate cell proliferation after debridement. Debridement, negative-pressure therapy, and timely skins/skin flaps grafting can effectively increase healing rate of complicated and refractory wounds.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Debridement ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy ; Skin Transplantation ; Surgical Flaps ; Wound Healing ; Wounds and Injuries ; surgery ; Young Adult

To improve the quality standard of Angelica sinensis, solve the problem of lacking relevant reference substance, a new method-based on the standard reference extract (SRE) was applied to achieve the quality control of Angelica sinensis. SRE of Angelica sinensis was obtained by chromatographic separation technology. After calibration of three makers of the SRE, an UPLC analytical method was developed to determinate the contents of the makers. T-test was used for comparison of the determination results of two methods (reference substances and SRE as reference, respectively), and the results demonstrated that there is no significant difference between the two methods. The presented method is very convenient and practical, which can be used for the quality control of Angelica sinensis.
Angelica sinensis ; chemistry ; Calibration ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; standards ; Quality Control ; Reference Standards

TCM non-medicine therapies include acupuncture, moxibustion, point-application, point injection, acupuncture point thread implanting, etc, which have been widely used in the clinical treatment for stable period of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). TCM non-medicine therapies can significantly control the progress of the disease and improve the life quality of patients. This article reviewed the clinical study on TCM non-medicine therapies for stable period of COPD in recent 5 years, in order to provide some references for the treatment of COPD.

Hedyotis hedyotidea has been traditionally used for the treatment of arthritis, cold, cough, gastro-enteritis, headstroke, etc. But few studies have screened the active compounds from extracts of H. hedyotidea. In this study, the structure of the chemical constituents from stems of H. hedyotidea were determined and the immunosuppressive activity of the compounds was evaluated. The compounds were separated and purified with silica gel, gel column chromatographies and preparative HPLC, and their structures were identified by spectral methods such as MS and NMR. Eleven compounds were obtained and identified as(6S,9S) -vomifoliol (1), betulonic acid (2), betulinic acid (3), betulin(4), 3-epi-betulinic acid (5), ursolic acid (6), β-sitosterol (7), stigmast-4-en-3-one (8), 7β-hydroxysitosterol (9), (3β,7β) -7-methoxystigmast-5-en-3-ol (10) and morindacin (11). This is the first report of compounds 1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 10 and 11 from H. hedyotidea. Compounds 1, 2 and 8-11 were firstly isolated from the genus Hedyotis, and compounds 9 and 10 were isolated from the family Rubiaceae for the first time. The immunosuppressive activity of these compounds was tested using the lymphocyte transsormationtest. Compounds 4, 6 and 9 showed significant immunosuppressive activity.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Hedyotis ; chemistry ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; immunology ; Male ; Mass Spectrometry ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Stems ; chemistry

BACKGROUNDIt has already been recognized that psychosocial stress evokes asthma exacerbation; however, the mechanism of how stress gets inside the body is not clear. This study aimed to observe the impact of psychosocial stress on airway inflammation and its mechanism in the ovalbumin-induced asthmatic mice combined with social disruption stress.

METHODSThirty-six male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into: control group, asthma group (ovalbumin-induced), asthma plus social disruption stress group (SDR), and SDR group. The open field video tracking system was used to assess animal behaviors. The invasive pulmonary resistance (RL) and dynamic lung compliance (cdyn) test system from Buxco was applied to detect pulmonary function. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was utilized to determine OVA-IgE, T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) and corticosterone in mouse serum, the Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-6, TNF-α) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and IL-6 and TNF-α levels in the supernatant of splenocytes cultured in vitro. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining was used to assess airway inflammation in lung histology. The cell count kit-8 assay (CCK-8) was applied to evaluate the inhibitory effect of corticosterone on splenocyte proliferation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Real time-PCR and Western blotting were utilized to determine glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA and GR protein expression in lungs.

RESULTSThe open field test showed that combined allergen exposure and repeated stress significantly shortened the time the mice spent in the center of the open field (P < 0.01), increased ambulatory activity (P < 0.01) and the count of fecal boli (P < 0.01), but deceased vertical activity (P < 0.01). Results from pulmonary function demonstrated that airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) was enhanced by psychosocial stress compared with allergy exposure alone. The ELISA results showed that cytokines in serum and BALF were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Moreover, the lung histology showed that infiltrated inflammatory cells were significantly increased in the asthma-SDR group compared with the asthma group (P < 0.05). Interestingly, serum corticosterone was remarkably raised by psychosocial stress (P < 0.05). In addition, the inhibitory effect of corticosterone on IL-6 and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated splenocyte cultures in vitro was diminished in the asthma-SDR group compared to the asthma group. The CCK-8 test revealed that the inhibition effect of corticosterone on splenocyte proliferation induced by LPS was significantly impaired in the SDR and asthma-SDR groups, while no significant effect was observed in the control and asthma groups. Furthermore, expression of GR mRNA and GR protein were significantly reduced in the lung tissues of the asthma-SDR group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSSocial disruption stress can promote anxiety behavior, activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, increase AHR and inflammation, and also impair glucocorticoid sensitivity and its function in a murine model of asthma. The down-regulation of GR expression induced by social disruption stress is in part associated with glucocorticoid insensitivity, which leads to asthma exacerbation.

Animals ; Anxiety ; etiology ; Asthma ; etiology ; Bronchial Hyperreactivity ; etiology ; Corticosterone ; blood ; Cytokines ; biosynthesis ; Disease Models, Animal ; Lung ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid ; analysis ; physiology ; Stress, Psychological ; complications

OBJECTIVETo sequence the complete sequence of bocavirus I with sequence independent single primer amplification (SISPA-PCR).

METHODSTo exclude the co-effection samples, all clinical samples of diarrhea cases were screened with special primers of rotavirus, astrovirus, adenovirus, calicivirus and bocavirus I. The virus were enriched through ultracentrifugation. Other nucleic acids, such as human and bacteria genomes, were degradated by DNase I and RNase. DNA of bocavirus was Amplificated with SISPA-PCR, then purificated, cloned and sequenced. The sequences were alighmented in nr with blastn and assembled with DNAstar.

RESULTSA 4834bp sequence of bocavirus I were assembled.

CONCLUSIONSISPA-PCR is an economical and efficient technique for sequence a virus complete genome.

Base Sequence ; Bocavirus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; DNA Primers ; genetics ; Diarrhea ; virology ; Genome, Viral ; Humans ; Parvoviridae Infections ; virology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction