OBJECTIVETo explore dysfunction mechanism of rat alveolar type II (AT-II) injured by bleomycin (BLM).

METHODSSD rats were injected with a single intratracheal dose of bleomycin or control saline. On day 7, 14, and 28 following intratracheal bleomycin or saline instillation, animals were killed under overdose of 1.5% sodium pentobarbital (0.25 ml/100 g, i.p.) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from the lung was tested for the activity of pulmonary surfactant (PS) by the Whihelmy Film Balance. Several concentrations of bleomycin stimulated the culture of rat AT-II cells, and surfactant protein (SP) A, B, and aquaporin-1 (AQP) mRNA were analyzed by fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR).

RESULTSThe activity of PS and hypoxemia significantly decreased on day 7 and improved on day 14 and completely recovered to normal status on day 28. SP-A, B, and AQP-1 mRNA expression in BLM-stimulated group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONBLM-injured AT-II cells decrease the levels of SP-A, B, and AQP-1 mRNA and cause PS dysfunction, resulting in hypoxemia and pneumonedema.

Animals ; Aquaporin 1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Bleomycin ; administration & dosage ; toxicity ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Hypoxia ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Pulmonary Alveoli ; cytology ; drug effects ; Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein B ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Time Factors

The dialysis method was employed to load adriamycin into the micelles formed by temperature and pH sensitive polyhistidine-co-DL-lactide-co-glycolide-polyethylene glycol poly DL-lactide-co-glycolide-co-histidine (OLH-b-PLGA-b-PEG-b-PLGA-b-OLH). The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the copolymer was measured with pyrene fluorescent probe method under different temperatures. The entrapment rate and drug-loading rate were determined with dialysis method. The diameter, morphology and surface potential of the copolymer micelles were investigated by corresponding instruments, respectively. The release behavior of adriamycin from copolymer micelles and the pH sensitivity were studied. The CMC of the copolymers ranged from 0.022 4 to 0.001 7 microg x mL(-1). The entrapment rate and drug-loading rate were 92.8% and 15.7%, respectively. The micelles have a mean diameter of (61.7 +/- 13.4) nm, and zeta potential was -9.88 mV. The in vitro adriamycin release rate increased with the pH dropping from 7.4 to 5.0. The results indicated that the CMC of the copolymers decreased as the raising of temperature, drug release behavior from the micelles possessed clearly pH sensitivity, and the copolymers may have a potential in targeted delivery system for anticancer drugs.
Doxorubicin ; administration & dosage ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Micelles ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Polyglactin 910 ; chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Temperature

OBJECTIVETo study the influence of compound Biejia Ruangan Prescription (CBRP) on extracelluar matrix in bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis rats.

METHOD54 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (9 rats in each group). Rats in the model control group, positive medicine group, and high, moderate and low CBRP groups were injected with bleomycin A5 by trachea, and rats in sham-model control group with same volume normal saline. 29 days after the injection, CBRP solution of different dosages (1.4 g x kg(-1), 0.7 g x kg(-1), 0.35 g x kg(-1)) was respectively given to rats in the high, moderate and low CBRP group by gavage, while equal volume of normal saline was given to those in the sham-model control group and model control group, and an equal volume of prednisone (0.56 mg x kg(-1)) was given to those in positive medicine control group. On the 80th day, the levels of III-collagen, IV-collagen, laminin and hyaluronic acid in the serum were determined, the determination of hydroxyproline in lung homogenates was analyzed, and the right lung was incised to make pathological sections which were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) and Masson staining for pathological diagnosis.

RESULTCBRP could decrease the levels of III-collagen, IV-collagen, laminin and hyaluronic acid in the serum.

CONCLUSIONCBRP may play its therapeutic role by leveling down the content of extracellular matrix in rats with pulmonary fibrosis induced by Bleomycin A5.

Animals ; Bleomycin ; analogs & derivatives ; Collagen Type III ; blood ; Collagen Type IV ; blood ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Hyaluronic Acid ; blood ; Hydroxyproline ; metabolism ; Laminin ; blood ; Lung ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Materia Medica ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; pathology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional finite element analysis has been used by many scholars from department of orthopedics, but the results of postoperative evaluation of hip preserving treatment for osteonecrosis of femoral head are different. OBJECTIVE: To study the biomechanical changes of the femoral head and the biomechanical changes of the proximal femur after greater trochanter bone flap for the treatment of femoral head necrosis using three-dimensional finite element method, and to verify the mechanical safety and effectiveness. METHODS: One case of unilateral femoral head necrosis in ARCOIII stage undergoing parallel vascularized greater trochanter bone flap transplantation was selected. Computed Tomography data of proximal femur were collected before and 6 months after the operation, and preserved in DICOM format. With the aid of computer technology, professional medical modeling software, MIMICS and HYPERMESH, were used to establish the three-dimensional geometric models of the proximal femur. These models were divided into normal group, necrosis group and repair group. Finite element analysis software ANSYS was utilized to simulate human body standing and movement in different situations. The model was divided by free mesh, and given material parameters to establish normal proximal femur, femoral head necrosis and bone defect. Greater trochanter bone flap was applied in repairing three-dimensional finite element model of bone defect. Loads were loaded on different finite element models. The maximum displacement of the femoral head and the stress distribution in the proximal femur of the three groups were observed under different loading models. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Under the same load, the maximum displacement of the three sets of models was 0.61 mm in the normal group, 0.66 mm in the necrosis group, and 0.61 mm in the repair group, respectively. Maximum Von Mises stress was greater in necrosis model than in the normal molding. The maximum Von Mises stress gradually decreased in the repair model, and was close to normal value. (2) Three groups of models showed stress concentration above the rotor in femoral neck region. The maximum stress in the trochanteric position was higher in necrosis models than in normal models. The maximum stress in this region gradually increased after repair, but was still lower than the failure stress of bone. (3) The results confirm that the maximum stress and the maximum displacement are closer to the normal value after greater trochanter bone flap for treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. The greater trochanter is safe and reliable for repairing bone defect of femoral head.

Objective: To explore the impact of bundle branch block (BBB) on acute coronary syndrome (ACS) prognosis in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: A total of 6 429 ACS patients received PCI in our hospital from 2013-01 to 2013-12 were enrolled. According to BBB diagnosis at discharge, the patients were divided into 2 groups: BBB group, n=159 and Non-BBB group, n=6 270. The incidences of 2-year major adverse cardio and cerebral-vascular events (MACCE) including all-cause death, cardiac death, myocardial infarction, revascularization, in-stent thrombosis and stroke were compared between 2 groups; relationship between existing BBB and clinical outcomes was assessed. Results: Compared with Non-BBB group, BBB group had the elder age (62.97±11.37) years vs (58.26±10.36) years, lower BMI (25.31±3.02) vs (25.89±3.20), decreased glomerular filtration rate (86.89±16.15)ml/min vs (91.05±15.53)ml/min and LVEF (59.27±9.86)% vs (62.37±7.36) %, all P<0.05; other baseline condition, angiographic and interventional features were similar between 2 groups, all P>0.05. During 2-year follow-up period, compared with Non-BBB group, BBB group showed the higher incidences of cardiac death (2.5% vs 0.7%) and in-stent thrombosis (3.1% vs 0.8%), both P<0.05; other incidences of MACCE were similar between 2 groups, all P>0.05. With adjusted propensity score matching, 2-year incidence of MACCE was similar between 2 groups, P>0.05; 2-year incidences of MACCE in BBB group including LBBB and RBBB were similar to Non-BBB group, P>0.05. Cox regression analysis revealed that BBB was not related to ACS prognosis after PCI. Conclusion: BBB was not an independent risk factor for long-term MACCE occurrence in ACS patients after PCI.

Objectives: To investigate the prognostic value of elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) at admission in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: A total of 5 826 consecutive ACS patients undergoing PCI were included. Patients were divided into normal admission SBP (100-139 mmHg, n=4 323) and elevated admission SBP ( ≥ 140 mmHg, n=1 503) groups. All-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE, including all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), revascularization, in-stent thrombosis and stroke) during 2-year follow-up were compared between the two groups. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to identify the independent risk factors of outcomes. The influence of admission SBP on the outcomes of subgroup patients with unstable angina (n=4 261) was also evaluated. Results: Patients were older (61 vs 57 years, P<0.001), proportions of females (29.3% vs 21.6%, P<0.001), concomitant morbidities (such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipemia, previous MI and cerebral vascular disease) and multi-vessel lesions (77.5% vs 71.0%, P<0.001) were significantly higher in elevated admission SBP group than in normal admission SBP group. During two-years follow-up, all-cause mortality, MACCE, MI and revascularization rates were comparable between two groups (all P>0.05). However, incidence of in-stent thrombosis (1.3% vs 0.7%, P=0.048) and stroke (1.9% vs 1.2%, P=0.038) were significantly higher in elevated admission SBP group than in normal admission SBP group. Subgroup analysis on patients with unstable angina showed that, incidence of in-stent thrombosis and MI were also significantly higher in elevated admission SBP group than in normal admission SBP group (both P<0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that elevated admission SBP was no longer an independent predictor of either in-stent thrombosis or stroke, and age and history of cerebrovascular disease were the independent risk factors of stroke. Conclusions: ACS patients with elevated admission SBP have more cardiovascular risk factors, but elevated admission SBP is not an independent risk factor of long-term outcomes in this patient cohort.

BACKGROUND: Coronary atherosclerotic plaque could go through rapid progression and induce adverse cardiac events. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of smoking status on clinical outcomes of coronary non-target lesions. METHODS: Consecutive patients with coronary heart disease who underwent two serial coronary angiographies were included. All coronary non-target lesions were recorded at first coronary angiography and analyzed using quantitative coronary angiography at both procedures. Patients were grouped into non-smokers, quitters, and smokers according to their smoking status. Clinical outcomes including rapid lesion progression, lesion re-vascularization, and myocardial infarction were recorded at second coronary angiography. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to investigate the association between smoking status and clinical outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 1255 patients and 1670 lesions were included. Smokers were younger and more likely to be male compared with non-smokers. Increase in percent diameter stenosis was significantly lower (2.7 [0.6, 7.1] % vs. 3.5 [0.9, 8.9]%) and 3.4 [1.1, 7.7]%, P = 0.020) in quitters than those in smokers and non-smokers. Quitters tended to have a decreased incidence of rapid lesions progression (15.8% [76/482] vs. 21.6% [74/342] and 20.6% [89/431], P = 0.062), lesion re-vascularization (13.1% [63/482] vs. 15.5% [53/432] and 15.5% [67/431], P = 0.448), lesion-related myocardial infarction (0.8% [4/482] vs. 2.6% [9/342] and 1.4% [6/431], P = 0.110) and all-cause myocardial infarction (1.9% [9/482] vs. 4.1% [14/342] and 2.3% [10/431], P = 0.128) compared with smokers and non-smokers. In multivariable analysis, smoking status was not an independent predictor for rapid lesion progression, lesion re-vascularization, and lesion-related myocardial infarction except that a higher risk of all-cause myocardial infarction was observed in smokers than non-smokers (hazards ratio: 3.00, 95% confidence interval: 1.04-8.62, P = 0.042). CONCLUSION Smoking cessation mitigates the increase in percent diameter stenosis of coronary non-target lesions, meanwhile, smokers are associated with increased risk for all-cause myocardial infarction compared with non-smokers.

During the high-temperature and rainy season from June to October in 2017-2019,serious southern blight broke out in the Cynanchum stauntonii planting area in Tuanfeng county,Hubei province,which had a great impact on the yield and quality of medicinal materials. In this study,the pathogen of C. stauntonii was isolated,purified,and identified,and the pathogenicity was tested according to Koch's postulates. Meanwhile,the biological characteristics of the pathogen were analyzed. On this basis,the effective fungicides were screened in laboratory. Finally,the pathogen( BQ-1) was identified as Athelia rolfsii( Deuteromycotina,Basidiomycota,anamorph: Sclerotium rolfsii). The optimum growth conditions for BQ-1 were 25-30 ℃,p H 5-8,and alternating light and dark.The effective chemical fungicides were lime-sulphur-synthelic-solution( LSSS) and flusilazole,and the effective botanical fungicide was osthole. BQ-1 was highly homologous to the pathogen HS-1 of peanut southern blight,with the similarity of 18 S r DNA and TEF sequences at 99. 09%. The southern blight in C. stauntonii might be resulted from that in peanut. In the production of C. stauntonii,the following measures should be taken: avoiding rotation or neighboring with peanut,draining water from June to October to reduce humidity,and reasonably applying fungicides.
Basidiomycota ; Cynanchum ; Fungicides, Industrial/pharmacology* ; Humidity

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic effectiveness of intracoronary transplantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNC) on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in mini-swine model.

METHODSMyocardial ischemia reperfusion injury model was established by ligating in 16 mini-swines, which were further randomized into two groups: (3.54 +/- 0.90) x 10(8) BM-MNC was intracoronarily transplanted in BM-MNC group (n = 9), and phosphate buffer saline was intracoronarily applied in the control group (n = 7). Ultrasonic cardiograhpy, hemodynamics, neovascular density, and myocardium infarction size were evaluated before and 4 weeks after transplantation.

RESULTSIn BM-MNC group, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), intra-ventricular septa, lateral wall and anterior wall, cardiac output (CO) and + dp/dt(max) had no significant differences before and 4 weeks after transplantation (P > 0.05). In the control group, LVEF, intraventricular septa, lateral wall and anterior wall, CO, and + dp/dt(max) significantly decreased 4 weeks after transplantation (P < 0.05). Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and- dp/dt(max) had no significant differences before and after cell transplantation. Capillary density was significantly larger in the BM-MNC group than in the control group [(13.39 +/- 6.96) /HP vs. (3.50 +/- 1.90) /HP]. The percentage and size of myocardial infarction was significantly lower in the BM-MNC group than in the control group.

CONCLUSIONTransplantation of BM-MNC into the myocardial ischemic reperfusion-injury area can increase capillary density and decrease infarction area, and thus remarkably improve cardiac systolic function.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Coronary Vessels ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; pathology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Myocardium ; pathology ; Random Allocation ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature

OBJECTIVETo simulate and assess the clinical effect of intracoronary infusion of bone marrow mononuclear cells or peripheral endothelial progenitor cells on myocardial reperfusion injury in mini-swine model.

METHODSTwenty-three mini-swine with myocardial reperfusion injury were used as designed in the study protocol. About (3.54 +/- 0.90) x 10(8) bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNC group, n = 9) or (1.16 +/- 1.07) x 10(7) endothelial progenitor cells (EPC group, n = 7) was infused into the affected coronary segment of the swine. The other mini-swine were infused with phosphate buffered saline as control (n = 7). Echocardiography and hemodynamic studies were performed before and 4 weeks after cell infusion. Myocardium infarction size was calculated. Stem cell differentiation was analyzed under a transmission electromicroscope.

RESULTSLeft ventricular ejection fraction dropped by 0% in EPC group, 2% in MNC group, and 10% in the control group 4 weeks after cell infusion, respectively (P < 0.05). The systolic parameters increased in MNC and EPC groups but decreased in the control group. However, the diastolic parameters demonstrated no significant change in the three groups (P > 0.05). EPC decreased total infarction size more than MNC did (1.60 +/- 0.26 cm2 vs. 3.71 +/- 1.38 cm2, P < 0.05). Undermature endothelial cells and myocytes were found under transmission electromicroscope.

CONCLUSIONSTransplantation of either MNC or EPC may be beneficial to cardiac systolic function, but might not has obvious effect on diastolic function. Intracoronary infusion of EPC might be better than MNC in controlling infarction size. Both MNC and EPC may stimulate angiogenesis, inhibit fibrogenesis, and differentiate into myocardial cells.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cell Differentiation ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; pathology ; therapy ; Myocardium ; pathology ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature