In theory teaching,we let students know the knowledge of some important discovery and invention in the history of physiology and while in experiment teaching,we added the experiments designed by students in addition to traditional experiments,so as to enhance the students,ability of innovation.

The authors explained the process of organizing and implementing of the designed experiments.The designed experi- ments can improve students' creative thinking ability and activate students'initiative and meanwhile,it can improve teachers' level and contribute to making progress in teaching and studying although there are still some problems to solve.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of moxibustion at Sanyinjiao (SP 6) on normal process of childbirth and safety of mothers and infants.

METHODSOne hundred and seventy-four cases of singleton primiparas, fetal head position were selected as the subjects and divided into three groups by single-blind randomized method: an acupoint group (n = 59), a non-acupoint group (n = 57) and a blank group (n = 58). When the cervix was dilated by 2 to 3 cm, DAJ-23 type multi-function moxibustion apparatus was used at Sanyinjiao (SP 6) in acupoint group, and at non-acupoint spot (the midpoint from the radial arterial pulse throbbing place on the radial side of the transverse crease of the wrist to the radial end of biceps tendon of the elbow) in non-acupoint group, 30 min for each one. The conventional labor care was adopted in blank group. The differences were observed in the first active stage, the second stage and the third stage of the labor as well as the safety of mothers and infants among three groups.

RESULTSThe durations of the first active stage of labor [(123.05 +/- 96.401) min] and the second stage [(37.407 +/- 22.390) min] in acupoint group were shorter than those [(171.40 +/- 94.339) min, (49.517 +/- 25.373) min] in non-acupoint group, as well as those [(178.79 +/- 97.231) min, (53.684 +/- 20.087) min] in blank group separately (all P < 0.05). It was discovered that the progressions of the first active stage and the second stage of labor were accelerated in acupoint group, and there was no statistically significant difference in the third stage of labor among the three groups (all P > 0.05). Bleeding amount after childbirth in acupoint group was less than those in non-acupoint group and blank group (both P < 0.05), and Apgar scores of newborns in acupoint group and non-acupoint group were higher than that in blank group (both P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMoxibustion at Sanyinjiao (SP 6) can shorten the process of childbirth, reduce postpartum bleeding and has no harmful impact on mothers and infants.

Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Labor, Obstetric ; Moxibustion ; Pregnancy ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo examine the effects of Han's acupoint and nerve stimulator (HANS) electroacupuncture on the expression of NPY in periaqueductal grey (PAG) of heroin addicted rats.

METHODSHeroin was injected subcutaneously according to the principle of daily increasing dose in rats of experimented group. The ability of special learning and memory were tested by Morris water maze; The expression of NPY in PAG of rat were detected by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS(1) Escape latency and searching distance in heroin-addiction group were significantly increased compared with those of normal group during the place navigation test (P < 0.05). However, in acupuncture group, escape latency and searching distance was obviously shortened compared with those of heroin-addiction group (P < 0.05). The exploring time and distance of original platform area in proportion to the total distance in heroin-addiction group significantly decreased compared with those of normal group during spatial probe test (P < 0.05). The exploring time and distance of original platform area in proportion to the total distance in acupuncture group was increased compared with those in heroin-addiction group (P < 0.01). (2) The expression of NPY of heroin-addiction group was lower than that in normal group in PAG, while those of acupuncture group was higher than that in the heroin-addiction group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe learning and memory induced by heroin-addiction could be reversed and the expression of NPY in PAG was increased by HANS in rats.

Animals ; Electroacupuncture ; Heroin Dependence ; metabolism ; Male ; Maze Learning ; Memory ; Neuropeptide Y ; metabolism ; Periaqueductal Gray ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective:To study the differentially expressed genes in chronic periodontitis (CP) and to explore the correlation with disease severity.Methods:Gene expression profile data associated with CP were screened in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and analyzed with GEO2R online software to create volcano maps. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEEG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses were performed on the screened CP-associated differentially expressed genes to predict their possible functions and signaling pathways. The protein-protein interaction database (STRING) was used to analyze the interaction relationships between the encoded proteins of the screened CP-related differentially expressed genes. Cytohubba software was used to identify key genes in the signaling pathway. One120 CP patients and 40 healthy controls were selected. The screened CP-related genes were validated by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) method.Results:A total of 1 151 CP differentially expressed genes that met the requirements were screened. These genes were mainly enriched in the GO pathway for positive regulation of granulocyte differentiation, helper T-cell differentiation, leukocyte aggregation, regulation of acute inflammatory response, chemokine-mediated and endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response, as well as in the KEGG pathway for NFB pathway, chemokine pathway, cytokine receptor interaction, leukocyte transendothelial migration pathway, B-cell receptor pathway, Toll-like receptor pathway, etc. The protein-protein interaction network was constructed using the screened CP-related differentially expressed genes, which included 78 nodes and 496 links, with a mean aggregation coefficient and mean connectivity of 0.69 and 12.7, respectively. Cytohubba analysis showed that Sell was a key gene in the signaling pathway, and its relative expression levels in the gingival fluids of the three CP groups with different degrees(1.14±0.46, 0.86±0.41, 0.52±0.46) was significantly lower than that of the control group (1.50±0.65) (all P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of subjects diagnosed with CP using Sell expression levels in gingival fluid was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.71 to 0.86). The AUC values were greater than 0.65 at 95% CI when Sell was used as a biological marker to evaluate the severity of CP. Conclusions:CP-related differentially expressed genes are mainly enriched in the number of pathways associated with the inflammatory response of periodontitis. The expression levels of Sell genes were significantly reduced in the gingival sulcus fluid of CP patients and correlated with the severity of the disease. The Sell genes are expected to be a biomarker for CP grading.

BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional finite element analysis has been used by many scholars from department of orthopedics, but the results of postoperative evaluation of hip preserving treatment for osteonecrosis of femoral head are different. OBJECTIVE: To study the biomechanical changes of the femoral head and the biomechanical changes of the proximal femur after greater trochanter bone flap for the treatment of femoral head necrosis using three-dimensional finite element method, and to verify the mechanical safety and effectiveness. METHODS: One case of unilateral femoral head necrosis in ARCOIII stage undergoing parallel vascularized greater trochanter bone flap transplantation was selected. Computed Tomography data of proximal femur were collected before and 6 months after the operation, and preserved in DICOM format. With the aid of computer technology, professional medical modeling software, MIMICS and HYPERMESH, were used to establish the three-dimensional geometric models of the proximal femur. These models were divided into normal group, necrosis group and repair group. Finite element analysis software ANSYS was utilized to simulate human body standing and movement in different situations. The model was divided by free mesh, and given material parameters to establish normal proximal femur, femoral head necrosis and bone defect. Greater trochanter bone flap was applied in repairing three-dimensional finite element model of bone defect. Loads were loaded on different finite element models. The maximum displacement of the femoral head and the stress distribution in the proximal femur of the three groups were observed under different loading models. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Under the same load, the maximum displacement of the three sets of models was 0.61 mm in the normal group, 0.66 mm in the necrosis group, and 0.61 mm in the repair group, respectively. Maximum Von Mises stress was greater in necrosis model than in the normal molding. The maximum Von Mises stress gradually decreased in the repair model, and was close to normal value. (2) Three groups of models showed stress concentration above the rotor in femoral neck region. The maximum stress in the trochanteric position was higher in necrosis models than in normal models. The maximum stress in this region gradually increased after repair, but was still lower than the failure stress of bone. (3) The results confirm that the maximum stress and the maximum displacement are closer to the normal value after greater trochanter bone flap for treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. The greater trochanter is safe and reliable for repairing bone defect of femoral head.

OBJECTIVETo explore the method of clinical application and the efficacy of free fibula osteomyocutaneous flap in one-stage reconstruction of transmidline bilateral mandibular defect caused by giant neoplasms.

METHODSFrom july 2000 to october 2002, transmidline bilateral mandibular defects caused by ameloblastoma (4 cases) and gingival carcinoma (2 cases), according to the character of defects, were reconstructed with free fibula osteomyocutaneous flaps. Peroneal artery and vein were used as vascular pedicle, the fibula was reshaped, and micro-titanium plates were used in rigid fixation between fibula and residue of bilateral mandible. Microvascular anastomoses were carried out between peroneal artery/vein and small artery/vein in neck.

RESULTSSix free fibular osteomyocutaneous flaps survived well. Follow up duration ranged from 6 months to 2 years, the lower face appearance recovered well, occlusion relationship were normal, all patients were satisfactory with appearance and chewing function after repair of removable denture.

CONCLUSIONFree fibular osteomyocutaneous flap is a favorable material in the reconstruction of transmidline bilateral mandibular giant defect. The blood supplement of fibula is offered both by segmentral periosteum and nutrient artery from bone marrow, It is greatly benefit to reshaping as arched mandible.

Adult ; Bone Transplantation ; Female ; Fibula ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible ; surgery ; Mandibular Neoplasms ; surgery ; Osteotomy ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To examine the prognostic value of four important driver gene mutations in patients with radical resection of pancreatic cancer. Methods The clinical data and follow‐up data of pancreatic cancer patients undergoing radical pancreatectomy and targeted sequencing from January 2016 to March 2018 at Department of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery, Changhai Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.There were 159 males and 88 females,aged of (60.8±8.7)years(range:33-83 years) and preoperative CA19‐9 of (492.4 ± 496.6)kU/L(range: 2-1 200 kU/L). One hundred and fifty nine cases of tumors were located in the head and 88 cases in the body and tail of the pancreas. After univariate analysis of clinical pathological factors (including gender, age, preoperative CA19‐9, tumor location, tumor differentiation, pathological T and N stage, Micr. perineural invasion, Micr. lympho‐vascular invasion, resection margin), the variable whose P<0.1 was included in COX regression model with four important driver gene mutations to find which mutation was related to prognosis independently. The number of gene mutations and KRAS subgroups were analyzed by Kaplan‐Meier curve.Results Among 247 patients,the number of KRAS,TP53, SMAD4 and CDKN2A mutations was 212 cases(85.8%), 160 cases(64.8%), 66 cases(26.7%) and 44 cases (17.8%),respectively.KRAS mutation was correlated with the tumor differentiation and pathological T stage (χ2=24.570/6.690, P=0.000/0.035), TP53 mutation was correlated with the tumor differentiation and the resected margin(χ2=5.500/4.620, P=0.019/0.032), and CDKN2A mutation was correlated with gender(χ2=16.574,P=0.000).COX regression model analysis showed that only KRAS mutation was an independent risk factor for disease free survival and overall survival(HR=1.776, 95%CI: 1.079-2.923, P=0.024; HR=1.923, 95%CI: 1.016-3.639, P=0.045); KRASG12D mutation was associated with shorter OS(P=0.007). Conclusion KRAS and its subgroup KRASG12D mutation can be used as a prognostic index for patients with radical resection of pancreatic cancer.

Objective To examine the prognostic value of four important driver gene mutations in patients with radical resection of pancreatic cancer. Methods The clinical data and follow‐up data of pancreatic cancer patients undergoing radical pancreatectomy and targeted sequencing from January 2016 to March 2018 at Department of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery, Changhai Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.There were 159 males and 88 females,aged of (60.8±8.7)years(range:33-83 years) and preoperative CA19‐9 of (492.4 ± 496.6)kU/L(range: 2-1 200 kU/L). One hundred and fifty nine cases of tumors were located in the head and 88 cases in the body and tail of the pancreas. After univariate analysis of clinical pathological factors (including gender, age, preoperative CA19‐9, tumor location, tumor differentiation, pathological T and N stage, Micr. perineural invasion, Micr. lympho‐vascular invasion, resection margin), the variable whose P<0.1 was included in COX regression model with four important driver gene mutations to find which mutation was related to prognosis independently. The number of gene mutations and KRAS subgroups were analyzed by Kaplan‐Meier curve.Results Among 247 patients,the number of KRAS,TP53, SMAD4 and CDKN2A mutations was 212 cases(85.8%), 160 cases(64.8%), 66 cases(26.7%) and 44 cases (17.8%),respectively.KRAS mutation was correlated with the tumor differentiation and pathological T stage (χ2=24.570/6.690, P=0.000/0.035), TP53 mutation was correlated with the tumor differentiation and the resected margin(χ2=5.500/4.620, P=0.019/0.032), and CDKN2A mutation was correlated with gender(χ2=16.574,P=0.000).COX regression model analysis showed that only KRAS mutation was an independent risk factor for disease free survival and overall survival(HR=1.776, 95%CI: 1.079-2.923, P=0.024; HR=1.923, 95%CI: 1.016-3.639, P=0.045); KRASG12D mutation was associated with shorter OS(P=0.007). Conclusion KRAS and its subgroup KRASG12D mutation can be used as a prognostic index for patients with radical resection of pancreatic cancer.

Objective:To explore the clinical value of autoantibodies in patients with liver disease.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the data of 1 495 outpatients or inpatients with liver disease in Beijing Ditan Hospital of Capital Medical University from August 2020 to April 2021. Indirect immunofluorescence and Western blot were used to detect antinuclear antibody (ANA) and antinuclear antibodies (ANAs).Results:ANA and ANAs were positive in patients with liver diseases of various etiologies. Among 1 495 patients with liver disease, 494 cases were ANA positive, the positive rate was 33.04%; 573 cases were positive for ANAs, the positive rate was 38.33%. The positive rate of ANA in the immune liver disease group (63.37%) was higher than that in the viral, alcoholic, fatty liver, confounding factors and other liver disease groups, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). The ANA positive rate between the viral, alcoholic, fatty liver, and confounding factor groups was statistically significant ( χ2=19.823, P<0.01), the positive rate of ANAs in the immune liver disease group (80.23%) was higher than that in other liver disease groups, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The antibody titer of immune liver disease group was mainly 1∶1000, and other liver disease etiology groups was mainly 1∶100. The two most common fluorescent karyotypes in liver disease groups of different etiologies are cytoplasmic and nuclear granular types. The most common specific antibody in the immune liver disease group was anti-mitochondrial antibody type 2 (anti-AMA-M2) antibody, the most common anti-Ro-52 antibody in viral, drug-induced, complex etiology, and other etiological groups, and the most common anti-SSA antibody in alcoholic liver disease. Anti-SSA antibody (17.44%), anti-SSB antibody (9.30%), anti-CENP-B antibody (22.09%), anti-Ro-52 antibody (41.28%), anti-AMA-M2 antibody (51.74%) were positive in immune liver disease group, The rate was higher than that of other liver disease etiology groups, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). When the ANA fluorescence karyotype is nuclear granule type, the positive rate of anti-CENP-B antibody, anti-Ro-52 antibody, and anti-AMA-M2 antibody in the immune liver disease group was higher than that in the viral liver disease group ( P<0.01), The positive rate of anti-Ro-52 antibody was higher than that of drug-induced liver disease group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The ANA titer of autoimmune liver disease was mainly (1∶1 000). ANAs were mainly positive for anti-SSA antibody, anti-SSB antibody, anti-CENP-B antibody, anti-Ro-52 antibody, and anti-AMA-M2 antibody, especially anti-AMA-M2 antibody. When combined with ANA fluorescent karyotype and ANAs for analysis, if the fluorescent karyotype is nuclear particle type, the positive anti-Ro-52 antibody in ANAs is more valuable in distinguishing immunity from viral and drug-induced liver diseases.