Objective To observe the effect of neuromuscular electric stimulation (NMES) on post-stroke dysphagia (PSD). Methods Two hundred patients with swallowing dysfunction after stroke were randomly divided into a control group with 67 cases and a study group with 133 cases. All patients received pharmacotherapy and swal-lowing training. The study group also received NMES. The study group was sub-divided into unilateral and bilateral cortical stroke sub-groups, an ischemic stroke sub-group and a hemorrhagic stroke sub-group. The swallowing levels of the groups were compared after 2 courses of treatment with NMES. Results After an average of 20 days of NMES treatment, the level of dysphagia and its severity improved significantly. The patients with dysphagia due to unilateral stroke improved, on average, more than those with bilateral stroke. Patients with dysphagia due to ischemic stroke improved more than those with hemorrhagic stroke. Conclusions NMES therapy combined with rehabilitation train-ing can significantly improve swallowing in patients with PSD.

Causative factors of multi-drug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB) were analyzed from iatrogenic angles, patients themselves, and society. Reviewed was the development of treatment strategies for MDR-TB from directly observed treatment short-course (DOTS) to DOTS-Plus. The history of Chinese medicine (CM) fighting TB and characteristics at the present stage were also analyzed. Authors pointed out that CM pays attention not only to killing pathogens and confirms the necessity of getting rid of pathogens, but also to cascade response caused by pathogens. It also regards the occurrence and development of MDR-TB as a whole by combining patients' conditions, climatic, geographic, psychological, and social factors. Authors believed that therapeutic principles under guidance of CM holistic view are of positive significance and inspiration in treating MDR-TB, and emphasized holistic view as basic strategies for treating MDR-TB, but not a single countermeasure.
Antitubercular Agents ; therapeutic use ; Holistic Health ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant ; therapy

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of hemoperfusion(HP) in treating severe tetramine intoxication.Methods Fourty-eight children with severe tetramine intoxication from January 1999 to December 2002 were enrolled into two groups:HP treatment group and routine treatment group. Routine treatment group was treated with general therapy,such as gastrdavage,catharsis and so on. While hemoperfusion was added to HP treatment group besides general therapy.Results The number of cure in HP treatment group was higher than that in routine treatment group(? 2=8.17 P

Objective To study the effects of intrathecally administered morphine and ketamine on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and nitric oxide content in the spinal cord.Methods Thirty-two male Wistar rats weighing 220-260 g were anesthetized with intraperitoneal chloral hydrate 300 mg?kg-1 . A catheter was implanted in subarachnoid space at lumbal region. Sciatic constriction injury (SCI) was produced by loose ligation of right sciatic nerve trunk with 4-0 cutgut. On the 4th postoperative day the animals were randomly divided into four groups of 8 animals :(1) control group (C); (2) morphine group (M);(3) ketamine group (K) and morphine-ketamine group (KM) . Morphine 20 ?g / ketamine 20 ?g / morphine 10 ?g + ketamine 10 ?g were injected intrathecally every day for 7 consecutive days in group M, K and KM. In control group normal saline was injected intrathecally instead of morphine and / or ketamine. The withdrawal latenvies to radiant heat focused on plantar surface were measured as radiant heat threshold before intrathecal administration of the analgesic (baseline) and 30 min after intrathecal administration of ketamine and / or morphine every day for 7consecutive days. The percentage of maximal possible effect ( MPE % ) was calculated : MPE % = (latency after intrathecal administration-baseline latency) / (radiant heat cut-off time-baseline latency) X 100% . After 7 days of intrathecal administration the animals were decapitated and the spinal cord was immediately removed and the lumbal spinal cord was dissected on ice. NOS activity and nitric oxide ( NO) content were measured by spectrophotometry. Results MPE % was significantly higher in group M and KM than in group C and K ( P

China ; epidemiology ; Databases, Bibliographic ; Humans ; Lead Poisoning ; epidemiology ; Occupational Exposure ; Workplace

At present, lung cancer has entered a new era of immunotherapy. However, a single immunotherapy is unable to satisfy the requirements of the immune microenvironment. More and more different combined immunotherapy schemes have become effective methods to overcome immune resistance. As a promising target in the novel immunotherapy, cancer-testis antigen (CTA) is a highly specific tumor antigen to produce a powerful anti-tumor immune response that is almost only expressed in malignant tumors. This article reviews the research progress of CTA's expression, function and immunotherapy application in lung cancer.

Objective To explore the predictive value of P wave dispersion (Pd) and maximum P wave duration (Pmax) of 12 lead ECG in patients with atrial arrhythmia.Methods51 cases of atrial arrhythmia group from October 2013 to April 2015 in Jiashan County First People's Hospital, patients with frequent atrial premature atrial tachycardia, were examined for the determination of P wave dispersion by 12 lead electrocardiograms (Pd) and maximum P wave duration (Pmax), and 53 healthy persons (control group) were compared.ResultsAtrial arrhythmia group Pd and Pmax were significantly higher than the control group, the rate is Pmax=100ms with Pd=40ms high prediction of atrial arrhythmia sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic, Pd=40ms=100ms combined with Pmax diagnosis, the sensitivity increased, but the specificity and diagnostic rate of decline.ConclusionPd is an effective index to predict atrial arrhythmias, and the combined detection of Pd and Pmax can improve the diagnostic sensitivity.

Adolescent ; Atrial Appendage ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Humans ; Tachycardia, Ectopic Atrial ; diagnosis ; Tachycardia, Sinus ; diagnosis

Objective To observe the numerical characteristics of dendritic cells (DC),the DC subsets(myeloid dendritic cell,MDC; plasmacytoid dendritic cell,PDC) and CD4+ CD25 + CD127low/-Tr cells in peripheral blood of Graves disease (GD) patients.Methods According to the clinical manifestations and serum FT3,FT4 and TSH,the GD patients were divided into the untreated-group,the clinical remission group and the clinical stable group,and set normal control group as well.The flow cytometry was used to detect DC and CD4+CD25+CD127low/-Tr cells of the percentage of CD4+ T cells in subjects peripheral blood(EDTA-K2 anticoagulated).The indicators were compared among various groups,and the correlation between the indicators with serum FT3,FT4 and TSH were observed.Results (1) In the untreated-group,the clinical remission group,the clinical stable group,and normal control group,total DCs,MDCs and MDC/PDC gradually declined,untreated-group has a significant difference from the other three groups also the significant difference was found among other three groups; (2) In the untreated-group,the clinical remission group,the clinical stable group,and normal control group,PDCs declined successively,but only the difference was found between untreated-group and normal control group; (3)In the untreated-group,the clinical remission group,the clinical stable group,and normal control group,CD4+CD25+CD127low/-Tr cells gradually raised,but only the difference between untreated-group and normal control group make sense; (4)In the untreated-group,PDCs and CD4+CD25+CD127low/-Tr cells have a certain relevance; (5)There was good correlation between DCs and serum FT3,FT4 and TSH,but CD4+CD25+CD127low/-Tr cells only have correlation with FT3 and FT4.Conclusion DC,MDC,MDC/PDC increased in the untreated-GD patients,and decreased after the therapy of anti-thyroid.Therefore,DCs and the DC subsets are expected to be used to monitor GD in the course of disease.CD4+CD25+CD127low/-Tr cells can be used as a new indicator of the onset of GD.

Objective To determine the incidence of clinically common acute avulsions of the popliteus tendon (PT) and the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) of the femur (peel-off lesion) in knees with multiple injured ligaments.Methods A retrospective review of 48 acute grade 3 posterolateral corner (PLC) knee surgeries was conducted.All office evaluations were reviewed to determine the demographic data,tear description,preoperative MRI examination,physical examination under anesthesia,intraoperative arthroscopic findings and surgical techniques.Results In total,19 patients were surgically verified as having femoral peel-off lesions as a portion of a series of multiple pathologic findings.Tear patterns were typically categorized into 3 patterns:isolated PT tear (pattern 1,4 patients),combined PT and LCL tears (pattern 2,8 patients) and complex tears (associated intrasubstance and/or fibular-based injuries,pattern 3,7 patients).Seventeen of the 19 patients underwent preoperative MRI examination,which demonstrated conclusive signs of femoral insertion separation and discontinuity in 13 patients (76%) and inconclusive signs of femoral insertion separation.Examination under anesthesia (EUA) revealed that for the 4 patients with pattern 1 injuries,the tibial external rotation increases were all greater than 10°.For the 15 patients with pattern 2 and 3 injuries,the yarus instability was as follows:grade 3 in 8 patients,grade 2 in 2,grade 1 in 1,and negative in 4.External rotation increases were greater than 10° in 12 patients and less than 10° in 3.Seventeen of the 19 patients were inspected with an arthroscope prior to PLC surgery:of these patients,94% had acute avulsion findings and positive lateral gutter drive-through sign;8 patients were repaired with recess or reattachment procedures;6 patients were primarily reconstructed;4 patients were treated with combined repair and reconstruction;and 1 patient was left untreated for secondary reconstruction due to priority repair for concurrent patellar tendon rupture.Conclusion For adequate clinical identification,we recommend a comprehensive diagnostic protocol,including MRI,physical examination and arthroscopic inspection,to avoid underdiagnosis of the lesion in multiple-ligament injured knees.The lateral gutter arthroscopic evaluation is particularly sensitive for detecting the lesion.