Objective To investigate the characteristics and extent of mononuclear ceils DNA damage in peripheral blood of mice fed with low dose T-2 toxin and Deoxynivalenol(DON) alone or in combination and to explore the long-term toxicity of the toxin at sub-clinical dose. Methods Eighty female Balb/c mice weighing (14.0 ± 1.5)g 3 weeks after birth were divided randomly into control group, T-2 toxin group, DON group and T-2 toxin combined with DON group according to their body weight, 20 in each group. The mice were injected intraperitoneally T-2 toxin(5 μg·kg-1·d-1), DON(20 μg·kg-1·d-1), T-2 toxin(5 μg·kg-1·d-1) combined with:DON (20μg·kg-1·d-1)respectively,control group were treated by isotonic NaCl. In 16 weeks and 21 weeks of exposure, the tail blood of the mice was collected. The comet rate, tail DNA content,tail length and tail extent moment of mouse mononuclear ceils in peripheral blood was observed using single cell gel electrophoresis(SCGE). Results ① In T-2 toxin group,tail DNA content,tail length and tail extent moment were (27.71 ± 15.85)%, (13.67 ± 5.56)μm, 4.26 ± 3.83 at 16 weeks and (28.38 ± 15.57)%, (13.83 ± 5.47)μm, 4.37 ± 3.82 at 21 weeks, all levels of the indexes increased. In the control group, the corresponding values were (11.87 ± 4.61)%, (10.59±6.70)μm, 1.34±0.98 at 16 weeks and (11.31 ± 3.94)%, (10.83 ± 7.05)μm, 1.29±1.01 at 21 weeks, the differences in the two groups were significant (all P < 0.05) ;②In DON group, the comet rate of cells, tail DNA content and tail extent moment of comet ceils were 5.62%, (28.13 ±13.31)%, 3.39 ± 2.35 at 16 weeks and 7.71%, (29.17 ± 15.12)%, 5.70 ± 4.17 at 21 weeks. In the control group, the tailing rate was 4.34% at 16 weeks and 4.38% at 21 weeks, the differences in the two groups were significant (all P < 0.05);③In the group of T-2 toxin combined with DON,the comet rate, tail DNA content, tail length and tail extent moment was 6.21%, (30.14 ± 15.48)%, (16.93± 6.58)μm, 5.54 ± 4.22 at 16 weeks and 8.17%, (30.85 ± 15.76)%, (17,21±6.45)μm, 5.70 ± 4.17 at 21 weeks. Moreover, the levels were significantly higher than that in the control group(all P < 0.05). The tail DNA content and length of comet cell tail significantly increased in the combine group compared with T-2 group or DON group(P < 0.05). Conclusions Low dose T-2 toxin or DON can definitely result in DNA damage of mononuclear cells in peripheral blood of mice. The damage induced by T-2 toxin combined with DON is severer than that caused by T-2 toxin or DON alone.

Plant expression cassette for TaDREB from wheat was constructed into plasmid pBIR1.Aloe stems were used as explants for the transformation mediated by Agrobaterium.Infected tissues were selected using G418 to generate transformants.In total,58 resistant plantlets to the antibiotics were obtained from the infected explants.The designed primers according to the selective gene npt II and the target gene TaDREB were used to analyze all of the G418 resistant plantlets.PCR results demonstrated that TaDREB were successful transferred into aloe genomic with the transformation efficiency of 0.5%.The transgenic aloe plants were treated under 4℃ for two weeks and then at-20℃ for 30min.The treatment showed that the leaves of negative plants appeared severe evidence of freeze injury with brown,withered and translucent,while the positive plants appeared good growing condition.The activities of enzymes such as peroxidase(POD)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)of transgenic plants which were stressed for 14 days under low temperature were analyzed.The results indicated that the trend of SOD and POD activities in transgenic plants was down-up-up-up,and that in non-transgenic plants was down-up-down-down.The average value of relative electrical conductivity in the positive plants was 0.456 which was lower than 0.685 in the negative plants.It is supposed that transformation of the kind of gene could improve the resistant ability of aloe to low temperature.

Background Retinal neovascularization disease is a common cause of blinding.Retinal neovascularization is related to enhancing proliferation of vascular endothelial cells.So how to inhibit proliferation of vascular endothelial cells is a hot burning issue.p21 is known to be involved in the regulation of cell cycle and therefore inhibit the cell proliferation.However,the relationship of p21 and the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells in retinal neovascularization disease is for further study.Objective The aim of this experiment was to study the proliferation of rhesus retinal vascular endothelial cells(RF/6A) and expression of p21 in RF/6A cells under the hypoxia condition,and discuss their association.Methods The RF/6A cells were cultured and passaged in vitro,then they were randomly divided into normoxia culture group(5％ CO2 +95％ O2) and hypoxia for 1 hour,3,6,12 hours group(1％ 02+5％ CO2 +94％ N2).Flow cytometer(FCM) was used to check the distribution of RF/6A cell cycle in the normoxia culture group and hypoxia for 1 hour,3,6,12 hours groups.MTT assay was used to detect and compare the cell proliferation(A570)among the various groups.The expression of p21 in the cells was analyzed by Western blot.Results FCM showed that the cells proportion of G0/G1 stage was reduced initially and then increased afterward in hypoxia for 1 hour and 3,6,12 hours groups,showing a significant difference among 5 groups (F =20.083,P =0.000),and the cells proportion of S stage and G2/M stage were increased firstly and then declined in different hypoxia groups with statistical significances (F =7.861,P =0.001 ; F =10.305,P =0.003).Compared with normoxia culture group,cells proportion of G0/G1 stage was declined and that of S stage and G2/M stage were raised after hypoxia culture,showing statistically signifcant differences(P＜0.05).MTT showed that cell multiplication capacity(A570 value)strengthened firstly and then weakened in hypoxia groups with time prolongation,showing a significant difference among all the groups(F=7.768,P=0.001),and A570 value in hypoxia for 3 hours and 6 hours groups (0.315± 0.062,0.365 ± 0.064) was significantly higher than that of the normoxia group (0.205 ± 0.063),respectively(P＜0.05).Western blot showed that the expression of p21 in the cells down-regulated at the beginning and then up-regulated with the increase of hypoxia time,and there was statistical significance (F =16.738,P=0.000).The p21 relative levels in different hypoxia groups were reduced in comparison with the normoxia group,showing statistical signifcances(P＜0.05).Conclusions Short-term hypoxia could reduce the expression of the p21 in RF/6A and induce cell proliferation initially,then p21 increases and cell proliferation is inhibited with the prolongation of hypoxia time.

The expression of specific genes in sex chromosomes is the basis of sex-specific membrane protein in mammalian spermatozoa. The gene expression products are shared among spermatozoa through intercellular bridges, however, the phenomena of male transmission-ratio distortion and sex ratio distortion proved that differential proteins exist between X and Y spermatozoa. In addition, the existence of sex-specific proteins was confirmed by the separation experiment of X/Y chromosome bearing spermatozoa and the detection result of sex specific proteins. At the same time, it was also confirmed that the difference of the sex-specific protein is weak . The advance of separation techniques as well as the integration and optimization among these techniques has made it possible to separate sex-specific membrane proteins in mammalian spermatozoa.

Adenoidectomy ; Adenoids ; pathology ; surgery ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Postoperative Period

This article introduces a novel scavenger for waste anesthetic gas which makes use of negative pressure in operating room. This setting can scavenge the exhaust gas absolutely without affection the normal work of anaesthesia.
Anesthetics ; Gas Scavengers ; Operating Rooms

Objective To observe the effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Qingshen granule on signal transduction pathway of fokal adhesion kinase-rat sarcoma-mitogen activated protein kinase (FAK-Ras-MAPK) in renal tissue of rats with renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF). Methods Forty Spargue-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normal control, model, Bailing capsule and Qingshen granule groups (each, n = 10). The rat model with RIF was reproduced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) or ligation method. The rats in Bailing capsule group were treated with Bailing capsule dissolved in 4 mL warm water, and the dosage was 0.3 g·kg-1·d-1 for intragastric administration;the rats in Qingshen granule group were treated with Qingshen granule dissolved in 4 mL warm water, its dosage was 6 g·kg-1·d-1 for intragastric administration, and equal volume of normal saline was given to normal control group and model group by gavage. After treatment for 8 weeks, the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), fibronectin (FN),α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were determined in each groups. The renal tissue expression levels of FAK, Ras, p38MAPK, FN, α-SMA were determined in various groups by immunohistochemistry staining method. Results Compared with the normal control group, the levels of serum BUN, SCr, FN and α-SMA were significantly increased in the model group. There were no significant differences in the levels of serum BUN and SCr before administration of drugs between Bailing capsule group and Qingshen granule group (both P>0.05). The levels of BUN, SCr, FN, andα-SMA were all significantly lowered in the two treatment groups than those of the model group after administration, the descent in Qingshen granule group being more marked [BUN (mmol/L):13.18±4.91 vs. 18.56±5.59, SCr (μmol/L): 104.80±12.04 vs. 119.02±12.47, FN (mg/L): 29.72±16.75 vs. 46.38±8.63, α-SMA (kU/L):5.49±2.68 vs. 7.13±2.37, all P < 0.05]. The immunohistochemistry staining showed: the kidney tissue expression levels of FAK, Ras, p38MAPK, FN, and α-SMA in the model group were significantly higher than those of normal control group, above indexes were all significantly lower in Bailing capsule group and Qingshen granule group than those of the model group, and the descent in Qingshen granule group was more obvious (FAK: 3.00±1.41 vs. 5.28±2.21, FN: 4.25±1.04 vs. 6.29±2.06, α-SMA: 3.25±1.28 vs. 4.86±1.57, p38MAPK: 2.50±1.31 vs. 4.71±2.50, Ras:3.50±1.41 vs. 4.29±1.38, all P<0.05). Conclusion Qingshen granule can reduce serum BUN and SCr levels in rats with RIF, and inhibit the activation of FAK-Ras-MAPK signal transduction pathway in the kidney, thereby it may reduce the generation of FN andα-SMA and play a role of anti-RIF.

BACKGROUND:Recombinant fusion protein is cascaded by staphylokinase and hirudin according to the thrombin cognition sequence, and has double functions and a molecular weight of 23 ku. The recombinant fusion protein can be highly expressed in the engineering bacteria at high-density fermentation. OBJECTIVE:To construct and purify recombinant staphylokinase-hirudin fusion protein in the engineering bacteria after high-density fermentation, and to explore the feasibility of construction and the expression value. METHODS:The engineering bacteria were cultured at high density and staphylokinase-hirudin fusion protein was induced to express. The bacteria were centrifuged and ultrafiltrated after repeated freezing and thawing. The supernatant was colected with ion exchange chromatography method. The staphylokinase-hirudin fusion protein was isolated and purified, then the fibrinolytic activity and expression in bacteria were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The engineering bacteria were cultured and the fusion protein was induced at 17 hours. The results showed that, staphylokinase-hirudin fusion protein expression was detected at 0.5 hours after induction, and the expression levels were increased as the fermentation time; at 20 hours, the expression level reached the peak. The dried weight of the bacteria was 32.20 g/L and the expression level of target proteins was 1.48 g/L. After purification, the purity of recombinant staphylokinase-hirudin fusion protein was as high as 98%, fibrinolytic activity was about 2.6×104 IU/mg, the probability of activity recovery was 56%. The purification process of recombinant staphylokinase-hirudin fusion protein is convenient, less time, repeatable and alows large-scale production.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of laparoscopic cystogastrostomy for retrogastric pancreatic pseudocysts.Methods Five patients suffering from retrogastric pancreatic pseudocysts caused by severe acute biliary pancreatitis received conservative management for 2 ～ 6 months,and the sizes of pseudocysts were 8,10,12,14,15 cm.All the 5 patients received laparoscopic cystogastrostomy,and 4 ports methods was applied,through anterior gastric wall,the posterior gastric wall and pancreatic pseudocysts were incised by using harmonic scalpel,then cystogastrostomy was performed to drain the pseudocysts.Results Laparoscopic cystogastrostomy for retrogastric pancreatic pseudocysts was successful in all patients,theoperation time was 90,105,115,120,150 minutes.The blood loss was 100,150,150,200,300 ml.No intra-gastric bleeding occurred.After 1 month follow-up,all the pseudocysts disappeared,and there was no acute pancreatitis and local infection recurrence.Gastric leakage occurred 7 d after operation in one patient,and was healed after one month of conservative management.Conclusions Laparoscopic cystogastrostomy through gastric cavity for retrogastric pancreatic pseudocysts is simple and effective,mini-invasive,and it can be an alternative therapeutic method for pancreatic pseudocysts.

ObjectiveTo analyse the clinical characteristics of pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) which coexists with extrapancreatic malignancy (EPM),with an aim to provide strategies for clinical diagnosis and treatment.MethodsThe PubMed was used to search for the pancreatic IPMN related articles with positive pathologic results.A pooled analysis was then performed.The ratio ofpancreatic IPMNs coexisting with EPMs and the locations (or the type) of EPMs were analyzed.ResultsAfter a strict process of screening,18 articles met the pre-determined standardsand were accepted.Of the 1327 patients,363 had coexisting EPMs (27.35％).There were 392 EPMs in these 363 patients.The EPMs occurred in almost all the systems of the body,especially in the digestive tract and its related organs,which accounted for 63.06％ of the EPMs. Conclusions There is a tendency for patients with pancreatic IPMN to have coexisting EPM. More than half of these EPMs are malignant tumors in the digestive system. When pancreatic IPMN is diagnosed,the clinician should be aware of the possible coexistence of an EPM and should look for the possibility of a new EPM developing in a patient after treatment of pancreatic IPMN.