Phospho-histone H2AX(γH2AX) has been widely used in vitro genotoxicity evaluation of ionizing radiation, carcinogenic substances and cigarette smoke as an important biomarker of DNA double stranded breaks ( DSBs) . The study developed an enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay for detection of the content ofγH2AX in cells to evaluate the genotoxicity of cigarette smoke. The study exposed CHO cells with cigarette smoke total particulate matter ( TPM) and cigarette smoke condensate ( CSC) of different dose, dose-effect relationship between smoke exposure and DNA damage and the poisonous difference of cigarette smoke components has been investigated by detecting the content change ofγH2 AX in cells under different exposure time and dose. In addition, reactive oxygen species ( ROS) in cells were also detected to study the mechanism of cigarette smoke exposure induced DSBs. The experiment result showed that the required time for the level ofγH2AX in cells grew to the peak prolonged with increased exposure dose. Once the level of γH2AX in cells grew to the peak value, then it decreased slowly; the level of γH2AX in cells rised with increasing dose of cigarette smoke;The effect of TPM on the content change of γH2AX was more than CSC; Moreover, smoke exposure could induce concentration increase of ROS in cells, and a good correlation of content change of ROS and γH2AX in cells were found, free radicals in cigarette smoke may be one major cause of DSBs.

Objective To investigate the safety of thyroid gland resection and primary resection in the treatment of thyroid nodule and its influence to thyroid function.Methods 86 patients with thyroid nodules were selected as the research subjects.The patients were randomly divided into two groups.43 cases in the observation group implemented the thyroid gland resection treatment.43 cases in the control group received thyroid gland subtotal resection.The curative effect,safety,thyroid function and other indicators were compared between the two groups.Results The operation time and hospitalization time in the observation group after operation[(105.65 ± 12.54)min;(6.35 ± 2.01)d]were shorter than those in the control group[(149.41 ± 13.68)min;(9.62 ± 2.45)d].The amount of bleeding during operation in the control group [(134.51 ± 9.64) mL] was significantly higher than the observation group [(84.62 ± 6.35) mL],there was significant difference between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05).The total effective rate of the observation group was 95.55％,which was significantly higher than 72.09％ in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Before operation,the between the two groups had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).After surgical treatment,serum FT3 and serum FT4 levels in two groups were decreased,but those in the observation group[(11.62 ± 3.02),(51.24 ± 7.25)pmol/L] were significantly lower than the control group [(14.14 ± 5.11) pmoL/L;(60.52 ± 6.35) pmol/L],there were obvious differences (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence rate of complications such as throat edema,hemorrhage,postoperative hoarseness in the observation group was 9.30％,which in the control group was 23.26％,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The thyroid gland resection therapy for thyroid nodules has high safety and significant curative effect,it can quickly improve the thyroid function,reduce relapse rate,has higher application value in benign and malignant tumors indistinguishable after surgery.It can reduce the length of stay in hospital,is conducive to the recovery of patients,it is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective To analysis the result of tumor screening for health examination participants.Methods Tumor screening was applied for 15 863 health examination participants without malignant tumor disease history.Clinical examination,laboratory tests and imaging studies were comprehensively analysed combining the results of other medical items.The cancer detection rate and asymptomatic rate were compared among groups of different age,gender and existence of relevant clinical symptoms,respectively.χ2 test and Fisher exact test were adopted for statistical analysis.Results Among 475 tumor patients with a definite diagnosis,116 were malignant tumor;The total detection rate of the group who were younger than 35 year-old(0.617%)was higher than other groups,the detection rate of intracranial neoplasms of the two groups who were younger than 45 year-old (0.206% and 0.132%,respectively)was higher than other groups,the total detection rate of 75-85 group (0.248%)was lower than other groups; The detection rate of lung cancer,liver cancer of the male(0.228% and 0.080%,respectively)was higher than the female,The detection rate of breast cancer and intracranial neoplasms of the female(0.366% and 0.100%,respectively)was higher than the male; There are 67 patients without correlated clinical symptoms,the asymptomatic rate was 57.8%.Conclusions Tumor screening was of importance in health management,which should be carried out actively in health examination.

Objective To investigate the significance of XAGE-1bmRNA expression in the blood specimens of patients with primary liver cancer, cirrhosis and benign liver diseases and in healthy individuals. Methods Venous blood specimens of patients with primary liver cancer (n= 125), cirrhosis (n= 23), benign liver diseases (n= 34) and healthy individuals (n = 41 ) were collected. XAGE-1b mRNA was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results The expression levels of XAGE-1b mRNA in patients with primary liver cancer, cirrhosis, benign liver diseases and healthy in dividuals were 3.72 (0.93, 10.2) ×10-5, 0 (0, 0. 56) ×10-5, 0 (0, 0)×10-5, 0 (0, 0) ×10-5, respectively. The XAGE-1b mRNA expression in patients with primary liver cancer was obviously higher than the patients with cirrhosis, benign liver diseases and in healthy individuals. The expression levels for patients with cirrhosis was higher than patients with benign liver diseases and in healthy individuals. The expression levels for patients with benign liver diseases and healthy individuals were similar. With a optimal cut-off value of 8. 385 × 10-7 , the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of XAGE-lb mRNA for diagnosing primary liver cancer were 80. 0%, 89.8%, 90.9% and 77.9% respectively. The positive rates for patients with primary liver cancer and cirrhosis were 80.0% and 30.4% respectively. Conclusion XAGE-lb mRNA can be used as a tumor marker for primary liver cancer. It contributes to the differentiation between primary liver cancer, cirrhosis and benign liver diseases.

Objectives To investigate preparation of gemcitabine albumin nanoparticles, and its property of slow-release, the cytotoxic effect on pancreatic cancer cells (PANC1) in vitro, for improving the effect of regional intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer with new medicament in the future. Methods The gemcitabine albumin nanoparticles were prepared with bovine serum albumin and gemcitabine with the desolvation-crosslink method, the concentration of gemcitabine was detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The cytotoxic effect on pancreatic cancer cells in vitro were detected with MTT colorimetric assay. Results The mean diameter of gemcitabine albumin nanoparticles was (156.2±2.2) nm, and Zeta potential was (-20.4±1.41)mV, drug loading was 10.8%, drug release time in virto was 3 hours respectively. Gemcitabine albumin nanoparticles (0.01～50 μg/ml) had a 31%～44% inhibitory rate on PANC1 cell, which was similar to the inhibitory rate of same concentration of gemcitabine (26%～47%). Conclusions The new preparation of gemcitabine albumin nanoparticles had obvious drug slow-release effect, which may help improve the effect of regional intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer.

AIM : To construct and analyze eukaryotic expression plasmid inserted by Cx50 with V64G mutation through bioinformatics software.METHODS: The full coding domain sequence of Cx50 with V64G mutation was acquired from the blood of patients with cataract and was cloned into pcDNA3.1 /Amp (+).The constructed plasmid was identified with PCR , enzyme digestion and sequencing. The analysis of Cx50 with V64G mutation was performed with bioinformatics software.RESULTS : Cx50 with V64G mutation was successfully amplified and its eukaryotic expression plasmid was constructed. Valine-64 is well conserved in the first extracellular loop of connexin 50 in different species and also in different human α -type gap junctional proteins.CONCLUSION : The successive reconstruction and verification of eukaryotic expression plasmid containing Cx50 with V64G mutation established the foundation for further studying the mechanism of cataract.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficacy of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) therapy for HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B.

METHODSSixty-five Chinese HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients were treated with 5 MU recombinant rIFN-alpha 1b subcutaneously thrice weekly for 5 to 24 months, followed by 12 months of treatment-free follow-up; one hundred and eighty-eight Chinese HBeAg-positive patients served as controls. For each patient, serum alanine transaminase (ALT) was measured biochemically and serum HBV DNA level was detected with fluorescent-quantitative PCR, HBeAg with enzymoimmunoassay every 1 to 3 months during therapy and during the follow-up period. HBeAg loss (only for HBeAg-positive cases), HBV DNA undetectable, and ALT normalization: the three together were considered a combined response.

RESULTSRates of combined response were similar in HBeAg-negative patients (58.5%, 38/65) or HBeAg-positive ones at the end of treatment (weighted chi square test, chi2 = 1.878, P<0.05), but were higher at the end of the follow-up period in the HBeAg-negative cases (75.4%, 49/65) (weighted chi square test, chi2 = 4.796, P<0.05). Furthermore, relapse rates at the end of the follow-up period, were also similar in HBeAg-negative patients (15.8%, 6/38) or HBeAg positive (chi2 = 0.205, P>0.05). Combined response was achieved at a median of 6.0 months (2-16 months) of treatment course in HBeAg-negative patients while at a median of 6.0 months (1-22 months) in HBeAg-positive cases (Z = -0.186, P>0.05, by the Wilcoxon rank sum test). The only factor predictive of combined response, by binary logistic regression analysis, was inflammatory activity in the liver biopsy. Gender, age, baseline ALT level, baseline HBV DNA level, and anti-HBe were not predictive factors.

CONCLUSIONInterferon-alpha therapy induces a similar primary and sustained response in HBeAg-negative and in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients.

Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; immunology ; therapy ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation between the stage of hepatic fibrosis and ultrasonographic findings of the liver, spleen and gallbladder and establish a sensitive ultrasonographic semi-quantitative scoring system for screening compensated liver cirrhosis.

METHODSTotalling 248 patients with chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infection underwent liver biopsy and ultrasonic examination. The images of the liver surface, parenchymal echo, intrahepatic vessels, gallbladder, spleen and diameter of portal vein were analyzed.

RESULTSThe stages of hepatic fibrosis were not correlated to ultrasonographic findings of the liver surface or diameter of portal vein, but hepatic fibrosis of different stages showed significant differences in parenchymal echo, intrahepatic vessels, gallbladder and splenomegaly. In cases with normal liver parenchymal, intrahepatic vessels, gallbladder and spleen, the negative predictive value of the ultrasonographic semi-quantitative scoring system for diagnosing compensated liver cirrhosis amounted to 96.3%. The sensitivity of a score not lower than 5 was 90% for detecting compensated cirrhosis. With a score not lower than 7, the diagnostic accuracy and specificity was 85.9% and 95.2%, respectively, but the sensitivity was lowered to 37.5%.

CONCLUSIONThe ultrasonic images of the liver parenchyma, intrahepatic vessels, gallbladder and spleen in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis vary significantly in patients with hepatic fibrosis of different stages, and this ultrasonographic scoring system allows for a sensitive diagnosis of compensated cirrhosis.

Female ; Fibrosis ; Gallbladder ; diagnostic imaging ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; complications ; Hepatitis C ; complications ; Humans ; Liver ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; virology ; Liver Cirrhosis ; complications ; diagnosis ; Male ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spleen ; diagnostic imaging ; Splenomegaly ; diagnostic imaging ; Ultrasonography ; methods

Adult ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recovery of Function ; Scapula ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo explore the correlation between ultrasonic scores, routine blood tests and stages of hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and identify non-invasive indexes to establish a diagnostic model for liver cirrhosis.

METHODSA retrospective analysis of 428 patients with CHB undergoing liver biopsies was conducted. The patients' hematology, serum biochemical indexes, serum alpha fetal proteins (AFP), serum HBeAg status and ultrasonic scores were statistically analyzed. A diagnostic model was established by stepwise discriminant analysis, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to platelet ratio index (APRI) was used to estimate the diagnostic value.

RESULTSPartial correlation analysis indicated that platelet, serum albumin, bilirubin, AST, ratio of AST to alanine aminotransferase, prothrombin time and ultrasonic scores were correlated to the stages of liver fibrosis, and significantly differed between patients with and without liver cirrhosis. Logistic regression analysis identified ultrasonic scores, platelet, serum bilirubin, albumin and AST as indexes affecting the diagnosis of compensated cirrhosis. The area under receiver operation curve of model was 0.907. The cirrhosis index (CI) of -0.94 for this model was suitable for screening, with specificity of 85.0%, sensitivity of 81.7%, and accuracy of 84.3%. About 56.2% of the patients' CI was lower than -2.0 with the negative predictive value of 97.0% and the rate of missed diagnosis of 3.0%. About 18.2% of the patients' cirrhosis probabilities were above 0.15, with positive predictive value of 77.3%, and only 2.7% of the patients had mild fibrosis (F2), suggesting that nearly 75% of the patients did not have to receive liver biopsies.

CONCLUSIONThis diagnostic model integrates the ultrasonic scores, platelet, serum bilirubin, albumin and AST to enable effective screening and prediction of compensated cirrhosis, and can reduce the number of patients required to undergo liver biopsy by about 75%.

Adult ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Bilirubin ; blood ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; complications ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; blood ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Platelet Count ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Serum Albumin ; analysis ; Ultrasonography