OBJECTIVE: To optimize the therapeutic regimen for acute cerebral infarction for clinical reference. METHODS: Medical records of patients in who acute cerebral infarction occurred for the first time in a hospital during 2003～2006 were analyzed statistically in respect of drug use. RESULTS: In terms of DDDs, dehydrants, diuretics, platelet aggregation inhibitors, promoting cerebral circulation agents and supportive drugs took the lead in this hospital. The DDDs of drugs used for complications in descending order were antiinfectives, hypotensors, and drugs for heart diseases. CONCLUSION: The drugs used for inpatients with acute cerebral infarction varied in kinds; therefore, clinical choice of drugs and the rationality of drug use remain to be further studied.

This review describes the observations that constitutive ATM activation (CAA) and H2AX phosphoryla-tion (CHP) caused by endogenous oxidants in normal cells as well in tumor cell lines.This review also reported the findings on differences in CAA and CHP on the effects of several agents and growth conditions.

Gossypol is a kind of yellow polyphenolic compounds extracted from root,stem and seed of the cotton plant. It had received significant attention for its potential application as a male antifertility agent. Then it was used to treat female hormone-dependent diseases,for instance,endometriosis,hysteromyoma,uterine bleeding and dysmenorrheal. Current recent researches showed that gossypol has multiple biological activities,such as anti-inflammatory,antimalarial,antiviral,antioxidant activities and so on,especially the activity to induce tumor cell apoptosis.

Gossypol is a kind of yellow polyphenolic compounds extracted from root, stem and seed of the cotton plant. It had received significant attention for its potential application as a male antifertility agent. Then it was used to treat female hormone-dependent diseases, for instance, endometriosis, hysteromyoma, uterine bleeding and dys-menorrheal. Current recent researches showed that gossypol has multiple biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory , antimalarial, antiviral, antioxidant activities and so on, especially the activity to induce tumor cell apoptosis.

Objective To compare the effect of compression hollow screw fixation,artificial femoral head replacement and total hip replacement in the elderly.Methods From August 2007 to April 2009,152 cases of femoral neck fracture in the elderly were divided into three groups: compression hollow screw fixation group(54 patients,24 males,with an average age of 59.8±5.3 years);artificial femoral head replacement group(48 patients,16 males,with an average age of 65.3±6.7 years);and total hip replacement group(50 patients,18 males,with an average age of 77.3±6.5 years).The evaluation indicators,including the average sugical time,the average amount of bleeding,the average length of stay and the average postopererative bed time,were compared respectively among the three groups.The postoperative evaluation was made according to Harris Score.Results Harris score in the three groups were 21 excellent and 23 good in the compression hollow screw fixation group,with an average score of 80.52±2.70;26 excellent and 14 good in the artificial femoral head replacement group,with an average score of 86.57±1.90;and 42 excellent and 3 good in the total hip replacement group,with an average score of 96.04±2.10.The total hip replacement group was significantly better than the other two groups(H=0.589,F=12.151,Ps＜0.05).The rate of postoperative complications were 25.93%(14/54) in the compression hollow screw fixation group,18.75%(9/48) in the artificial femoral head replacement group and 4.00%(2/50) in the total hip replacement group(H=1.291,P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared among the three surgery,total hip replacement could resume function and improve the quality of life better,with lower rate of complications.However,the surgical injury and the amount of bleeding were largest.Therefore,we suggest selecting appropriate surgery with considering the patient′s age,physical condition,displacement degree of the fracture,et al.in old femoral neck fractures patients.

ObjectiveTo analyze the distribution and density of Langerhans cells and dermal CD68 positive histiocytes in lesions of secondary keloid.MethodsTissue specimens were resected from the lesions of 30 patients with secondary keloid and normal skin of 14 human controls.Immunohistochemistry was performed to observe the expressions of CD68 and CD1a in these specimens.A micrometer was used to count the number of positively stained cells per unit area.The Student's t test was conducted for data analysis by using the SPSS software.ResultsThe density of CD1a+ Langerhans cells was (61 ± 49) cells/mm2 in the epidermis of secondary keloid lesions, (258 ± 61 ) cells/mm2 in the control epidermis,and(40 ± 65) cells/mm2 in the dermis of keloid lesions.CD68+ cells were absent in the epidermis of keloid lesions.Significant differences were observed in the density of CD1a+ Langerhans cells between the lesional and normal control epidermis(t =9.88,P ＜ 0.001 ) and in the percentage of CD68+ cells in nucleated cells between the superficial dermis of lesions and control skin(62％ ± 12％ vs.70％ ± 14％,t =2.66,P ＜ 0.05).The density of dermal CD68+ histiocytes was similar between the lesions and control skin ((287 ± 73) cells/mm2 vs.(290 ± 22) cell/mm2,t =0.02,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions In keloid lesions,Langerhans cells decrease in the epidermis but increase in the dermis,CD68+ histiocytes are absent in the epidermis,and reduced in the dermis with a declined percentage in nucleated cells.

BackgroundThe study of the molecular mechanism of visual plasticity is helpful for the explaining and prevention of strabismus and amblyopia.The effect and significance of NogoA in the strabismus and amblyopia formation are attracting more attention.ObjectiveThe present study was to investigate the expression of NogoA in 21a area of visual cortex in strabismic-induced amblyopia cats and explore the possible molecular mechanism of strabismic-induced amblyopia.MethodsSixteen 4-week old clean cats were randomizedly divided into normal group and strabismic-induced amblyopia group and eight for each group.The strabismic-induced amblyopia models were created by cutting off the external rectus in 8 cats.Pattern visual evoked potentials ( P-VEP ) were recorded 1 week after operation and compared with normal cats,and depression of amplitude and prolongation of implied time of P100 wave were as the successful criterion of model.The 200 ml paraformaldehyde was infused via heart to fax the brain under the deep anesthesia and then the cats were sacrificed and the brain cortex sections were prepared.The morphology of 21a zone of cat visual cortex was examined by haematoxylin and eosin staining,and the expressions of NogoA in 21a area of visual cortex were detected by immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antiNogoA antibody.The use of the animals complied with the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.ResultsThe implied time and amplitude ratio of VEP P100 wave were (98.10±7.07)ms and (0.83±0.14) in normal group,and those in strabismic-induced amblyopia group were (108.50±6.95 )ms and (0.35 ±0.09 ),showing significant differences between two groups (t=4.450,P=0.005 ; t =5.970,P =0.005 ).The numbers of neurons were similar in 21a area of visual cortex between the two groups,but the volume of the neurons was lessen in strabismic-induced amblyopia group.The positive cell densities for NogoA were ( 387.37±2.01 ) cells/mm2,( 354.58± 1.85 ) cells/mm2 and ( 289.68± 1.81 ) cells/mm2 in layer Ⅱ/Ⅲ,Ⅳ and V/V[ respectively in strabismic-induced amblyopia group,and those in normal group were ( 161.39± 1.98 ) cells/mm2,( 128.93 ± 1.26 ) cells/mm2 and ( 96.25 ± 1.49 ) cells/mm2,indicating a significant increase in model cats ( t =- 160.400,- 201.890,- 164.740,P =0.000 ).Conclusions NogoA may play an important role in the regulation of the sensitive developmental period of visual sense and its plasticity.

Objective To investigate the effectivity of bispectral index(BIS)and auditory -evoked potentials index(AEP index)in monitoring the depth of desflurane anesthesia in the elderly. Methods Sixty patients(ASA gradeⅠ～Ⅱ)without obvious auditory and psychiatric dysfunction undergoing general anesthesia were enrolled in this study,and they were devided into the elderly group (n=30)and the non-elderly group(n=30)according to the age.After the endotracheal intubation,the lungs were ventilated with desflurane in oxygen.End-tidal concentrations of desflurane were maintained at 0.6,1.0 minimum alveolar concentrations(MAC)and 1.3 MAC for 20 minutes, respectively.The changes of BIS,AEP index,mean arterial blood pressure(MAP)and heart rate (HR)were recorded simultaneously.Results In the elderly and non-elderly groups,BIS were 94.14?6.5 and 94.5?4.6(P＞0.05),and AEP index at pre-anesthesia were 87.2?11.7 and 89.2?6.9(P＞0.05)respectively,which showed no statistic difference between two groups.BIS and AEP index decreased significantly in each time point at pre-anesthesia compared with those during anesthesia in two groups (P＜0.05).In the periods of increasing concentration of desflurane,BIS decreased gradually in two groups(P＞0.05),but BIS in the elderly group were higher than in the non-elderly group at the same end-tidal desflurane concentration(P＞0.05),and BIS negatively correlated with the end-tidal desflurane concentration in two groups.In the elderly group,AEP index decreased significantly at the concentration of 1.0 MAC and 1.3 MAC of desflurane compared with that of 0.6 MAC(P＜0.05),but there was no difference in AEP index with increasing end-tidal desflurane concentration from 1.0 MAC to 1.3 MAC(P＞0.05).At every concentration of desflurane,AEPindexintheelderlygroupwaslessthaninthenon-elderlygroup(P＜0.05).Conclusions BIS and AEP indexes correlate well with the end-tidal desflurane concentration,and are valuable for monitoring the depth of desflurane anesthesia in the elderly.AEP index can predict the difference in depth of anesthesia at the same end-tidal desflurane concentration between the elderly and the non-elderly.

Objective To assess the effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist on prostate epithelial cells in vitro.Methods The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ(PPARγ) was studied by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence study.The RWPE-1 human prostate epithelial cell line was treated with PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone 100 μmol/L for 48 h.Analysis of apoptosis was performed by Caspase 3/7 activity assay.Mitochondria depolarization was measured by using the potential-sensitive color,JC-1.The expression of apoptosis-related proteins-Bax was investigated by immunohistochemistry.Results PPARγ mainly located in nucleus and perinucleus.RWPE-1 cell line treated with PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone showed higher Caspase 3/7 activity (10636±1032 RLU) than in control (5936±620 RLU),P＜0.01 and significantly upregulated Bax level (8250±694 vs.6017±563)than in control group,P＜0.01.In addition,mitochondrial membrane potential was depolarized in rosiglitazone treated cells.Conclusions PPARmay play important roles in the pathophysiology of BPH.The mechanism might be that PPARγ regulates cell apoptosis.It is suggested that the mitochondrial and Bax pathway might be involved in signaling PPARγ induced cell apoptosis.

Objective To compare the expression changes of neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor Y1 in different stages of osteoblast differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).Methods The rBMSCs were isolated in vitro from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats using whole bone marrow adherence method and cultured. Then, the rBMSCs were divided into osteoblast-induced group and noninduced group. In different periods of culture at 1, 2 and 3 weeks, identification of the osteoblasts was performed by using immunocytochemistry and Western blot. Expressions of mRNA and protein of Y1 receptor were detected by real time reserve transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. Results RT-PCR demonstrated that osteoblast-induced group had a lower expression of Y1 receptor than non-induced group at the same time point and the expression of Y1 receptor was increased in a time-dependent manner in both groups. Western blot demonstrated higher expression of Y1 receptor in osteoblast-induced group compared with non-induced group at the same time point and a decreased expression of Y1 receptor in a time-dependent manner in both groups. Conclusions During the process of osteoblastic differentiation of rat BMSCs, the expressions of mRNA and protein of NPY Y1 receptor show different trends, when NPY may mediate the inhibition of osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs through Y1 receptor pathway.