Objective: To study the influence of screening dementia with mini-mental state examination (MMSE) combining with delay memory test . Methods: MMSE and delay memory test are used in screening 301 residents. The diagnosis of dementia is according to the DSM-Ⅲ-R criterion. The validity and reliability were studied when the MMSE and delay memory test were used to screen dementia alone or combined. Results: When MMSE was used to screen dementia alone, the specificity, sensitivity, false positive proportion and false negative proportion were 85.40%, 52.43%, 47.56% and 14.60% respectively. When delay memory test was used to screen dementia alone, the specificity, sensitivity, false positive proportion and false negative proportion were 74.45%, 92.07%, 7.93% and 25.55% respectively. If parallel connection of MMSE and delay memory test were used to screen dementia, the specificity, sensitivity, false positive proportion and false negative proportion were 95.62%, 49.39%, 50.61% and 4.38% respectively. If MMSE was in series with delay memory test, the specificity, sensitivity, false positive proportion and false negative proportion of screening dementia were 64.23%, 95.73%, 4.27% and 35.77% respectively. Conclusion: The parallel connection of MMSE and delay memory test can elevate sensitivity of screening dementia and decrease false negative proportion, so it is important in epidemiologic investigation. MMSE in series with delay memory test will raise specificity of screening dementia and decrease false positive proportion, so it is useful for diagnosing early dementia.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of occupational therapy (OT) on activities of daily living (ADL) of the children with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodsSixty-two CP children were treated with OT. The ADL scores of all children were assessed within one week after admission and training goal and plan were made according to evaluated result. The therapeutic effect was assessed before discharge.ResultsAfter OT treatment, the ADL scores of the children increased significantly ( P<0.01) and disable grades decreased (χ2=10.48, P< 0.01). The total effect rate was 87.1%.ConclusionOT training can improve ADL of the children with CP significantly.

Chordoma ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Septum ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; Nose Neoplasms

Objective To investigate the cause of low rate for dementia diagnosiss in out-patient clinic.Methods All outpatients between September 15,2009 and December 25,2009 were screened by IQCODE,MMSE and neuropsychological examination.Diagnosis of dementia and its subtype were confirmed according to DSM-IV-TR,NINCDS-ADRDA,and NINDS-AIREN criteria.The caregivers of dementia patients were interviewed with questionnaire.Results There were 8,042 outpatients in the period and 1716 patients completed IQCODE,317 completed MMSE,72 completed a set of neuropsychological test.41 patients were diagnosed as dementia which composed of 23 cases of AD (56.1％),12 cases of vascular dementia(29.3％),2 cases of mixed dementia(4.9％),4 cases of other types of dementia(9.7％),and the prevalence of dementia at age of over 55 years was 1.8％ in out-patient clinics.Among the patients,18 cases were mild dementia (43.9％),19 moderate dementia (46.3 ％ ) and 4 severe dementia (9.8 ％).Four patients(9.8 ％ ) were diagnosed as dementia by case history,15 patients(36.5％) were diagnosed as dementia by clinic doctors,while 22 patients (53.7％) were diagnosed as dementia in the survey.35 caregivers finished questionaire,and 10 caregivers(28.6％) had no knowledge about dementia,22(62.8％) caregivers had a few knowledge and 3(8.6％) caregivers had lots of knowledge.19 (46.3％) dementia patients went to see a doctor with cognitive impairment and 22 (53.7 ％) with other symptoms.The reasons for delay in seeing a doctor included that caregivers considered the impairment of cognition as a result of normal aging (54.3％),patients rejected to see a doctor(14.3％),caregivers considered no treatment for dementia (5.7 ％),and there was economic reason ( 2.9％),inconvenient (8.5 ％) and others ( 14.3 ％).Conclusions The visiting rate of dementia patients in china is very low and many demented patients do not receive early diagnosis and treatment.Patients' delay may contribute to the lack of knowledge of caregivers,and to doctor's ignore of the cognitive impairment.

myocytes.In aging mice induced by D-galactose experiment.TP has anti-apoptosis and anti-oxidation effect in a dose-dependant manner.

BACKGROUND: Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project(OCSP) is a new type of clinical classification for subdividing cerebral infarction(CI) conducted on the basis of a large-scale of investigation of stroke in the population of Oxfordshire Community, England in 1991. This kind of classification completely bases on the clinical manifestations without the help of diagnostic instruments, which can predict site and size of the lesion and the involved vessels.OBJECTIVE: To acknowledge the clinical classification of CI patients with Bamford's OCSP and its significance in predicting their long-term functional prognosis.DESIGN: Clinical observation, comparison and verified study based on patients.SETTING: Neurological department in a university hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Between January 1st and December 31st 2001, totally 126 patients with cerebrovascular disease were hospitalized in the Neurological Department of First Affiliated Hospital of Xi' an Jiaotong University,including 82 males and 44 females.METHODS: Totally 126 in-patients with CI were subdivided with Bamford's OCSP classification, and their disablity was assessed with Barthel index (BI)and modified Rankin Scale(mRS) when they were discharged and 3 months and 6 months later.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Classification of patients with CI and their scores of BI and mRS when they were discharged and 3 months and 6months later.RESULTS: Of the 126 patients, 8(6. 3% ) patients were confirmed of total anterior circulation infarction (TACI), 29 (23. 0% ) of part anterior circulation infarction(PACI), 78(61.9% ) of lacunar infarction(LACI), 11(8.7%) of posterior circulation infarction(POCI) . They were followed-up for 6 months, and meanwhile 12 patients died. Of the other 114 cases the prognosis of TACI was the worst, while the prognosis of POCI and LACI was relatively better than that of PACI.CONCLUSION: CI is predominated by LACI. OCSP is effective for predicting long-term functional prognosis of patients with CI. But it is necessary to make multi-center prospective study on a much larger scale of samples of disease.

Objective To investigate the evolution of cognitive function and its influence factors,so as to provide evidence for guiding treatment of cognitive impairment after stroke.Methods A total of 98 cases of patients with stroke admitted in the First and Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University and Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital between April and September 2009 were enrolled and recruited.Mini-mental state examination(MMSE) and Montreal cognitive function rating scale (MoCA) were adopted to assess the evolution of cognition at acute phase( within 2 weeks),6 weeks,and 12 weeks after stroke among patients within 2 weeks after onset,questionnaire score≤56,without aphasia and consiousness disturbance and at least one side of upper extremities muscle force ≥ grade 3.Results When using MMSE scale as criteria,the incidence of cognitive impairment was 24.5% at acute phase,12.1% at 6 weeks and 9.9% at 12 weeks after stroke,while the incidence was 86.8%,68.2%,and 38.0% respectively when using MoCA scale as criteria.The scales of MMSE and MoCA were increased and the incidence of cognitive impairment was decreased within 12 weeks after stroke.Logistic regression analysis indicated that,advanced age( β = -0.124 ),hypertension ( β = -3.705 ),low education level ( β = 0.560 )and depression after stroke ( β =4.613 ) were related with cognitive impairment after stroke ( all P values ＜0.05 ); low education level ( β = 0.710 ),coronary heart disease ( β = -3.649 ),elevated total cholesterol (TC) ( β = -3.361 ) and low density lipid cholesterol (LDL-C) ( β = - 5.833 ),and depression ( β =-3.612) delayed recovery of cognition after stroke.Conclusions The cognitive function improves and the incidence of cognitive impairment lowers as the time goes on within 12 weeks after stroke.The factors that may affect the improvement of cognitive function include low educational level,coronary heart disease,elevated TC and LDL-C,and post-stroke depression.

Objective To study safety and efficacy of transurethral Thulium laser resection of high-risk stage bladder tumor in anticoagulant state.Methods A total of 26 non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients receiving long-term anticoagulant therapy,including 16 cases with cerebral infarction,7 cases with coronary heart disease,3 patients with coronary stenting,were retrospectively analyzed in our hospital from July 2012 to July 2014.In condition not stopping anticoagulants,Thulium laser transurethral resection of bladder tumor was performed,and hemoglobin,thrombin time,the operative time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative bladder irrigation duration,postoperative hospital stay,bladder tumor recurrence within two years,the postoperative complications were recorded before and after surgery.Results All patients were successfully treated.The operative time was(29.1 ± 12.8) min,int raoperative blood loss was (29.4 ± 16.9) ml portions,postoperative bladder irrigation time was (1.25 ± 0.55) d,postoperative hospital stay was(5.51 ± 1.06) d.Hemoglobin before and after operation were (131.35 ± 6.57) g/L and (129.75 ± 11.05) g/L respectively,there was no statistically significant differences (t =1.014,P ＞ 0.05) between them.Prothrombin time before and after operation were (12.50 ± 0.25) s and(12.44 ± 0.27) s,with no statistically significant difference (t =0.908,P＞0.05)between them.During the followed-up of 48 months,tumor recurred at heterotopia in 2 patients.Conclusions Thulium laser transurethral resection of bladder tumor is safe and effective for patients undergoing long-term oral anticoagulation drugs,without a needto stop taking anticoagulant drugs.

AIMTo study the effects of tacrine on IK and IA potassium current in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons.

METHODSWhole cell patch clamp and primary rat hippocampal neuron cultures were used.

RESULTSTacrine was shown to reduce the amplitude of IK and IA, in concentration-dependent manners. The IC50s at +40 mV for reduction of IK and IA were 23 and 52.6 mumol.L-1, respectively. Tacrine (30 mumol.L-1) shifted the steady state activation of IK and IA to negative potentials by 12 and 15 mV, respectively. The V1/2 of activation curves for IK current before and after the application of tacrine were (6.7 +/- 1.4) mV and (-5.4 +/- 1.3) mV, respectively. The k of activation curves for IK current was 13.4 + 1.3 and 12.5 + 1.4 without and with tacrine, respectively. The V1/2 of activation curve for IA current were (-9.9 +/- 2.6) mV and (-24 +/- 5) mV in the absence and presence of tacrine, respectively, and the k value was not changed.

CONCLUSIONTacrine inhibited IK and IA currents in rat hippocampal neurons and it is more potent for blocking IK.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cells, Cultured ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Female ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; physiology ; Male ; Neurons ; cytology ; physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Potassium Channels ; drug effects ; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tacrine ; pharmacology

The establishment of high specificity and sensitivity method of small molecule monoclonal antibody-based immunoassay has a great importance in the study of small molecule compounds in Chinese medicine, wherein synthesis of small molecule artificial antigen is a critical step in the preparation of small molecule antibodies. Oxidation method using sodium iodide was used to synthesize immunogenic antigen (FRn-BSA) and coating antigen (FRn-OVA) of forsythin. UV spectroscopy and thin layer chromatography showed that forsythin was successfully conjugated with BSA and OVA. After immuned FRn-BSA, the mice could specifically produce anti-forsythin antibodies with titer up to 1:8 000, and the linear range was from 1 mg x L(-1) to 100 mg x L(-1). In this paper, the artificial antigen of forsythin was successfully synthesized, which can be applied for preparation of monoclonal antibodies and establishment of appropriate immune method.
Animals ; Antibodies ; immunology ; Antigens ; chemistry ; immunology ; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic ; chemistry ; immunology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Furans ; chemistry ; immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C