Objective To investigate the production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in rats with monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension(PAH).Methods Fourteen male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups (7 cases for each group):control group and MCT group.Rats in the MCT group were intraperitoneally injected with MCT (60 mg/kg) on day 1 while rats in the control group received only the same volume of 9 g/L saline.And then the conventional breeding was given for 21 days.Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) was evaluated via right cardiac catheterization procedure.The ratio of right ventricular mass (RV) and left ventricular plus septal mass (LV + SP) [RV/(LV + SP)] was calculated.The morphological change of pulmonary artery was observed by applying hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining on the lung tissue paraffin section by measuring relative media thickness (RMT) and relative media area (RMA) of pulmonary aetery.H2S contents in serum and lung tissue rat were detected by using free radicals detector.The expression of cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE),a key enzyme catalyzing endogenous H2S generaion,in lung tissue was detected by using Western blot method.CSE mRNA level in lung was detected by adopting the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method.Results Compared with control group,mPAP of rats in MCT group was increased significantly [(49.31 ±3.67) mmHg vs (14.31 ±2.07) mmHg(1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa),P ＜ 0.01] and the ratio of RV/(LV + SP) was increased (0.43 ± 0.03 vs 0.21 ± 0.03,P ＜ 0.01),while RMT and RMA of pulmonary artery were enlarged [(43.46 ± 1.94) μm vs (13.16 ± 1.48) μm,P ＜ 0.01;(3 321.10 ± 318.20) μm2 vs (963.40 ± 127.26) μm2,P ＜0.01].The evaluation of microstructure of pulmonary artery showed that the vessel wall of pulmonary artery in control rats was thin and no inflammatory cell was observed around artery.However,the vessel wall of pulmonary artery in rats of MCT group was thickened and there was evident infiltration of inflammatory cells in perivascular area.Compared with control group,H2S contents in serum and lung tissue of rats in MCT group were markedly decreased [(9.28 ± 0.94) μmol/L vs (14.20 ± 1.21) μmol/L,P ＜ 0.01;(0.43 ± 0.08) μmol/g protein vs (0.87 ±0.17) μmol/g protein,P ＜0.01],while CSE protein and mRNA expression in lung tissue of rats in MCT group were downregulated (0.14 ± 0.02 vs 0.28 ± 0.09,P ＜ 0.01;0.84 ± 0.06 vs 1.12 ± 0.04,P ＜ 0.01).Condusion Endogenous H2S pathway is significantly downregulated in rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension.

Objective To measure the longitudinal elastic modulus in patients with acute ischemic stroke by shear wave elasotography(SWE),and to study its feasibility and related factors.Methods There were 1 79 cases with acute ischemic stroke (AIS)including 103 cases with large artery atherosclerosis and 76 cases with lacunar infarction classified according to the TOAST classification.There were 168 age and sex-matched cases as control group.Pulse wave velocity (PWV ) of bilateral carotid was measured by radiofrequency ultrasound.The 20 areas of superficial walls of bilateral carotid artery were analyzed by SWE,and the average values of longitudinal average elastic modulus (MEmean ),the maximum elastic modulus (MEmax )and minimum elastic modulus (MEmin )were calculated.The independent factors of MEmean were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis.Results ①Compared with control group, PWV in patients with AIS was increased (P <0.05).②The MEmax and MEmean of carotid artery in patients with AIS were more than those in the control group (P <0.05).③Age,systolic blood pressure,PWV and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)were positively related to MEmean (r =0.221 ,0.1 74,0.776 and 0.1 73,respectively,P <0.05 ),and were independent factors for MEmean .Conclusions SWE can evaluated the arterial stiffness using longitudinal elastic modulus of carotid.Age,systolic blood pressure,PWV and LDL were independent factors for longitudinal elastic modulus.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the absorption mechanism of genistein self-microemulsifying system in rat intestines.

METHODThe concentrations of phenol red and genistein by in situ perfusion in rats were determined by UV and HPLC, respectively. The effects of drug concentrations, pH, various intestinal segments and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor verapamil on the absorption had been studied.

RESULTThe absorption rate constant (Ka) of genistein had no significant difference at concentrations of 0.05-0.5 mg x mL(-1) and pH of 5.4-7.8 in perfusion. It was Ka of jejunum > ileum > duodenum > colon. The absorption of genistein in jejunum had significant difference (P < 0.05) compared with other parts of intestines. Ka was increased obviously when verapamil was coper-fused with genistein (P < 0. 05).

CONCLUSIONThe absorption of genistein self-microemulsifying system is a first order process with passive diffusion mechanism related to P-gp efflux. It can be absorbed at all segments of rat intestine, and the jejunum is the best absorption segment, pH had no special effect on the absorption of genistein self-microemulsifying system in rat intestine.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family B ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Emulsions ; Genistein ; analysis ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Intestinal Absorption ; drug effects ; Intestines ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Organ Specificity ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Temperature ; Verapamil ; pharmacology

This paper reviewed the reports, published in recent years in China, concerning the mechanisms of Chinese herbal medicines in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), trying to find out its preponderant targets and links, for elevating the level of TCM for prevention and treatment of COPD.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; drug therapy

Objective To demonstrate the imaging characteristics of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (P-NEN).Methods The CT and MRI findings of 43 cases of P-NEN confirmed by pathology were analyzed,and compared with pathological results.Results Mean size of 43 lesions in 43 P-NEN patients were (25.00± 1.82)mm.Necrosis cystic degeneration were found in 26 lesions.In CT plain scan,15 lesions were isodense,28 lesions were hypodense.All of 43 lesions were hypointensity signal on T1WI;27 lesions were hypointensity signal,16 cases were isointensity signal on T2WI.Twenty-seven lesions showed envelope;30 lesions showed clear outline.In enhancement images,24 lesions were marked enhancement since arterial phase;8 lesions showed delayed enhancement;5 lesions showed centrality enhancement;6 lesions showed wild enhancement.Conclusion P-NEN has some characteristics on CT and MRI scanning,imaging can play an important role in diagnosis for P-NEN.

Fish oil is an important nutrient component in rainbow trout bone, and the optimization of extraction by enzymatic hydrolytic method is of great significance.This study selected the alkaline protease as the hydrolytic enzyme, and optimized the process conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis of rainbow trout fish using single factor analysis method.Effects of several factors on the extraction of fish oil were studied, including the ratio of material to liquid, pH, enzymatic hydrolysis time, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature and amount of enzyme.Fatty acids were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Results showed that the optimum extraction parameters of enzymatic hydrolysis were as follows: 2000 U/g alkaline protease, ratio of material to liquid of 1∶1 (w/w), pH 7.5, and extraction at 55℃ for 3h.It was found that the main composition of rainbow trout bone oil was unsaturated fatty acid with the content of 80.4% (w/w).The relative content of monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid was about 76.9% (w/w) and 23.1% (w/w), respectively.The total content of EPA and DHA was 3.4% (w/w).This study optimized the extraction method of rainbow trout fish oil, analyzed and identified the main volatile compounds, and identified the main substances contributing to fish oil flavor.The method thus was of significance for the analysis and identification of fish oil products.

Objective To investigate the practical efficacy and safety of ultrasound with microbubbles mediated rAAV2-EGFP to retina of rat after intravitreal and subretinal injection. Methods Gene transfer was examined by rAAV2-EGFP intravitreal and subretinal injection into the Wistar rats with or without microbubbles. The eyes were exposed to US (1 MHz,2 W/cm2, duration 5 minutes,duty cycle 50%,pulse recurrent frequency 100 Hz). The onset of EGFP gene expression, lightness of fluorescence, area of fluorescence and its distribution in the fundus in vivo via fluorescence stereosocope were investigated on the 4th,7th, 35th,49th and 120th day respectively. The value of gene transfer was quantified through the EGFP fluorescence quantitative methods by Axiovision 3. 1 software. HE staining was used to observe tissue damage. Results There was no fluorescence observed by fluorescence stereosocope after intravitreal injection after two-month study. After subretinal injection, ultrasound-targeted microbubbles destruction (UTMD) strongly increased gene transfer efficiency. UTMD used in the experiment did no harm to the rat retina structure. Conclusions UTMD could not enhance rAAV2-EGFP transfecion efficiency to rat retina after intravitreal injection but the transduction could be enhanced significantly after subretinal injection.

Objective To analyze the cognition and demand of the residency training program among clinical medical students to provide scientific basis for the promotion of this policy.Methods From May 24 to 25,2015,a self-designed questionnaire survey was conducted on 645 undergraduate clinical medical students,who came from Zhengzhou University,Xinxiang Medicine College,Henan University.Data of cognition and demand of the residency standardized training were statistically analyzed using SPSS 22.0 software.Enumeration data were analyzed by chi-square test and abnormal distribution data based on Wilcoxon rank sum test.Results 616 valid questionnaires were recovered.259 undergraduate clinical medical students (42.00％) did not quite understand the resident standardized training policy and 225 (36.50％) did not known the policy at all.Before and after clinical practice,the cognition of the residency standardized training had statistically significant difference (x2=87.596,P=0.000),the knowledge of the policy (x2=10.939,P=0.012) and the degree ascending alleviate employment pressure (x2=29.349,P=0.000) were the main influencing factors of the clinical medical students' choices after graduation.Conclusion Improving medical students' understanding of the significance of medical education after graduation,and the integration of professional degree training and residency standardization training effectively helps to promote implementation of the policy.

Objective To establish a detection technique for H.pylori(HP) infection in Mongolian gerbils using nested PCR technique.Methods H.pylori was cultured in vitro and inoculated into Mongolian gerbils.At the 10th week after infection, the HP in the gastric juice of Mongolian gerbil was detected by conventional PCR assay and the gastric juice, gastric mucosa, duodenal contents and colon stool were examined by nested PCR.Rapid urease test and ELISA were used to analyze the accuracy of the nested PCR assay.All of the PCR products were verified by sequencing.Results The positive rate of gastric juice detected by conventional PCR was 30%, while the positive rates of gastric juice, gastric mucosa, duodenal contents and colon stool detected by nested PCR were 100%, 100%, 90%, and 10%, respectively.The positive detection rates of rapid urease test and serum ELISA were 100% and 0%, respectively.Comparing the results of different methods, both the positive rates of gastric juice and gastric mucosa detected by nested PCR and the detection rate of rapid urease test were 100%, but the results of conventional PCR detection of gastric juice, the nested PCR detection result of stool in colon and of serum ELISA assay were lower than other methods.Conclusions Due to its high accuracy and sensitivity, the nested PCR assay of gastric juice can be used for the long-time detection of H.pylori infection in Mongolian gerbils, especially useful in the experiments of prevention and treatment of H.pylori infection.

Objective To investigated to implement condition of preventive measure and control effect for endemic fluorosis in Fengshun County from 2005 to 2006.Methods It was investigated according to the National Surveillance Program of Endemic Fluorosis.Hupo,Daizai and Anquan Villages of Tangxi Town in Fengshun County were selected as monitoring spots.The usage of reforming water facilities,fluoride content in drinking water and urine of children aged 8-12 years and the prevalence rate of dental fluorosis of children were investigated.Resul tsin 2005 and 2006.a total of 18 reforming water facilities were surveyed and six of which were damaged or out of service.In 2005,the fluoride content in drinking water in the 3 villages was 2.10,1.22 and 0.15 mg/L The prevalence rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8-12 years was 54.23%(64/118),38.91%(79/203) and 9.10%(6/66).The urine fluoride content of children was 0.95,0.90 and 1.05 mg/L,respectively.In 2006,the fluoride content in drinking water in Hupo,Daizai and Anquan Village was 2.01,1.57 and 0.21 mg/L.The prevalence rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8-12 years was 26.47%(27/102),12.50%(23/184)and 6.15%(4/65),respectively.The urine fluoride content of children was 0.97,0.61 and 0.59 mg/L.Conclusions The outcome of surveillance data in Fengshun County has reached the sanle level as that of non-disease area.However,the management of reforming water facilities should be improved.