Animals ; Anticonvulsants ; adverse effects ; Brain ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Contraindications ; Epilepsy ; drug therapy ; Humans

AIM: To investigate the infection factors,diagnosis and treatment of endophthalmitis after intraocular foreign body injury.METHODS: Totally 256 cases with intraocular foreign bodies including the occurrence of endophthalmitis in 42 cases were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS: The incidence of endophthalmitis after intraocular foreign body injury was 16.4%.Posterior segment foreign bodies and combined with traumatic cataract were the risk factors of endophthalmitis after intraocular foreign body injury (all P<0.05).Intravitreal injection of vancomycin hydrochloride and ceftazidime in the treatment of intraocular foreign body injury reduced the incidence of endophthalmitis (P<0.05).Types and sizes of intraocular foreign bodies,the time of extraction and the condition of wound had no significant effect on the incidence of endophthalmitis (all P>0.05).Vitrectomy was the main treatment of endophthalmitis.CONCLUSION: Posterior segment foreign bodies and combined with traumatic cataract were the risk factors of endophthalmitis after intraocular foreign body injury.It should be kept the integrity of the posterior capsule of lens in traumatic cataract surgery.Intravitreal injection of vancomycin and ceftazidime is recommended in emergency surgery.Vitrectomy should be performed as soon as possible when confirmed endophthalmitis.

Objective To analyze the prevalence of human papilloma virus(HPV) and the relationship between HPV and vaginal environment in puerperium women.Methods One thousand and twenty-nine cases puerperium women were detected for HPV subtype by using nucleic acid flow-through hybridization.Patients with HPV positive had been considered as observe group and the rest as control.The prenatal infection of HPV of HPV-DNA positive and negative postpartum puerperium women, and the vaginal cleanliness of prenatal and postpartum were analyzed.Results In 1 029 cases puerperium women, the total HPV-DNA positive rate was 10.30％(106/1029) ,and high risk infection rate was 95.65％ (110/115).The rate of HPV positive before pregnant in HPV positive group (46.51％, 40/86) was higher than that in HPV negative group (9.09％, 10/110).There was significant difference of vaginal environment in the two groups (x2 =36.567, P＜0.05).In HPV-DNA positive and negative women during the puerperium vaginal cleaning degree of Ⅰ , Ⅱ ratio prenatal respectively were 56.98％ (49/86) and 76.36％ (84/110), and the difference was significant (x2 =8.317, P ＜0.05).Postpartum to 45.35％ (39/86) and 60.00 (66/110), and the difference was significant (x2 =3.941, P＜0.05).Conclusion The HPV infection of pregnant women are easy to getagain.There is relevance between HPV infection and vaginal environment.

Objective To study the effect of clopidogrel on different CYP2C19 genotypes and platelet reactivity in acute cerebral infarction patients with antiplatelet aggregation.Methods Four hundred and seventy-four cases of cerebral infarction patients in Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from April 2015 to April 2016 were collected.CYP2C19 genotype was determined,and the genotype was divided into the wild type group,the heterozygous type group and the mutant homozygous group.Platelet aggregation inhibition rate(ADP%) and platelet reactivity index induced by ADP were detected.Patients were divided into clopidogrel resistance group(group CR) and non resistant group according to whether ADP% was less than 30.SPSS 16.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis,the comparison between groups using independent samples t test,chi square test and multivariate analysis using Logistic regression analysis,when P<0.05 difference was statistically significant.Results Among the 474 patients,204 cases(43.04%) were divided into wild-type group,and 204(43.04%) and 66(13.92%) were divided into the mutant heterozygous group and mutant homozygous group.In Chi square test analysis,clopidogrel resistance group and non resistance group CYP2C19 genotype distribution was significantly different(χ2=6.658,P=0.036).CR group angle(α) values((68.87±5.47)°) and MA((66.77±6.25) mm) were higher than that of CS group ((66.55±6.05)° and (63.30±5.66) mm,t=2.199,3.387,P=0.029,0.001).The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that OR of angle level was 1.028,95%CI was 0.929-1.137 (P=0.595);OR of Ma level was 1.561,95%CI was 0.785-0.970 (P=0.012).Conclusion The effect of clopidogrel on platelet aggregation in patients with acute cerebral infarction is decreased by CYP2C19 gene mutation.CYP2C19 mutant allele is a risk factor for clopidogrel resistance.Angle (α) value and MA value are the risk factors for the diagnosis of CR in the patients with acute cerebral infarction,and the risk of clopidogrel resistance increased when the patients′ Angle (α) value and the value of MA increased.MA value as a predictor of CR and the screening tool has a certain value.

[Objective] To investigate the relationship between the body constitution and the syndromes of the bronchiectasis patients and provide the basis for the clinical treatment.[Methods] Col ected 80 out-patients and in-patients of bronchiectasis in the first affiliated hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University from May 2011 to March 2012. Al patients met with the inclusion criteria, adopted the standardization of physical scale for physical identifica-tion and dialectical type and analyzed the relationship between constitution and syndrome.[Results] ①The gentleness type, qi-deficiency type and yin-defi-ciency type were more popular in the bronchiectasis, fol owed by the phlegm-wet type, wetness-heat type, yang-deficiency type and qi-depression type. The special inherited type and blood-stasis type were very rare. ②The syndrome of phlegm heat obstructing lung was the top one in the Chinese tradi-tional medical syndromes(48.75%).The frequency of liver-fire attacking lung syndrome, hyperactivity of fire due to yin deficiency syndrome and qi-yin de-ficiency syndrome were 21.25%, 18.75% and 11.25% respectively. ③From different body constitution distribution of TCM syndromes in patients with bronchiectasis, it could be found:gentleness type, qi-deficiency type, yang-deficiency type, phlegm-wet type and wetness-heat type were most presented as phlegm-heat stasis lung syndrome. Patients with qi-deficiency type were most presented as qi-yin deficiency syndrome .Patients with Yin deficiency type were always performed as hyperactivity of fire due to yin-deficiency syndrome. Patients with lung qi-stasis type were liver-fire invading lung syn-drome.[Conclusion] Phlegm-heat stasis syndrome was the main syndrome in patients with bronchiectasis. It conformed to the pathological characteristics of deficiency essence with virtual reality. Different body constitutions decided the different traditional Chinese medical syndromes after the disease onset.

BACKGROUND:A variety of embryonic stem cells induction and differentiation systems have been established so far, while the research that promotes embryonic stem cells to differentiate into hematopoietic stem cells is stil at an initial stage, and the induction efficiency needs to be improved.
OBJECTIVE:To active the Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway in mouse embryonic stem cells with exogenous win3a as an inducer, and then to observe whether the activation of this pathway wil promote the directional differentiation of embryonic stem cells into hematopoietic progenitor cells.
METHODS:The ES-E14TG2a mouse stem cells were cultured with the exogenous wnt3a (100 μg/L) for 21 days, the content ofβ-catenin was tested by cellimmunofluorescence and western blot, and expression of Wnt downstream target gene was detected by quantitative reverse transcription PCR to determine the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway. Single-layer adherent culture method was used to induce the directional differentiate of above-mentioned cells into hematopoietic stem cells, and detection of hematopoietic development associated surface marker CD34+/Sca-1+was achieved by flow cytometry;meanwhile, the expression of hematopoietic associated gene was measured by quantitative reverse transcription PCR.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:We found thatβ-catenin accumulated in ES-E14TG2a mouse stem cells after cultured with wnt3a (100 μg/L) for 21 days;the expressions of Wnt downstream target genes such as Pitx2, Frizzled, Sox17 and Oct4 showed the different degrees in increase, meaning the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway. Furthermore, during the time that we used single-layer adherent culture method to induce hematopoietic stem cells, the CD34+/Sca-1+cells accounted for 20.2%of total cells at day 14, and control cells only accounted for 11.9%. Again, expression quantity of hematopoietic associated gene BMP4, FLK2 and CD34 increased while Smad5 was suppressed significantly. Our data suggest that sustaining action by wnt3a wil active Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway, and also promote the directional differentiation of ES-E14TG2a mouse stem cells into hematopoietic progenitor cells.

Objective To determine the biological traits and optimal condition for the induction and differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells from peripheral blood in healthy adults. Methods Mononuelear cells were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy adults by Ficoll-density eentrifugation. The isolated ceils were cultured in 1640 medium supplemented with VECF165 and bFGF. The EPC specific surface mark CD34 and KDR were assessed by fluorescence activated cell sorter(FACS)analysis: EPC were characterized as adherent cells double positive for DiL-acLDL uptake and lectin binding by direct fluorescent staining under a hser scanning confocal microscope. EPC migration were assayed by MTr assay. Result The number and migration ability of EPC were increased by VEGFl65 and bFGF. Conclusion Endothelial progenitors cells can be derived from mononuclear cells of peripheral blood at specific conditions.

AIM: To investigate the effect of puerarin on diabetic myocardial damage and to explore its possible mechanisms in rats. METHODS: The male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group, diabetic group, high dose puerarin (160 mg/kg), middle dose puerarin (120 mg/kg), low dose puerarin (80 mg/kg) treatment groups and aminoguanidine (100 mg/kg) treatment group. Corresponding drugs were intraperitoneally injected once a day. The animals in normal control group and diabetic group were given equal propylene glycol. 12 weeks later, the rats were sacrificed and their cardiac muscles were collected. Myocardial structure was observed under transmission electron microscope (TEM). The blood glucose concentration and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), Ca~(2+)-ATPase, Na~+-K~+-ATPase and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in myocardial homogenate were measured biochemically. In addition, the mRNA expressions of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) and aldose reductase (AR) in myocardial tissues were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: It is observed that the myofibrils were diminished, broken or fused, some lipid droplets deposited in the cytoplasm of cardiocytes and part of cristae of mitochondria were broken or disappeared under TEM in diabetic group. The activities of SOD, Ca~(2+)-ATPase, Na~+-K~+-ATPase as well as the mRNA expressions of PPAR-γ and GLUT-4 decreased significantly (all P<0.01). The blood glucose concentration and the MDA level and the AR mRNA expression increased obviously (all P<0.01) in diabetic group as compared to those in normal control group. How-ever, in puerarin treatment groups, the above changes were reversed, a significant differences of those were found as compared to those in diabetic group (P<0.05 or P<0.01, respectively). The pathological change of cardiac muscles was relieved. It showed that myofibrils were well-arranged and only few lipid droplets deposited in the cytoplasm of cardiocytes and most mitochondria had clear and regular cristae under TEM in puerarin treatment groups. CONCLUSION: Puerarin exerts preventive and remedial effects on the diabetic myocardium, which may be related to up-regulating the mRNA expressions of PPAR-γ and GLUT-4, promoting glucose uptake and relieving oxidative stress damage.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of biapenem in percutaneous nephrolithotripsy for the prevention and control infections.MethodsA retrospective study was accomplished.The clinical data of 68 patients with PCNL which used biapenem for prevention and control infection from Aug 2009 to Feb 2011 in the hospital of Hubei Provincial Corps of CAPF were collected,the treatment effect of biapenem in percutaneous nephrolithotripsy was evaluated.Results57 cases use the injection biapenem each 0.3g,2 times a day intravenously 7 to 14 days could effectively prevent postoperative infections in perioperative period;11 cases of urinary infection and systemic inflammatory response syndrome after pereutaneous nephrolithotripsy use injection biapenem each 0.3g,every 8-hour intravenously 7 to 14 days,were effective treatment of postoperative infections.ConclusionBiapenem was effective in the prevention of infection in percutaneous nephrolithotripsy.