Objective:To study the effect of trigonelline on the change of indicators of serum transaminase, lipoprotein and liver lipid of model rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases and on the expression level of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins.Methods:A total of 45 SD rats were randomly divided into Fthe control group, model group and trigonelline intervention group. Rats in the control group were fed with the common diet, while rats in the model group and intervention group were fed with the high fat diet. 8 weeks later, the intervention group received the intragastric administration of trigonellin e (with the dosage of 40 mg/kg/d) for 8 weeks; while control group and model group received the intragastric administration of saline with the equal dosage. Blood was taken from the abdominal aorta of rats 8 weeks later, detecting the level of a series of indicators of ALT, AST, TG, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C in the serum. After the rats were sacrificed, detect the indicators of TG, TC, SOD and MDA in the liver tissue of rats, as well as the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in the liver tissue.Results: Results of histopathologic examination showed that the damage degree of liver for rats in the trigonellineintervention group was smaller than the one in the model group, with significantly reduced hepatic steatosis and the partially visible hepatic lobule. The levels of ALT, AST, TC and LDL-C in the serum of rats in the trigonelline group were significantly reduced, while the change in the levels of TG and HDL-C was not significantly different. The levels of TG, TC and MDA in the liver tissues were significantly decreased, while the level of SOD significantly increased; the expression of Bcl-2 protein in the liver tissues of rats in the trigonelline intervention group was significantly increased, while the expression of Bax protein significantly decreased.Conclusions: The trigonelline contributes to the therapeutic effect of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. It can also increase the expression of Bcl-2 protein and decrease the expression of Bax protein in the liver tissues, which can protect the liver.

Objective To evaluate the clinical feasibility of network live broadcast of digital subtraction angiography(DSA)video streaming.Methods DSA video streaming was captured by an advanced image capture board.MPEG-4 and Directshow framework were used for data compression and transmission.Data of DSA video streaming could be transmitted easily from server sender filter to client receiver filter according to TCP and UDP protocols.Images of 24 cases were captured,which were compared with images of DSA workstation by experienced doctors.The subiective evaluation criteria included the manifestition of normal and pathological blood vessels,and sharpness,contrast degree and real time efficiency of images.Results The delay time of live broadcast was less than one second in 100 M LAN.Among 24 cases,excellent imaging quality was got in 17 cases,good in 5 cases and midst in 2 cases.Conclusion Excellent images and synchronism of DSA video are achieved in this system.which can meet clinical requirements of diagnosis and synchronism.

Objective To investigate the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolism or carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in Type 2 diabetic(T2DM). Methods According to the liver B-ultrasonography, a total of 321 T2DM patients were divided into two groups, with or without NAFLD. Metabolic indexes such as BMI, BP, blood glucose, blood lipid, uric acid ( UA ), insulin, C-peptipe,insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR) between the two groups were compared, and the relationships between alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and the above indexes were analyzed. Furthermore,the CIMT of the two groups were compared, and the relationships between NAFLD, ALT and CIMT were investigated by correlation and regression analysis. Results Compared with the group without NAFLD, the patients with NAFLD had higher level of BMI, triglyceride ( TG ), UA, fasting blood glucose ( FBG ), fasting insulin ( FIns ), fasting C peptide (FCP) ,HOMA-IR,and lower level of high density lipoprotein ( HDL-C ) significantly; BMI ( OR = 1.25, P ＜0. 001 ), TG ( OR = 1.74, P = 0. 008 ) and HOMA-IR ( OR = 2. 33, P = 0.010) were independent risk factors of NAFLD while H DL-C was independent protective factor; ALT was positively correlated with BMI (r = 0. 255, P ＜0. 001 ) ,TG(r =0. 156,P ＜0. 018) ,UA(r =0. 239,P ＜0. 001 ) ,FIns(r =0. 213,P =0. 001) ,FCP(r =0. 199,P ＜0. 003), HOMA-IR ( r = 0. 247, P ＜ 0. 001 ) and negatively correlated with HDL-C ( r = - 0. 199, P =0. 002) ,and BMI (β =0. 456,P =0. 048) ,UA (β =0. 021 ,P =0. 025) and HOMA-IR(β =3.634 ,P =0. 004)were independent associated facrors. The difference of CIMT between the two groups didn't reach statistical significance, while mutiple regression analysis revealed that ALT was independently associated with CIMT(β =0. 002,P = 0. 013). Conclusion T2DM patients with NAFLD show more serious disorder of metabolism and insulin resistance. ALT is an independent risk factor of CIMT in T2DM patients.

BACKGROUND: Following trauma caused by seawater, cells often exhibit special pathological changes because of the special physico-chemical properties of seawater.OBJECTIVE: To observe corneal histopathological changes and interleukin-6 level in aqueous humor of a rabbit model of penetrating corneal trauma combined with seawater immersion.METHODS: The rabbit eye models of penetrating corneal trauma caused by firecrackers were established in 16 adult healthy grey rabbits. A 3-mm whole-layer incision was made in the cornea. The right eyes served as experimental sides and the left eyes served as controls. Seawater was injected into the aqueous humor of the right eyes via the corneal incision. The eye surface was flushed with seawater for 30 minutes. Physiological saline was used for the left eyes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Optical microscopy results showed that at 1, 2, 3 days after model establishment, corneal cells on the experimental side exhibited severe necrosis and abscission, obvious swelling of substantia propria layer complicated by cellular infiltration. At 1 and 2 days after model establishment, the pathological changes on the control side were the same as the experimental side, but they were mild, but at 3 and 5 days, they were obviously alleviated. At 1, 2, 3 days after model establishment, interleukin-6 level in aqueous humor was significantly higher on the experimental side than on the control side (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the degree of injury on the experimental side was more severe than that on the control side, indicating that seawater may be an important causative factor of corneal injury.

Objective To analyze the CT and MRI performances of chromophobe cell renal carcinoma,to improve the understanding of the disease.Methods The CT and MRI performances of 16 patients with chromophobe cell renal carcinoma confirmed by post-operation pathology were analyzed retrospectively.Results Among 13 cases examined by CT,8 cases had homogeneous lesion including the homogeneous lesions density of 5 cases higher than that of normal renal parenchyma,and the other 5 cases had inhomogeneous density.After enhanced scan,the uneven essence ingredients were markedly enhanced in homogeneous density and inhomogeneous density cases,and the enhancement degree in arterial phase was lower than that of the renal cortex and higher than that of the renal medulla.Among 8 cases checked by MRI,2 cases had signal homogeneity with long T1 weighted imaging and long T2 weighted imaging signal,of which 5 cases appeared high signal in T1 weighted imaging flat lesions.The enhancement mode were similar with CT.In 5 patients examined by CT and MRI at the same time,their density,signal and the pattern strengthening were similar.Conclusions Chromophobe cell renal carcinoma is a rare malignant renal cell carcinoma,and CT and MRI can reflect the composition and hemodynamic changes.When homogeneity and high density or T1WI appeared high signal,disease was large and necrosis was less,and strengthening belt was appeared in lesions,it is value on diagnosis of chromophobe cell renal carcinoma.

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of esomeprazole in long-term or intermittent treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Methods Twenty-eight patients with GERD who accepted esomeprazole 20 mg bid for 2 weeks were further divided into long-term treatment group and intermittent treatment group according to the protocol of therapy. Patients in long-term treatment group were received minimum dose that was needed to relief the symptoms for more than 6 months, whereas those in intermittent treatment group were received esomeprazole 20 mg qd until the symptoms completely disappeared, if symptoms relapsed the patients were treated again.The dosage, recurrence of symptoms and the side effects were compared between two groups. ResultsThirteen patients in long-term treatment group were treated for 7-44 months (20 mg daily in 7,twice daily in 5 and every other day in 1). While 15 patients in intermittent treatment group had a good relief of the symptoms. No adverse reactions was found in two groups. The follow-up study of 10-57 months in intermittent treatment group revcaled that the longer the treatment maintained,the longer the symptoms relieved (r=0. 447, P= 0. 008). Conclusion It is safe for esomeprazole in relieving symptoms of patients with GERD by long time or intermittent use.

Objective To investigate drug resistance and clinical efficacy of second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs in patients with multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods A total of 183 multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR-PTB) patients received standard anti-tuberculosis treatment in Zhejiang Provincial Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Tuberculosis during March 2011 and March 2013.Patients were divided into four groups according to the results of first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs susceptibility test:group A (n =30) resistant to isoniazid (H) and rifamipicin (R) ; group B (n =28) resistant to HR and ethambutol (E) ; group C (n =53) resistant to HR and streptomycin (S) ; groups D (n =72) resistant to HRES.Drug susceptibility tests of second-line drugs kanamycin (Km),protionamide (Pto),paraaminosalicylic acid (PAS) and levofloxacin (Lfx) were performed.Negative conversion rates of mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum culture were also observed and compared among different groups with x2 test.Results Among 183 MDR-PTB patients,49 cases (26.8％) were resistant to Lfx,which was significantly higher than that of Km (8.7％,n =16),Pto (13.1％,n =24) and PAS (6.6％,n=12) (x2 =37.983,P＜0.05).The resistant rate to Lfx in group D was 45.8％ (33/72),which was higher than that in group A (2/30,6.7％),group B (6/28,21.4％) and group C (8/53,15.1％) (x2 =14.413,5.047 and 13.087,P ＜0.05).The occurrence of pre-extensively drug resistance (Pre-XDR) in group D was 34.7％ (25/72),which was higher than that in group A (3/30,10.0％) and group C (9/53,17.0％) (x2 =6.499 and 4.852,P ＜ 0.05).Among 157 MDR-PTB patients who received standard anti-tuberculosis treatment for one year,the negative conversion rate of mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum culture was 87.3％ (137/157).The negative conversion rate in group D was lower than that in other groups,but the difference was not of statistical significance (x2 =1.899,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The efficacies of second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs vary among MDR-TB patients resistant to different firstline anti-tuberculosis drugs.The sensitivity tests results of the first-line drugs may serve as reference for MDR chemotherapy regimen in lack of test results of second-line drugs.

Objective To evaluate the effect of autophagy-related factors LC3 and Bnip-3 and apoptosis related factors Bcl-2 and Bax on brain damage in experimental diabetic rats .Methods Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into diabetic group and control group .The diabetic group was injected with 1% streptozotocin ( 60 mg/kg body mass ) and the control group with citrate buffer .The rats were sacrificed after 12 weeks feeding and brain tissues were obtained .Pathological chan-ges were observed and the expression of LC 3, Bnip-3, Bcl-2 and Bax in brain tissues of the rats was detected by immuno-histochemical SP method .Results Compared with the control group ,the diabetic rat brain pathology showed that the cell arrangment was more disorderly and distributed more unevenly , the cell body was smaller , cytoplasm was lighter red , and the number of nerve cells of normal morphology was smaller .The positive number of LC3, Bnip-3 and Bax in brain tissues of diabetic rats was significantly larger than in the control group ,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). However ,the positive number of Bcl-2 was significantly smaller than in the control group ,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001).In diabetic rats, LC3 and Bnip-3 showed a weak positive correlation(P<0.05), Bcl-2 and Bax were irrelevant, Bnip-3 and Bax were positively weakly-correlated(P<0.05),Bcl-2 was not correlated;and Bcl-2 and Bax were irrelevant.Conclusion LC3,Bnip-3 and Bax in the brain tissue of diabetic rats are overexpressed , while Bcl-2 shows weak expression , indicating that autophagy factors and apoptotic factors are involved in the process of brain injury in diabet -ic rats, which may be one of the mechanisms of brain tissue damage .

Objective To explore the etiology, pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation and treatment for dengue fever according to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM) . Methods A retrospective case analysis was carried out in 257 dengue fever patients admitted in 2013 by Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The clinical data of pathogenic features, TCM symptoms and signs, and therapeutic regimen were collected and analyzed. Results Six commonly-seen TCM syndrome patterns for dengue fever were classified into disease involving both defensive system and Qi system, excessive heat in defensive system, summer-heat and dampness stagnating the middle-jiao or attacking the exterior, excessive heat in both Qi system and blood system, pathogenic factors lodging between diaphragm and pleura, and mixture of blood stasis and toxicity, and the corresponding prescriptions were Yinqiao Powder, Chaige Jieji Decoction, Xinjia Xiangru Decoction, Qingwen Baidu Decoction, Dayuan Decoction, Xijiao Dihuang Decoction, respectively. Conclusion The TCM syndrome patterns of dengue fever in Guangzhou area are characterized as excessive heat in Qi system, complicated with nutrient and blood system syndrome, and mostly are blended with dampness. Correspondingly, the therapeutic principles should be clearing heat and removing toxicity in Qi system with cold-cool herbs, and assisting with cooling blood to clear heat in Qi system and removing dampness.

Objective To compare the risk of tumor invasion and metastasis under paravertebral block (PVB) combined with general anesthesia versus general anesthesia in the patients undergoing radical resection for lung cancer performed via video-assisted thoracoscope in terms of plasma concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9).Methods Forty ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 30-64 yr,with body mass index of 18-25 kg/m2,scheduled for elective radical resection for lung cancer performed via video-assisted thoracoscope,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =20 each) using a random number table:general anesthesia group (group G) and PVB combined with general anesthesia (group PG).PVB of T4-7 was performed successfully with local injection of 0.375％ ropivacaine 5 ml before induction of anesthesia.Double-lumen endotracheal tube was placed after induction of anesthesia,and the patients were mechanically ventilated.Anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of sevoflurane (end-tidal concentration 1％-2％),and intravenous infusion of remifentanil 0.2-0.3 μg · kg-1 · min-1,and intermittent intravenous boluses of atracurium.Before anesthesia and at 24 h after surgery,the venous blood samples were collected for measurement of plasma concentrations of VEGF and MMP-9.Results The plasma VEGF and MMP-9 concentrations were significantly lower after surgery in group PG than in group G.Conclusion PVB combined with general anesthesia significantly decreases the risk of tumor invasion and metastasis in the patients undergoing radical lung cancer resection performed via video-assisted thoracoscope in comparison to general anesthesia.