Medical molecular imaging not only promotes the development of medical imaging, but also pushes research progress of life science and benefits the amalgamation of multi-subjects in medical imaging. This editorial overviews the history and development trends of medical molecular imaging.
Humans ; Molecular Imaging ; trends

Adenocarcinoma ; surgery ; Adenoma ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; surgery ; Hemangioma ; surgery ; Humans ; Ileal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Jejunal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Lymphoma ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged

Cancer has become the leading cause of mortality in the urban area of China. Whole body diffusion weighted imaging (WB-DWI), also known as virtual positron emission tomography, has gradually become accepted as an image tool in tumor localization, characterization, staging and monitoring response to therapy or tumor recurrence. Our article aimed to summarize the limited initial clinical use of WB-DWI in the referred area, and to analyze the most potential advantage of WB-DWI in therapeutic monitoring and tumor staging. WB-DWI as a highly sensitive, completely non-invasive, well-tolerated and low price technique has a promising furture in tumor assessment. Profound clinical study is necessary for its further application improvement.
China ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Humans ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Whole Body Imaging ; methods

Human bocavirus (HBoV) 1-4 have been detected both in respiratory and stool samples since the first HBoV was discovered in 2005. HBoV-1 is mostly associated with respiratory infection, while HBoV 2-4 are usually associated with intestinal tract infection. A variety of signs and symptoms have been described in patients with HBoV infection, including cough, wheezing, pneumonia, and diarrhea, but the research on pathogenic mechanism of HBoV is limited because HBoV cannot be cultured in vitro due to the lack of appropriate host cells. Three-dimensional epithelial cell culture, reverse genetics, and viral metagenomics are identified as novel tools that may promote the research on pathogenic mechanism of HBoV and the discovery of new viruses. This review summaries currently available diagnostic approaches such as electron microscopy, cell culture, PCR, and immunoassay in order to provide a method reference for indepth research on HBoV.
Animals ; Human bocavirus ; genetics ; growth & development ; isolation & purification ; pathogenicity ; Humans ; Parvoviridae Infections ; diagnosis ; virology ; Viral Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Virology ; methods ; Virulence ; Virus Cultivation

Objective To explore the application value of right heart contrast echocardiography in patients with transient ischemic stroke (TIA) of unknow cause.Methods Totally 120 patients with TIA (TIA group) and 60 cases of normal healthy volunteers (normal group) were enrolled.Two groups underwent right heart contrast echocardiography to observe whether there was a foramen ovale arteriosus (PFO) or not.Diagnostic criteria were left ventricular internal appearing micro bubble≥5 that came from the right atrium to left atrium in three cardiac cycles.Results Small and medium amount of right to left shunt had no significant difference between TIA group and normal group (both P＞0.05),and large amount of right to left shunt had significant difference between the two groups (P＜0.01).Conclusion Contrast echocardiography can effectively diagnose of PFO,and amount of right to left shunt of PFO has relationship with the onset of TIA.

An anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) was used to treat thermal denitration tail liquid and microbial community was studied. Activated sludge was taken from the reactor for scanning electron microscope analysis. The images showed that the dominant cells in the flora were oval cocci. Its diameter was about 0.7 μm. Through a series of molecular biology methods such as extracting total DNA from the sludge, PCR amplification, positive clone authentication and sequencing, we obtained the 16S rDNA sequences of the flora. Phylogenetic tree and clone library were established. The universal bacteria primers of 27F-1492R PCR amplification system obtained 85 clones and could be divided into 21 OTUS. The proportions were as follows: Proteobacteria 61.18%; Acidobacteria 17.65%; Chlorobi 8.24%; Chlorofexi 5.88%; Gemmatimonadetes 3.53%; Nitrospirae 2.35% and Planctomycetes 1.18%. The specific anammox bacterial primers of pla46rc-630r and AMX368-AMX820 PCR amplification system obtained 45 clones. They were divided into 3 OTUS. Candidatus brocadia sp. occupied 95.6% and unknown strains occupied 4.4%.
Ammonia ; chemistry ; Bacteria ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Sewage ; microbiology

Bilirubin ; Child ; Duodenogastric Reflux ; diagnosis ; Esophageal Diseases ; diagnosis ; Esophagus ; metabolism ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; diagnosis ; Humans

Adolescent ; Bilirubin ; metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Duodenogastric Reflux ; metabolism ; Esophageal pH Monitoring ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Stomach ; physiopathology

Penaeidin-2 (Pen-2) is an important antimicrobial peptide derived from the Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, and possesses both antibacterial and antifungal activities. Recent studies suggest that recombinant penaeidins show similar activities to the native Pen-2 protein. Previous researches have shown that some antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) exhibit cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. To date, there have been no studies on the antitumor effects of Pen-2. This study evaluated the potential of recombinant pen-2 (rPen-2) in the selective killing of kidney cancer cell lines ACHN and A498, and its action mechanism. MTT assays found the maximal growth inhibition of HK-2, ACHN and A498 cells treated with 100 μg/mL rPen-2 at 48 h was 13.2%, 62.4%, and 70.4%, respectively. DNA-specific fluorescent dye staining showed a high percentage of apoptosis on cancer cells. Flow cytometry revealed that the apoptosis rate of HK-2, ACHN and A498 cells was 15.2%, 55.2%, and 61.5% at 48 h respectively, suggesting that rPen-2 induced higher apoptosis rate in cancer cells than in HK-2 cells. Laser confocal scanning microscopy demonstrated that the plasma membrane was the key site where rPen-2 interacted with and destroyed tumor cells. Scanning electron microscopy showed the morphologic changes of the cell membranes of kidney cancer cells treated with rPen-2. These results suggest that rPen-2 is a novel potential therapeutic agent that may be useful in treating kidney cancers.

BACKGROUND:A preliminary experiment developed a double-chamber stirred bioreactor which can carry out osteogenic and cartilage induction at the same time.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of double-chamber stirred bioreactor on the repair of goat knee cartilage defects with tissue-engineered cartilage.
METHODS:Twelve goats were selected to make bilateral femoral condyle osteochondral defects models and randomized to three groups:experimental group, implanted with the composites ofβ-tricalcium phosphate and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells that were subjected to 2-week chondrogenic and osteogenic induction simultaneously in the double-chamber stirred bioreactor under mechanical stimulation;control group, implanted with the composites ofβ-tricalcium phosphate and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells that were subjected to 2-week chondrogenic and osteogenic induction simultaneously in the double-chamber stirred bioreactor;blank control group, without treatment. After 12 and 24 weeks of implantation, general observation, Masson staining, II col agen immunohistochemical staining and histological scoring were performed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the experimental and control groups, new cartilage tissue and bone tissue were visible, but the experimental group showed better repair effects than the control group (P<0.05). The blank control group had no cartilage formation. These findings indicate that under the mechanical stimulation by the double-chamber stirred bioreactor in vitro, the repair effect of tissue-engineered osteochondral complex on knee joint cartilage defects can be improved.