Erectile dysfunction (ED) results from the interaction of many pathological factors. Studies show that a high incidence of ED is associated with chronic diseases of various systems, and its pathogenesis is not fully understood. This article outlines the progress in recent studies on the impact of chronic diseases on erectile function.
Chronic Disease ; Erectile Dysfunction ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Penile Erection ; physiology

Adult ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Melanosis ; pathology ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; pathology

Objective CXCR4-overexpressing bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (CXCR4-BMSC) were constructed and co-cultured with hypoxia/re-oxygenation pretreated renal tubular epithelial cells (HR-RTEC).Repair of HR-RTEC was detected and the possible mechanism was also discussed.Methods CXCR4-BMSC (CXCR4-BMSC/eGFP,eGFP as the tracer gene) and null-BMSC (BMSC/eGFP) were obtained by gene transfection technique,and the level of CXCR4 in the transfected cells was detected.RTEC was cultured under hypoxia/re-oxygenation condition for 12 h,respectively,to obtain HR-RTEC,which was used to simulate AKI in vitro.BMSC and HR-RTEC were co-cultured for 12 h,and the proportion of apoptotic cells among the HR-RTEC was assayed by immunofluorescence technique.Western blot was used to test the protein levels of cleaved Caspase-3 and Bcl-2.The number of migrating BMSC was also assayed.After culturing with the HR-RTEC culture supernatant,the expression of cytokeratin 18 (CK18) in BMSC was tested by immunofluorescence staining.Cytokines including bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7),hepatic growth factor (HGF) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the BMSC culture supernatant were detected by ELISA method.Results Expression of CXCR4 was enhanced in CXCR4-BMSC.Proportions of the apoptotic cells among HR-RTEC after being co-cultured with BMSC,CXCR4-BMSC and null-BMSC were all decreased,especially in the C/H group.The decreased cleaved Caspase-3 and enhanced Bcl-2 were also observed in HR-RTEC.The number of migrating CXCR4-BMSC was the highest.Proportions of CK18+ cells in BMSC,CXCR4-BMSC and null-BMSC were all low and showed no difference.However,CXCR4 overexpression in BMSC stimulated secretions of BMP-7,HGF and IL-10.Conclusions CXCR4-overexpressing BMSC has more repair effect on the co-cultured HR-RTEC,the enhanced migration ability and secretion ability of CXCR4-BMSC are the possible mechanisms.

Objective: To investigate the change of the micro- and ultramicro-structure of in- trahepatic bile duct after liver graft and the protection of hypoxic preconditioning. Methods: The model of orthotopic autologous liver transplantation was used, thirty SD rats were randomly divided into three groups. A: orthotopic autologous liver transplantation group; B: hypoxic preconditioning before operation group; C: sham operation group. The serum bilirubin ,the micro-structure of biliary epithelial cell and the ultramicro-structure of cholangiole were determined in three groups after 48hours after operation. Results: As compared with B group: the serum bilirubin increased (P

OBJECTIVETo investigate the levels of secretions from the prostate and seminal vesicles and their association with the expressions of aquaporins (AQP) in the prostatic tissue and seminal vesicles of castrated rats.

METHODSWe randomly divided 18 eight-week-old male SD rats into a control, a castration, and a testosterone (T) replacement group. Four weeks after surgical castration, we detected the plasma T level and measured the volumes of the secretions and the expressions of AQPs 3, 7, and 10 - 12 in the prostate and seminal vesicles of the rats.

RESULTSThe plasma T level was significantly lower in the castrated models ([30. 98 ± 28. 84] ng/dl) than in the rats of the control ([700.78 ± 123.8] ng/dl) and T replacement groups ([688.08 ± 132. 47] ng/dl) (P <0. 05). The castration group, in comparison with the control and T replacement groups, showed remarkably reduced ratios of prostatic secretion volume / prostate weight ([11.1 ± 0.30] vs [2.32 ± 0.61] and [2.13 ± 0.56] %, P <0. 05) and seminal vesicle secretion volume / seminal vesicle weight ( [4. 78 ± 1. 97 ] vs [57. 36 ± 11. 86] and [55. 74 ± 7. 21] %, P < 0. 05). Immunohistochemistry revealed the expressions of AQPs 3 and 7 in the epithelial envelop and cytoplasm and that of AQP 11 the in endothelial envelop and cytoplasm of the prostate and seminal vesicles. Western blot exhibited significantly lower expressions of AQPs 3, 7, and 10 - 12 in the prostate and seminal vesicles of the castrated rats than in the animals of the control and T replacement groups (P <0. 05).

CONCLUSIONSignificant decreases of the secretions from the prostate and seminal vesicles may be related to the reduced expressions of AQPs 3, 7, and 10 - 12 in the prostatic tissue and seminal vesicles in castrated rats.

Animals ; Aquaporins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Prostate ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Seminal Vesicles ; metabolism ; Testosterone ; blood

Objective To analyze the spectrum of underlying diseases in children with transient loss of consciousness (TLOC) through a multi-center and large sample clinical research.Methods Nine hundred and thirty-seven children with TLOC who came from Beijing,Hunan province,Hubei province and Shanghai of China from Aug 1999 to Apr 2011 were recruited in the present study,and then the spectrum of underlying diseases in children with TLOC was analyzed.Results In 937 children with TLOC,903 cases (96.4％ )were children with syncope,34 cases (3.6％) were non-syncope.And in 903 children with syncope,213 cases (23.6％) had vasovagal syncope (VVS) with vasoinhibitory response,46 cases (5.1％ ) had VVS with cardioinhibitory response,112 cases ( 12.4％ ) had VVS with mixed response,268 cases (29.7％ ) had postural tachycardia syndrome,22 cases (2.4％) had orthostatic hypotension,19 cases (2.1％ ) had situational syncope,21 cases (2.3％ ) had cardiogenic syncope,and 202 cases (22.4％ ) had unexplained syncope.Conclusion In children with TLOC,syncope was the most common underlying disease.And in children with syncope,the most common was VVS,followed by postural tachycardia syndrome.In three different hemodynamic patterns of VVS,the most common pattern was VVS vasoinhibitory pattern.

Objective To investigate the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)in the transplanted liver in rats and the role of HIF-1α in the JNK signaling pathway.Methods Ninety-six SD rats were randomly divided into normal control(NC)group,autotransplantation(AT)group,hypoxia preconditioning (HP)+ AT group according to simple random sampling method.No treatment was applied to the rats in the NC group except for blood vessel separation.Stable rat models of 70％ AT was established in the AT group.Rats in the HP + AT group were given 8％ oxygen mixed gas for 90 minutes before the operation.The levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)were detected at 1,2,12,24 hours after operation,and the expression of HIF-1α in the hepatic tissue,mRNA expression of c-Jun,and protein expression of Cleaved Caspase-3 were detected by immunohistochemical staining,reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot,respectively.All data were analyzed using the analysis of variance or t test.Results The levels of ALT and AST in the HP + AT group were significantly lower than those in the AT group,while higher than those in the NC group at 1,2,12 and 24 hours after the operation(F=2631.371,1177.642,810.383,682.848;743.618,1095.522,375.995,580.613,P ＜0.05).The protein expression levels of HIF-1α in the AT group were significantly lower than those in the HP + AT group,but higher than those in the NC group at 1,2,12 and 24 hours after operation(F = 191.737,284.482,459.419,213.782,P ＜ 0.05).The mRNA expression levels of c-Jun in the HP + AT group were significantly lower than those in the AT group,while higher than those in the NC group at 1,2 and 12 hours after operation(F = 66.211,53.169,9.645,P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the mRNA expression of c-Jun among the 3 groups at 24 hours after operation(F = 1.100,P ＞ 0.05).The protein expressions of Cleaved Caspase-3 in the HP + AT group were significantly lower than those in the AT group,while higher than those in the NC group at 1,2,12 and 24 hours after the operation(F =23.133,31.158,14.347,29.043,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion High expression of HIF-1α after HP inhibits apoptosis of hepatic cells and alleviates ischemia reperfusion injury of hepatic tissues by suppressing JNK activation,down-regulating protein expression of Cleaved Caspase-3 after orthotopic liver transplantation in rats.

Objective To evaluate the tolerance and safety of sorafenib for elderly patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma.Methods Forty cases with advanced renal cell carcinoma were enrolled,26 were males and 14 were females,the average age was 70 years.Recurrence or metastasis was found in 32 patients who had received nephrectomy,22 of the 32 cases had received cytokine therapy before recurrence or metastasis.Primary renal lesions of 8 cases could not be resected,so patients get renal tumor biopsy.Pathological type of all patients was clear cell carcinoma.KPS of all the patients were ≥70 points.Sorafenib was used as first-line treatment,with 400 mg twice per day,until intolerance or disease progression occurred.Results The average treatment time was 7.5 months (3-18 months),CR 0 case,PR 6 cases,SD 29 cases,PD 5 cases.The overall objective response rate and disease control rate were 15.0% (6/40)and 87.5%(35/40),respectively.The median follow-up period was 11 months.The adverse reaction included hand-foot skin reaction(70.0%),alopecia (62.5%),rash(52.5%),diarrhea(37.5%),loss of appetite(32.5%),fatigue(27.5%).Most adverse reactions occurred around the second week after drug therapy initiation,their duration did not equal.And most of these adverse reactions could be released by symptomatic treatment,they did not affect the treatment.Conclusions The types of adverse reactions of sorafenib for elderly patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma are similar to those reported in the literature.Generally the degree of adverse reactions is minor,with good tolerance and safety.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Choristoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Encephalocele ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; metabolism ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Meningocele ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Neuroglia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Nose Diseases ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Vimentin ; metabolism ; Young Adult

Actins ; analysis ; Animals ; Dimethylnitrosamine ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Necrosis ; chemically induced ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reticulin ; analysis ; Silver Staining