Based on the teaching fact and feature of pharmacy specialty. In this article, curriculum location of general microbiology about object, character, function, content design for the higher vocational colleges were disscused. The result would provide some gist to reform teaching methods for microbiology course.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bleomycin ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hemangioma ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pharyngeal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Young Adult

Our work focuses on the quality control and structural identification of Photocyanine as a cancer therapeutic photosensitizer. Photocyanine is a mixture which contains four ZnPcS2P2 type substituted Phthalocyanine isomers. In order to obtain the single component from Photocyanine, the mixture of four isomers possessing the similar structures and chemical property had been isolated and purified. An HPLC method with a mixture of methanol-acetonitrile-ion-pair buffer as the mobile phase was applied to isolate the four isomers by means of a semi-preparative C18 column. To remove the salts which were mixed in the preparative product, a SPE C18 column was used to separate the salts by elution with water and then the marker component was eluted by methanol. Subsequently, a column of Sephadex LH-20 gel was applied to elute the crudes with methanol to desalination. The purity of the isolated compound was measured by TLC and four different isomers of phthalocyanine were obtained. The chemical structures of them were elucidated by 1H NMR spectra, gCOSY and NOE1D. An HPLC-DAD method was developed for simultaneously determination of four major isomers in Photocyanine with a C18 column (Grace Smart, 150 mm x 4.6 mm ID, 5 microm). The separation was carried out with a gradient program at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and ion-pair buffer (0.01 mol x L(-1) hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and 0.01 mol x L(-1) potassium dihydrogen phosphate, adjusted the pH value to 6.8 with potassium hydroxide solution). The resolution values of four isomers were 2.5, 1.20, 1.33, and 1.8. Linear regression analysis for four compounds was performed by the external standard method. Four constituents were linear in the concentration range of 0.005 to 10 microg. The values of relative standard deviation (RSD) of intra-day were 0.12%, 0.66%, 0.99%, and 1.21%, respectively. The limits of detection for four compounds were 15 ng, 20 ng, 12 ng, and 25 ng, respectively. This method was simple, accurate and reproducible. The developed method can be successfully applied to analyze isomers in Photocyanine.
Antineoplastic Agents ; analysis ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Indoles ; analysis ; chemistry ; Isomerism ; Molecular Structure ; Organometallic Compounds ; analysis ; chemistry ; Photochemotherapy ; Photosensitizing Agents ; analysis ; chemistry ; Quality Control

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of docetaxel plus cisplatin ( DP) chemotherapy regimen combined with parenteral enteral nutrition in the treatment of gastric cancer .Methods Seventy -three gastric cancer patients with pyloric obstruction were recruited in this study.Of the included 73 patients, 42 subjects (control group) received surgery immediately on diagnosis and other 31 subjects (treatment group) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy of DP regimen combined with parenteral enteral nutrition before the surgery .The clinical efficacy and complications in the two groups were compared after the surgery.Results The radical resection rates were 87.1%(27 /31) in the treatment group and 71.4% (30 /42 ) in the control group ( P <0.05).The Complication incidences were much lower in treatment group compared with those of control group (P all <0.05), such as abdominal infections, lung infections and stomach paralysis. Conclusion DP chemotherapy regimen combined with parenteral enteral nutrition can enhance the radical resection rate and decrease the general complications in the treatment of gastric cancer patients with pyloric obstruction.

OBJECTIVETo study the phenotypic and genotypic resistance to Fluoroquinolones in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) isolated in Jiangsu province of China.

METHODSIn-vitro, susceptibility testing of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin against ninety-five clinical isolates were determined by agar dilution method. Detection of mutation in the gyrA and parC genes was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and sequence analysis.

RESULTSThe clinical isolates demonstrated 100% resistance to ciprofloxacin. Based on gyrA and parC mutations, 18 types could be categorized among the 54 isolates. Based on the same gyrA mutations,isolates with high MIC appeared to have had more mutations in parC gene.

CONCLUSIONThe status of resistance to ciprofloxacin in NG was quite serious, and ciprofloxacin treatment for the treatment of NG infections in Jiangsu province should not be recommended. The results from this study suggested that mutations in the parC gene had contributed to the development of high Fluoroquinolone resistance in NG.

China ; DNA Gyrase ; genetics ; DNA Topoisomerase IV ; genetics ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Fluoroquinolones ; pharmacology ; Genotype ; Gonorrhea ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae ; drug effects ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Phenotype

Ibuprofen/ethyl-cellulose (EC)-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) sustained-release composite particles were prepared by using supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology. With drug loading as the main evaluation index, orthogonal experimental design was used to optimize the preparation process of EC-PVP/ibuprofen composite particles. The experiments such as encapsulation efficiency, particle size distribution, electron microscope analysis, infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro dissolution were used to analyze the optimal process combination. The orthogonal experimental optimization process conditions were set as follows: crystallization temperature 40 degrees C, crystallization pressure 12 MPa, PVP concentration 4 mgmL(-1), and CO2 velocity 3.5 Lmin(-1). Under the optimal conditions, the drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of ibuprofen/EC-PVP composite particles were 12.14% and 52.21%, and the average particle size of the particles was 27.621 microm. IR and DSC analysis showed that PVP might complex with EC. The experiments of in vitro dissolution showed that ibuprofen/EC-PVP composite particles had good sustained-release effect. Experiment results showed that, ibuprofen/EC-PVP sustained-release composite particles can be prepared by supercritical CO2 anti-solvent technology.
Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; Carbon Dioxide ; chemistry ; Cellulose ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Crystallization ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Compounding ; Ibuprofen ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Particle Size ; Povidone ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

OBJECTIVETo analyzed retrospectively two groups of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) receiving bortezomib and dexamethasone (VD) regimen and vincristine combined with pirarubicin and dexamethasone and melphalan(VADM) regimen.

METHODSTwenty-four patients were enrolled in a group of VD, receiving bortezomib 1.3mg/m(2) on days 1, 4, 8, 11 and dexamethasone 20mg on days 1-4 intravenously of every 21-day cycle. EBMT Standard was used to evaluate the efficacy and NCI-CTC V3.0 was used to decide the adverse effect. Thirty matched patients with newly diagnosed MM who received VADM were used as control group, receiving vincristine 0.4 mg/d and pirarubicin 9 mgxm(-2)xd(-1) and dexamethasone 20 mg/d and melphalan 12 mg/d on days 1 - 4 intravenously of every 28 day cycle.

RESULTSWith a median follow-up of 10.5 months in VD group, there were 87.5% patients (21/24) responded, including 12 cases (50.0%) of complete remission (CR) or near complete remission (nCR). The total response rate (RR) was 76.7% in VADM group, with no significant difference in VD group (P = 0.483). CR + nCR rate was significantly higher in VD group than in VADM group (10%) (P = 0.001). RR and CR + nCR of light chain patients in VD group were significantly higher than in VADM group (P = 0.025 and 0.040, respectively). The median time to response and to best response were significantly shorter in VD group than in VADM group. In VD group, the RR of 8 patients with renal dysfunction was 87.5%, and that of 16 with normal renal function was 75% (P = 0.631). There was no significant difference in adverse effects between patient with renal dysfunction and normal function (P > 0.05). The main adverse effects in VD group were fatigue (66.7%), diarrhea (58.3%), peripheral neuropathy (54.2%), thrombocytopenia (29.2%), infection (29.2%), fever (25.0%) and constipation (25.0%). Most of the adverse effects were mild (grade 1 - 2) and could be relieved by symptomatic treatments. The most common adverse event in VADM group was neutropenia (83.8%), infection (35.5%), vomiting (35.5%), loss of hair (32.5%) and thrombocytopenia (16.2%).

CONCLUSIONVD has higher CR + nCR rate compared with VADM and can be tolerant in most patients. VD is safe in patients with renal inadequacy.

Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Boronic Acids ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Bortezomib ; Dexamethasone ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma ; drug therapy ; Pyrazines ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To establish a Kawasaki disease mathematical diagnosis model in order to sup-port clinical decision-making. Methods Children with fever admitted to Shanghai Children's Hospital from Jan-uary 2013 to July 2017 were recruited and were divided into Kawasaki disease group and other disease control groups according to the final clinical diagnosis. The general clinical information and laboratory indicators were compared,a mathematical model was established and evaluated through the logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 1916 children were enrolled in this study,with an average age of 3. 47 ± 2. 83 years. Of these,1085 (56. 6％) were male,831 (43. 4％) were female,479 (25. 0％) were diagnosed with Kawasaki disease and 1099 (75. 0％) were with other diagnosis. Logistic regression analysis included dependent variables and inde-pendent variables,and the results showed that the Hosmer and Lemeshow test of this model was P=0. 944,the difference was not significant,indicating that the fitting equation and the true equation without deviation; age , fever days,ESR,CRP,WBC,ALB and DD dimers were independent risk factors for Kawasaki disease. The pre-dictive equation of Logistic regression is:ln P1-p( )= -7. 337 +2. 163 × CRP+1. 56 × DD+1. 612 × ESR+1. 392+age+1. 724 × days of fever +2. 295 × WBC +0. 808 × ALB. The patient model score and the ROC curve was calculated. The area under the curve was 0. 927 (95％ CI:0. 905-0. 950). When the score was 9,the Youden index was the highest(72. 9％),the sensitivity and specificity were 89. 7％ and 83. 2％. Conclusion The Kawasaki disease diagnosis mathematical model established in this study has good diagnostic efficacy,which need to be confirmed by further large-scale,multicenter studies.

OBJECTIVESome research has shown that hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) can decrease the rate of mortality and disability caused by hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in neonates. However, the HBO pressure used in the clinical reports and the efficacy of HBO are different. This study was designed to investigate the efficacy of HBO therapy under different pressures by observing the changes of peroxidation, antioxidant levels and brain vasomotor regulation factors as well as the score of neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA) in neonates with HIE after HBO therapy.

METHODSSixty neonates with HIE were randomly administered with 1.4, 1.5 or 1.6 atmosphere absolute (ATA) of HBO, once daily for seven days. Serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were measured before and after HBO therapy. Meanwhile, NBNA and eye ground examination were performed.

RESULTSSerum SOD level increased and serum levels of MDA, NO and NOS decreased significantly after HBO therapy in the three HBO therapy groups (P<0.01). Serum SOD level was significantly higher and serum levels of MDA, NO and NOS were significantly lower in the 1.6 ATA HBO group than those in the 1.4 ATA group after therapy (P<0.05). The 1.6 ATA HBO group also showed increased SOD and decreased MDA levels compared with the 1.5 ATA HBO group after therapy (P<0.05). NBNA scores in the three groups increased significantly after HBO therapy (P<0.05). None of the three HBO therapy group patients showed abnormal eye grounds after therapy.

CONCLUSIONSHBO therapy with 1.4, 1.5 or 1.6 ATA is safe and effective for neonatal HIE. The antioxidant capacity increases with the increasing HBO pressure in neonates with HIE.

Female ; Humans ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; blood ; Pressure ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a member of the lipocalin family. As a novel adipokine, it widely presents in the tissues under the condition of metabolic disorders. More and more studies suggest that NGAL might be a marker for a variety of diseases associated with lipid metabolism. It is likely that NGAL plays an important role in obese-inflammation-induced metabolic syndrome,insulin resistance, glucose and lipid metabolism, endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis pathway.
Acute-Phase Proteins ; metabolism ; Atherosclerosis ; Biomarkers ; metabolism ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Insulin Resistance ; Lipocalin-2 ; Lipocalins ; metabolism ; Metabolic Syndrome ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Obesity ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; metabolism