Brentuximab vedotin (BV), a potent antibody-drug conjugate, targets the CD30 antigen. Owing to the remarkable efficacy shown in CD30-positive lymphomas, such as Hodgkin's lymphoma and systemic anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, BV was granted accelerated approval in 2011 by the US Food and Drug Administration. Thereafter, many large-scale trials in various situations have been performed, which led to extensions of the original indication. The aim of this review was to describe the latest updates on clinical trials of BV and the in-practice guidance for the use of BV.
Antigens, CD30 ; Financing, Organized ; Hodgkin Disease ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic ; United States Food and Drug Administration

OBJECTIVE: An intracranial aneurysm is an important acquired cerebrovascular disease that can cause a catastrophic subarachnoid hemorrhage. Atherosclerosis is one of possible mechanism, but its contribution to aneurysm formation is unclear. Experimentally induced cerebral aneurysm rate by high lipid diet was evaluated and compared with high salt and normal diet to elucidate the role of lipid metabolism in the process of cerebral aneurysm formation. METHODS: Thirty-seven 7-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats received a cerebral aneurysm induction procedure. The control animals (n=11) were fed a normal diet, and the experimental animals were fed a diet containing 8% salt (n=15) and high lipid (n=11) for three months. Three months after the operation, the rats were killed, their cerebral arteries were dissected, and the regions of the bifurcation of the right anterior cerebral artery-olfactory artery (ACA-OA) bifurcations were examined histologically and aneurysm induction rates among three groups were analysed. RESULTS: Average systolic blood pressures after 3 months feeding in three groups (high salt diet group, high lipid diet group and normal diet group) were 175.9+/-3.4 mmHg, 133.7+/-5.1 mmHg and 128+/-2.9 mmHg, respectively. The difference between high lipid group and normal diet group was not significant (P=0.215). The aneurysm induction rate in three group were 87%, 63% and 36%. The difference between high lipid diet group and normal diet group was significant (Pearson k2, P=0.029). CONCLUSIONS: High lipid diet significantly increase the cerebral aneurysm induction rate in experimentally induced cerebral aneurysm model of rats. That suggests a possible adverse role for hyperlipidemia leading to aneurysm formation. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the exact role of hyperlipidemia in the pathophysiology of cerebral aneurysm.
Aneurysm ; Animals ; Arteries ; Atherosclerosis ; Cerebral Arteries ; Diet* ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Lipid Metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Choroid plexus carcinomas(CPCs) are rare neuroectodermal malginancies occuring mostly in young children of less than two years old, of which prognosis have been reported extremely grave. Generally, the extent of surgical resection has been regarded the most significant prognostic factor. However, the inherent hypervascularity and softness of these tumors make the total removal very difficult. We present our experience in a 18-months-old child with a large intraventricular CPC, of which total resection was achieved by the use of preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy with ICE regimen(Ifosfamide, Cisplatinum, Etoposide).
Child ; Choroid Plexus* ; Choroid* ; Drug Therapy* ; Humans ; Ice ; Neural Plate ; Prognosis

To evaluate possible roles of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, -2 and membrane-type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) in invasion of human gliomas, expressions of these proteins were investigated in ten cases of human glioma and two meningioma tissues and eight human glioma cell lines. In gelatin zymography, MMP-2 activities of glioblastomas were higher than astrocytomas. The activated form of MMP-2 was seen in five of six cases of glioblastomas, but not in astrocytomas. MMP-9 activity was detected in all cases of malignant astrocytomas but the reactivity of MMP-9 was weaker than that of MMP-2. MT1-MMP mRNA expression in glioblastomas was higher than that in astrocytomas. Five cases of glioblastomas with activated form of MMP-2 had MT1-MMP expressions. In vitro, human glioma cell lines with high expression of MT1-MMP also showed high MMP-2 activity. TIMP-1 transcripts were constitutively present in almost all glioma tissues and cell lines, whereas TIMP-2 mRNA were weak especially in malignant gliomas. Imbalance of TIMP-2/MMP-2 was observed using immunoprecipitation analysis in a glioma cell line. High expression of MMP-2 and MT1-MMP is possibly involved in invasiveness of malignant glioma.
Animal ; Blotting, Northern/methods ; Brain/pathology ; Brain Neoplasms/pathology ; Brain Neoplasms/enzymology* ; Enzyme Activation ; Gelatinase A/metabolism ; Gelatinase A/genetics* ; Gelatinase B/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic* ; Glioma/pathology ; Glioma/enzymology* ; Human ; Metalloendopeptidases/genetics* ; Papio ; Tissue Inhibitor-of Metalloproteinase-2/genetics ; Tissue-Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1/genetics ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

To evaluate possible roles of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, -2 and membrane-type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) in invasion of human gliomas, expressions of these proteins were investigated in ten cases of human glioma and two meningioma tissues and eight human glioma cell lines. In gelatin zymography, MMP-2 activities of glioblastomas were higher than astrocytomas. The activated form of MMP-2 was seen in five of six cases of glioblastomas, but not in astrocytomas. MMP-9 activity was detected in all cases of malignant astrocytomas but the reactivity of MMP-9 was weaker than that of MMP-2. MT1-MMP mRNA expression in glioblastomas was higher than that in astrocytomas. Five cases of glioblastomas with activated form of MMP-2 had MT1-MMP expressions. In vitro, human glioma cell lines with high expression of MT1-MMP also showed high MMP-2 activity. TIMP-1 transcripts were constitutively present in almost all glioma tissues and cell lines, whereas TIMP-2 mRNA were weak especially in malignant gliomas. Imbalance of TIMP-2/MMP-2 was observed using immunoprecipitation analysis in a glioma cell line. High expression of MMP-2 and MT1-MMP is possibly involved in invasiveness of malignant glioma.
Animal ; Blotting, Northern/methods ; Brain/pathology ; Brain Neoplasms/pathology ; Brain Neoplasms/enzymology* ; Enzyme Activation ; Gelatinase A/metabolism ; Gelatinase A/genetics* ; Gelatinase B/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic* ; Glioma/pathology ; Glioma/enzymology* ; Human ; Metalloendopeptidases/genetics* ; Papio ; Tissue Inhibitor-of Metalloproteinase-2/genetics ; Tissue-Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1/genetics ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

OBJECTIVE: Dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) at the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) are very rare. Endovascular treatment alone often fails to eliminate the fistula because of the midline location of the SSS, the eloquent venous drainage and the multiple bilateral arterial feeders. Surgical extirpation of dAVFs is not recommended in all cases because of the considerable risks involved. We report here on a case of dAVF at the SSS with patent sinus drainage and retrograde leptomeningeal venous drainage, and this was selectively disconnected using an aneurysmal clip under intraoperative Doppler monitoring. The neurological symptoms vanished during the 2 years of follow-up, and no further progression of the dAVF has been found. The methods of converting aggressive dAVFs to benign forms are relatively safe and simple. Therefore, this simple and effective method could be recommended for older aged patients with high intraoperative risk.
Aneurysm ; Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations* ; Drainage ; Fistula ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Superior Sagittal Sinus*

Vascular complications after percutaneous angiography include hematoma, pseudoaneurysm, arteriovenous fistula, thromboembolism, arterial laceration and infection. Hematomas may occur in the groin, thigh, retroperitoneal, intraperitoneal, or abdominal wall. A 54-year-old female underwent percutaneous transfemoral angiography for the evaluation of cerebral aneurysm. Renal subcapsular hematoma developed 3 hours after the procedure. Renal subcapsular hematoma after percutaneous angiography is very rare. We investigated the possible causes of renal subcapsular hematoma. To avoid this rare complication, we need to perform guide-wire passage carefully from the beginning of the procedure under full visual monitoring.
Abdominal Wall ; Aneurysm, False ; Angiography* ; Arteriovenous Fistula ; Catheterization ; Female ; Groin ; Hematoma* ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Lacerations ; Middle Aged ; Renal Artery ; Thigh ; Thromboembolism ; Vascular System Injuries

We report a case of trichilemmal catcinoma in a 79-year-old woman presentde an atrophic scar remaining after excision of a recurrent nodule on the right mandibular area, Her past history revealed that there had been a painful pea-sized brownish nofule on the same site for two years. Eleven months before presentation, it had been excised but recurred 9 months later. Histopathologic findings showed a clear cell neoplasm with trichilemmal keratinization. The tumor cells showed PAS-positive cytoplasm and cytologic atypia with a few mitoitic figures. Immunohistochemical staining for high molecular weight cytokeratin was positive but carcinoembryonic antigens and epithelial membrane antigens were all negative. To our knowledge this is the first report of trichilemmal carcinoma in Korea.
Aged ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; Cicatrix ; Cytoplasm ; Female ; Humans ; Keratins ; Korea ; Molecular Weight ; Mucin-1

After a partial mastectomy, large or ptotic breasts can be reconstructed using breast reduction techniques. Wise-pattern reduction is typically used to remove masses in any quadrant of the breast, but this technique leaves a large inverted T-shaped scar. Instead, the short scar periareolar inferior pedicle reduction (SPAIR) technique involves a periareolar line and does not result in a scar along the inframammary fold (IMF). A 49-year-old patient with macromastia and severely ptotic breasts was diagnosed with invasive cancer of the left breast. Her large breasts caused pain in her back, shoulders, and neck. She also expressed concern about postsurgical scarring along the IMF. In light of this concern, we chose the SPAIR technique, and we designed and performed the procedure as described by Hammond. During surgery, we removed 36 g of breast tumor and 380 g of breast parenchyma from the left breast. To establish symmetry, we also removed 410 g of tissue from the right breast. Postoperatively, the patient reported satisfaction regarding the reduction mammaplasty and, in particular, noted decreased back, shoulder, and neck pain. In summary, we used the SPAIR technique to achieve oncologic and aesthetic success in a patient with macromastia and a tumor located lateral to the nipple-areolar complex.

Angiogenesis is considered to be an integral process to the growth and spread of solid tumors. Anti-angiogenesis therapy recently has been found to be one of the most promising anti-cancer therapeutic strategies. In this study, we provide several lines of evidences showing that KR-31831, a new benzopyran derivative, has anti-angiogenic activities. KR-31831 inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion and tube formation of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs), and suppressed the release of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) of BAECs. KR-31831 also inhibited in vivo angiogenesis in mouse Matrigel plug assay. Furthermore, the mRNA expressions of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 (FGFR-2), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) were decreased by KR-31831. Taken together, these results suggest that KR-31831 acts as a novel angiogenesis inhibitor and might be useful for treating hypervascularized cancers.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/metabolism ; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/metabolism ; Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/*drug therapy ; Models, Biological ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism ; Male ; Ischemia/drug therapy ; Imidazoles/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/metabolism ; Endothelial Cells/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cell Movement/drug effects ; Cattle ; Benzopyrans/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors/*pharmacology/therapeutic use