No abstract available.
Depression, Postpartum* ; Female ; Postpartum Period*

No abstract available.
Takayasu Arteritis*

Colonic angiodysplasia is important because of the likelihood of lower gastrointestinal tract bleeding, either massively or chronically. A 66-year-old male patient visited our hospital because of hematochezia and lower abdominal discomfort. He underwent colonoscopy, which revealed 0.5 cm sized, cherry red colored, branching, ozzing vessel with fern-like margin on cecum. Although he received endoscopic injection therapy with hypertonic saline and oral estrogen-progesterone therapy, subsequent ileocecal resection was performed due to recurrent bleeding. Histology of the resected specimen showed irregularly dilated, distorted, thin-walled vessels in submucosa.
Aged ; Angiodysplasia* ; Cecum ; Colon* ; Colonoscopy ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Lower Gastrointestinal Tract ; Male ; Prunus

PURPOSE: The periventricular leukomalacia(PVL) tends to increase the risk of developing motor neurologic sequelae, delayed cognitive development, visual impairment, and epilepsy. Although several developmental screening test methods are being used, one of the oldest and best known developmental screening test was restandardized and revised as Denver Development Screening Test II(Denver II). The objective of this study is to analyse the correlation between the degree of PVL on MRI and the results of Denver II. METHODS: Among the children brought into Pusan National University Hospital between January 1996 and August 1999 with developmental delay, all of the 36 children with PVL on MRI were selected for the study. Denver II was checked in all these patients for screening of developmental delay with the review of medical records. Depending on the grade of PVL, total sample was classified into three groups, and it was based on abnormally increased signal intensity in periventricualr white matter or a reduced amount of periventricular white matter or both, and compensatory focal ventricular enlargement. We analysed the relationship of the grade of PVL and the results of Denver II. RESULTS: The 36 total patients were composed of 22 boys and 14 girls, with the age distribution between 11 to 72 months and the mean of 34.4 months. Delayed occurrence of gross motor sector were 5 cases(44.4%) in group 1, 16 cases(80.0%) in group 2, 7 cases(100.0%) in group 3. Incidence of delay was significantly higher in the high grade PVL group. Delayed rate of other sectors(fine motor-adaptive, personal-social) were higher in the high grade PVL group. But it was not statistically significant. Delayed rate of language sector has no correlation with grade of PVL on MRI. CONCLUSION: Incidence of dealy of gross motor sector was significantly higher in the high grade PVL group. However, language sector has no correlation with grade of PVL on MRI.
Age Distribution ; Brain* ; Busan ; Child ; Epilepsy ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Mass Screening* ; Medical Records ; Vision Disorders

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of undergraduate nursing student adaptation to college life and investigate the factors that influenced that adaptation. METHODS: First-year (undergraduate) students attending three nursing colleges were surveyed from November 24 through December 5, 2014; and data from 206 respondents were analyzed. For data analysis, multiple regression analysis was performed using the SPSS WIN 18.0 program. RESULTS: The findings showed that age (p=.002), emotional intelligence (p<.001), and self-efficacy (p<.001) were significant variables that influenced first-year undergraduate nursing student adaptation to college life. Undergraduate nursing student adaptation was explained by self-efficacy (beta=.327, p<.001), emotional intelligence (beta=.222, p=.001), satisfaction with education in their academic major (beta=-.217, p<.001), and academic achievement (beta=.136, p=.018); and, the explanatory power of these variables was 41.2%. CONCLUSION: To facilitate undergraduate nursing student adaptation to college life prior to clinical practice, developing and apply programs to improve self-efficacy, emotional intelligence, satisfaction with education in their major, and academic achievement is deemed necessary.
Surveys and Questionnaires ; Education ; Emotional Intelligence ; Humans ; Nursing ; Statistics as Topic ; Students, Nursing*

PURPOSE: Periventricular leukomalacia(PVL) is associated with various neurologic sequelae such as cerebral palsy and cortical blindness. The aim of this study was to analyse the correlation between the degree of PVL on MRI and clinical features or its severity. METHODS:Thirty-eight children with PVL on MRI among children brought to Pusan National University Hospital between January 1996 and August 1999 with development delay, cerebral palsy or epilepsy were included into the study group. We reviewed medical records of the patients including the gestational age, birth weight and neurologic sequelae. The grade for PVL was divided into 1 to 3, and it was based on abnormally increased signal intensity in periventricular white matter or a reduced amount of periventricular white matter or both, and compensatory focal ventricular enlargement. We analysed the relationship of the grade of PVL and various clinical findings. RESULTS: The age ranged from 11 months to 13 years old with a mean of 42 months. History of cesarean delivery and ventilator care were significantly frequent for the severe grade of PVL. Birth weight was significantly lower according to grade of PVL. Gestational age was lower according to the grade of PVL, but was not significant statistically. Incidence of cerebral palsy was significantly higher on the severe grade of PVL. Incidence of epilepsy and mental retardation were 34.2Yo and 23.9M, not associated with the grade of PVL. CONCLUSION: Incidence of cerebral palsy was associated with the severe grade of PVL, so we think MRI can be helpful in predicting neurodevelopmental outcome. (J Korean Pediatr Soc 2000;43 798-805)
Adolescent ; Birth Weight ; Blindness, Cortical ; Brain* ; Busan ; Cerebral Palsy ; Child ; Epilepsy ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Intellectual Disability ; Leukomalacia, Periventricular* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Medical Records ; Ventilators, Mechanical

OBJECTIVES: With the elderly population rising sharply, there is a rising interest in dementia, and recently researches on risk factors for dementia, particularly of Alzheimer's disease have been actively conducted. The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of the late-onset depression as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. METHODS: The subjects were divided into the group of the patients who were diagnosed with depression in the National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital from March 1, 2000 to December 31, 2009 and the corresponding control group, which was the group of the patients who were diagnosed with osteoarthritis for the same period. Of the above patients, the following cases were excluded from the final analysis. The excluded cases were those who were first diagnosed with either of the two diseases at the age of less than 50, and those who were diagnosed with major psychiatric disorder or neurologic disorder. As a result, a total of 5,347 people, made up of 1,697 depression patients and 3,650 osteoarthritis patients, were selected. Two groups were compared through survival analysis. RESULTS: Form the Log-Rank tests, it could be confirmed that there were significant differences (p<0.01) among the two groups. Even when many confounding factors including age and gender were controlled, the degree of occurrence of Alzheimer's disease was found to be higher in the group of late-onset depression patients than in the group of osteoarthritis patients (HR : 2.53-2.80). CONCLUSION: The late-onset depression can become independently the risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Therefore it can be expected that the rate of occurrence of Alzheimer's disease may be reduced through active medical treatment of depression.
Aged ; Alzheimer Disease ; Dementia ; Depression ; Humans ; National Health Programs ; Nervous System Diseases ; Osteoarthritis ; Risk Factors

Juvenile granulosa cell tumor (JGCT) is one of the sex cord stromal tumors of the ovary ocurring in the first two decades of life. These tumors are different from adult granulosa cell tumor (AJCT) with regard to clinical and pathological fetures. Follicles are often irregular, Call-exner bodies are rare, and luteinization is frequent. The tumor may be solid, cystic, or both. The most common presenting symptoms are abnormal uterine bleeding and pain. Breast swelling, pain and tenderness may also be associated with unopposed estrogen secretion by granulosa cell tumors. The tumor should be removed as soon as the diagnosis is estabilished. The juvenile granulosa cell tumor has a good overall prognosis because fewer than 5% of these tumors in children are malignant.
Adult ; Breast ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Estrogens ; Female ; Granulosa Cell Tumor* ; Granulosa Cells* ; Humans ; Lutein ; Luteinization ; Ovary* ; Prognosis ; Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors ; Uterine Hemorrhage

BACKGROUND: Control of seizure inducing factors (SIFs) is essential in the management of epilepsy. We suggest that avoiding of SIFs may prevent first attak of seizure in patients with risk factors or family history of epilepsy. We observed SIFs, clinical features associated with SIFs on their first seizure attack in patients diagnosed as epilepsy to help the prevention or management of the childhood epilepsy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was undertaken the analysis of 339 epileptic children visited to the pediatric Department of Pusan National University hospital from November, 1992 to July, 1998. RESULTS: 1) The 168 of 339 patients (49.5%) are associated with SIFs on first seizure attack. 2) Mean Age on their first seizure attack in the group with SIFs is 4.08+/-3.63 year-old and without SIFs is 2.80+/-3.34 year-old.3) The factors were febrile state (32.7%), sleepy state (29.0%), acute illness (8.3%), emotional stress (5.8%), fatigue (5.3%), hypoxia (4.7%), during watching TV or playing game (3.5%), head trauma (3.5%), bathing (2.8%), infection of central nervous system (2.3%), sleep deprivation (1.1%), vaccination (0.5%), hyperventilation(0.5%). 4) The types of seizure in patients with SIFs were as following : generalized tonic, clonic, tonic-clonic seiuzre was 140(90.9%), partial seiuzre 14(9.1%). 5) The family history of seizure disorders were not associated with SIFs. And 14(8.3%) of patients with SIFs had developmental delay, 24 (14.0%) of patients without SIFs. 6. Mean duration of control seizure was 1.52+/-2.65 years in the group with SIFs, 0.84+/-1.30 years in the group without SIFs. CONCLUSION: Early detection and education of the possible SIFs in each epileptic patients is considered as an important therapeutic modality in managing the epileptic patients in childhood.
Anoxia ; Baths ; Busan ; Central Nervous System ; Child ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Education ; Epilepsy* ; Fatigue ; Humans ; Precipitating Factors* ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Seizures* ; Sleep Deprivation ; Stress, Psychological ; Vaccination

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to determine temporal changes in expression of various genes and the effect of platelet-activating factor antagonist on their expression. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The changes in expression of various genes including interleukin-1, iNOS, TNF-alpha, ICAM-1, cPLA2, GLUT1, BDNF and Bcl-X according to time were examined using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) by checking at various time points after induction of middle cerebral artery(MCA) occlusion in the thrombotic and embolic models of stroke of Sprague-Dawley rats. We also examined the effect of pretreatment of a PAF antagonist, BN52021 on the expression of the same genes by RT-PCR and by in situ hybridization technique. RESULTS: The expressions of BDNF, IL-1, GLUT1, iNOS, cPLA2 and TNF-alpha were increased in ischemic brain tissue. However, the temporal profiles of their expression were variable; the peak expression was observed after 1 hour reperfusion in TNF-alpha, after 4 hours in IL-1, cPLA2 and BDNF and after 24 hours in GLUT1 and iNOS. Pretreatment of a PAF antagonist, BN52021, significantly inhibited the ischemia-induced expression of TNF-alpha, cPLA2 and iNOS without affecting the expression of the BDNF and GLUT1. In situ hybridization showed that cPLA2 expression induced by transient forebrain ischemia in dentate gyrus was ameliorated by the pretreatment of BN52021. CONCLUSION: This result indicates that BN52021, PAF antagonist, specifically inhibits expression of certain genes, which may be related to its protective effect on ischemic brain injury.
Brain Injuries ; Brain Ischemia* ; Brain* ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Dentate Gyrus ; Gene Expression* ; In Situ Hybridization ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; Interleukin-1 ; Ischemia ; Prosencephalon ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion ; Stroke ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha