Because of the long acquisition time and spin-echo planar imaging sequence, diffusion weight magnetic resonance image (DWI) should be denoised effectively to ensure the follow-up applications. The commonly used denoising methods which induced from gray level image lack the use of the specific information from multiple magnitude directions. This paper, therefore, proposes a modified linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) denosing method used for DWI. The proposed method uses the local information to estimate the parameter of the Rician noise and modifies the LMMSE using the information of multiple magnitude directions synthetically. The simulation and experiment of the synthetic DWI and real human brain DWI dataset demonstrate that the proposed method can more effectively remove the Rician noise compared to the commonly used denoising method and improve the robustness and validity of the diffusion tensor magnetic resonance image (DTI).
Algorithms ; Brain ; anatomy & histology ; Computer Simulation ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; Humans ; Image Enhancement ; methods ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Reproducibility of Results

Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; Societies, Medical ; United States

OBJECTIVE To improve the professional ability of nosocomial infection managers.METHODS By analyzing the status quo and questions among nosocomial infection managers,we explored the essentiality of professionalism construction of the team of nosocomial infection managers and brought forward a way for it.RESULTS It is necessary to set up a professional education and culture system,improve the related guarantee system and keep the team of nosocomial infection managers in stabilization for strengthening the professionalism construction of the team.CONCLUSIONS It is the objective requirement to promote the construction and development of nosocomial infection discipline that impels professionalism construction of the team of nosocomial infection managers.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the function of department of nosocomial infection management in practice.METHODS It was analyzed the situation that the functional management of department of nosocomial infection in China could not be fully used at present.As far as the main content of nosocomial infection control was concerned,it brought forward the idea of performing the functional management of department of nosocomial infection in practice.RESULTS According to establishing the function of department of nosocomial infection management,strengthening the professional ability,and improving the service,both the effect and quality of nosocomial infection management could be enhanced.CONCLUSIONS The same as medical treatment,scientific research,nursing and logistic management,nosocomial infection management should stick to the legal management,and then its function can be effectively used.

Objective: To discuss the method for establishing the relationship between chromatographic fingerprints and its usage in process control. Methods: The relationship between chromatographic fingerprints of a fermentation product Ganoderma capense and its finished preparation had been developed according to guidance on fingerprint of Chinese traditional medicinal medica. As for peaks whose acceptance criteria of relative area should be set, their relative areas in chromatographic fingerprints of raw material and its finished product, the ratios of relative areas of peaks from raw material to those from finished product and their relative standard differences were calculated. Results: The relative standard differences of the rations of all peaks whose acceptance criteria areas should be set, were less than 8%. Conclusion: The results show that the rations and RSDs are enough to represent the quantitave relationship between chromatographic fingerprints, and the acceptance criteria of RSD should be less than 10% (n≥10). The quality of finished product can only be assured if the acceptance criteria of relative areas of peaks in chromatographic fingerprint of raw material are tighter than those set according to guidance, and the manufacture process keeps consistency.

Objective To discuss the clinical features diagnosis and treatment of cerebral schistosomiasis. Methods A to?tal of 166 patients with cerebral schistosomiasis were treated and their clinical data were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results In 166 cases of cerebral schistosomiasis the confirmative diagnoses of 156 cases were diagnosed according to the clin?ical manifestation etiology immunology and auxiliary examination CT MRI .In among 74 cases were confirmed by pathologi?cal examination 10 cases were diagnosed through to the diagnostic treatment. Totally 102 patients received the oral medication of praziquantel and they all improved and discharged 14?16 days later 64 patients received the craniotomy and praziquantel medication after the operation and 48 patients significantly improved others did not improve or aggravated. There was no opera?tive mortality. Conclusions Neuroimaging and laboratory tests are valuable in the diagnosis of cerebral schistosomiasis. The praziquantel treatment is selected firstly when the diagnosis was established. However in the case of serious intracranial hyper?tension intractable epilepsy and praziquantel treatment fails the surgical treatment is required.

Objective To investigate the cytotoxicity and mechanism of killing tumor of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells in vitro.Methods Mononuclear cells were acquired freshly from bone marrow of children with leukemia,and the cells obstained were induced into dendritic cells by adding granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating,IL-4,TNF-? and other cytokines.Lymphocytes cells were isolated freshly from peripheral blood of children with leukemia by Ficoll-Hypaque density centrifugation,and the cells obstained were induced by IFN-?,IL-2 and CD3McAb.The DC cells and CIK cells were co-cultured for 10-25 days,then DC-CIK cells were obtained.Phenotypes of DC-CIK were analyzed by flow cytomery.The cytotoxicity of DC-CIK against a variety of leukemic cell lines was investigated by MTT technique.When treated with mouse-anti-human LFA-1 monoclonal antibody,the expression of GATA-3 and T -bet in the levels of mRNA and protein were mea-sured by using RT-PCR and Western Blot technique,respectively.Results In the first 0-6 days,DC-CIK induced slowly,the proliferation of DC-CIK got 100-fold at the 13th day,cells were rapidly proliferating in the first 13-21 days.The maximum proliferation of DC-CIK reached at the 22nd day.The phenotypes of CD3,CD11a,CD54,HLA-DR were expressed highly; CD3/CD56,CD25,CD28,CD69,FasL were expressed moderately on DC-CIK.The expression of CD16 was not increased.DC-CIK possessed the cytotoxicity against tumor cells of B95,Jhhan and M07e.The effect was stronger to B95,there was no significant difference when the efficiency target ratio was 12.5:1.0 or 25:1,the cytotoxicity reached about 50% and 60%,respectively,against tumor cells of B95.However,it was not obvious to Jhhan and M07e.When the efficiency target ratio was 12.5:1.0 or 25:1,the cytotoxicity reached to 27.21%,25.13%,33.05%,29.72%,respectively,against tumor cells of Jhhan and M07e.When treated with mouse-anti-human LFA-1 monoclonal antibody,the expression of GATA-3 in the level of mRNA was up-regulated(t=3.425,4.523 Pa

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of transfection of Sonic hedgehog gene (SHH)into bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMMSC).Methods After the SHH gene was transfected into BMMSC by electroporation apparatus,the transfection rate was evaluated by fluorescence inverted microscope.The growth curves of untransfected and transfected BMMSC were drawn,respectively,to observe the influence of transfection on cells.The expression of SHH gene in the BMMSC was detected by PCR,RT-PCR,Western-blot analyses.Results Through fluorescence inverted microscope,the observed transfection rate was appropriately 30％,PCR showed a obvious increase of SHH expression in transfected cells than that in untransfected cells,and it is quantified by qPCR for appropriately 7 times.Western-blot further demonstrated that the SHH protein expression in transfected cells had a distinct increase.However,it was observed that the exponential phase of BMMSCSHH growth curve delayed.The growth curves of both overlap 12 days after transfection.Conclusions This electroporation method can transfect exogenous SHH gene into BMMSC sufficiently with the effective protein expression in BMMSCSHH.It is the foundation of further research of genetic therapy for ischemic heart disease.

Carthamus tinctorius L. is a traditional Chinese medicine with the effect of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. HSYA (hydroxysafflor yellow A) is the main effective component of Carthamus tinctorius L. In order to study the inhibitory effects of HSYA against PMN (polymorphonuclear) activation induced by LPS (lipopolysaccharide), rabbit PMN adhesion potency which was activated by LPS through colorimetry method was observed. Cellular free calcium concentration was determined by fluorescence spectrophotometry. RT-PCR was applied to study the effect of HSYA on PMN TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNA expression; The inhibition of HSYA on NF-kappaB activation was monitored with immunofluorescence. The results showed that after treated with HSYA, the increase of adhesion potency (HSYA dose 1.01 x 10(-4) mol x L(-1)), free calcium concentration (HSYA dose 3.1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1)), TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNA expression elevation (HSYA dose 5.2 x 10(-1) mol x L(-1)) induced by LPS were inhibited. HSYA can inhibit NF-kappaB p65 subgroup nuclear translocation (HSYA dose 5.2 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1)). It is suggested that HSYA is effective in PMN activation induced by LPS.

Objective To explore the change of serum osteopontin levels in preoperative and postoperative patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its clinic significance.Methods The levels of serum osteopontin were detected by ELISA.Results In 88 NSCLC patients,serum osteopontin levels were significantly higher than in benign pulmonary disease and healthy control group(P＜0.05.P＜0.01.respectively) There was no difference between benign pulmonary disease and healthy control group(P＞0.05).Serum osteopontin levels were related to clinical stage and lymph node metastasis,and the levels of serum osteopontin were lower in postoperative patients than in preoperative cases(P＜0.05).For NSCLC.the detection of osteopontin had a sensitivity of 84.1%,a specificity of 92.5%,and an accuracy of 88.1%. Conclusion Increased serum levels of osteopontin may be useful as a helpful clinical biomarker to diagnose earlier,predict prognosis and differentiate from benign pulmonary disease.