No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Collagen* ; Liver Cirrhosis* ; Liver*

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of taping therapy on the balance and gait of stroke patients. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 30 stroke patients. The treatment groups were prescribed a combination of taping, therapy applied simultaneously to the ankle and the hip joint, and general physical therapy twice a day for 30 minutes each, five days per week for 4 weeks for a total of 40 times. The control group was treated with general physical therapy for 30 minutes, 5 times per week for 4 weeks, and total 40 times. All subjects were followed up on a Berg balance scale, timed up and go test, activity-specific balance confidence scale, and GaitRite. RESULTS: The group that simultaneously received taping therapy to the ankle and hip joint showed more significant effects than the group treated with ankle joint taping only (p<0.05). Effects were noted in the Berg balance scale, timed up and go test, activity-specific balance confidence scale and gait ability test. Compared to the control group, the group treated at the ankle and hip joint showed significant effects after the experiment in the Berg balance scale, timed up and go test, activity-specific balance confidence scale, and gait ability test (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Taping therapy applied to both the ankle and hip joints, and combined with general physical therapy appears to be effective in patients with chronic stroke who have an impaired balance and gait ability.
Ankle Joint ; Ankle ; Gait ; Hip Joint ; Hip ; Humans ; Stroke

No abstract available.
Amniotic Band Syndrome* ; Infant, Newborn

The purpose of this study was to assess several indices of diet quality based on nutrient, food and food group intake of Korean adolescents based on several indices on diet quality according to residence area and body size. Using the data from the 1998 National Health and Nutrition Survey, twenty-four-hour-dietary recalls of a total of 1,110 Korean adolescents aged 13-19 years (male 543, female 567) were analyzed for nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), index of nutritional quality (INQ), the number of foods (Dietary Variety Score, DVS) and food group consumed (Dietary Diversity Score, DDS). In doing that, it was attempted to apply only the minimum amount of solid foods of Kant's without inclusion of liquid foods because of the very limited variety in Korean foods. Based on weight length index, 13.1% of the subjects were categorized as obese, 14.2%, overweight, 44.4%, normal and 28.3%, underweight. Only vitamin B2 intake was higher in the obese group than in the underweight group. There was no meaningful difference in energy, protein and fat intakes according to the grade of the body size. In terms of residence area, intake of fat, niacin, vitamin B6 and folic acid were lower in the rural areas than in the metropolitan city. Only vitamin E intake was higher in the rural areas. Mean value of NARs (MAR) and INQs (mINQ) was also higher in the metropolitan city than in the rural areas, but there was no significant difference of these two values according to body size of the subjects. Mean DVS was 21.02 for total subjects, and has no difference between male and female and between metropolitan city and other medium-small city. But, the rural areas showed the lowest DVS of 19.05. Mean DDS in which five is a maximum score was 3.3 with no significant difference by sex and by residence area in male subjects. However, in female subjects, DDS in the rural areas was the lowest. According to body size of the subjects, there was no meaningful difference in both scores of DVS and DDS. In conclusion, most indices of nutrient intake and food and food group intake were not significantly different by body size of the subjects, while most indices were significantly different by residence areas: higher in the metropolitan city than in the rural area.
Adolescent* ; Body Size* ; Diet* ; Female ; Folic Acid ; Humans ; Male ; Niacin ; Nutrition Surveys ; Nutritive Value ; Overweight ; Riboflavin ; Thinness ; Vitamin B 6 ; Vitamin E ; Vitamins

The immune response to any stimulus is complex, requiring coordinated action by several types of cells in a tightly regulated sequence. Thus, a physical stress such as exercise may act at any number of points in the complex sequence of events collectively termed the immune response. Although exercise causes many propound changes in parameters of immune function, the nature and magnitude of such changes rely on several factors including the immune parameters of interest; type, intensity, and duration of exercise; fitness level or exercise history of the subject; environmental factors such as ambient temperature and humidity. Although regular moderate exercise appears to be important factor for increasing immunity, Athletes are susceptible to illness, in particular upper respiratory track infection, during periods of intense training and after competition. In addition, in elite athletes, frequent illness is associated with overtraining syndrome, a neuroendocrine disorder resulting from excessive training. Through this paper, we want to investigate the effects of exercise on the immunosuppression such as exercise induced lymphopenia, asthma, anaphylaxis, URT (upper respiratory track), and TB (tuberculosis) infection. and also, we want to suggest a direct mechanism, protection and therapy of exercise induced immunosuppression.
Anaphylaxis ; Asthma ; Athletes ; Humans ; Humidity ; Immunosuppression ; Lymphopenia

The purpose of this study was to determine composition of food groups appropriate for the evaluation of the quality of total diet or food guide, using the data from the 1998 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Twenty-fourhour-dietary recalls of total 1,110 Korean adolescents aged 13 - 19 years (male 543, female 567) were analyzed for food group consumed (Dietary Diversity Score, DDS), intake patterns of food group, mean index of nutritional quality (mINQ) and nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR). Considering Korean food pattern different from the Americans, this study is to check if Korean 5 food groups with both of oil & sugar group and vegetable &fruit group, and a minimum amount of 30 g in grain group and 15 g in meat group modified from Kant's minimum amount, 15 g in grain and 30 g in meat, could also be appropriate for the diet evaluation of Korean adolescents. Combination of food group and minimum food intake per each food group used in the first trial were categorized into 6 kinds of types: 1) American 5 food groups with Kant's minimum amount as control or 2) American 5 food groups with modified Kant's minimum amount 3) Korean 5 food groups excluded by sugar with the modified amount 4) Korean 5 food groups with modified amount 5) American food groups added oil group with the modified amount 6) American food groups added oil & sugar group with the modified amount. In case of oil group or oil and sugar group, 5 g was quoted for the minimum amount. Correlation between DDS and indices of other diet quality in each type of food group composition were analyzed and the best food group composition was traced by comparing the correlation coefficients of DDS and mINQ or MARs at alpha < 0.01. There was no meaningful difference in weight length index of the subjects of eating or not-eating oil or oil & sugar, while the values of mINQ showed higher in the subjects eating oil but no difference in the subjects eating oil & sugar, compared to the group not-eating, respectively. In comparison of type 1 and type 2, correlation between DDS and indices of other diet quality showed higher in type 1 using Kant's amount. And comparing the type of a combined group of fruit & vegetable (type 3 and 4) and the type of separated group of fruit and vegetable (type 5 and 6). six groups of separated vegetable and fruit showed the higher correlation of DDSs and indices of diet quality. In case of being classified into six groups with oil, DDS showed correlation of r = 0.293 with INQ. While, being classified into six groups with oil & sugar instead of oil only, DDS showed correlation of r = 0.249 with INQ. Accordingly the type 5 with oil is regarded as the better food group type than the type 6 with oil & sugar. Since better result was shown in the composition of six groups with Kant's minimum amount, the comparative analysis on both of type 1 with oil and oil & sugar was finally performed. Then oil added type 1 showed higher correlation of DDS and indices of diet quality. These result indicated that it would be more appropriate to use six food groups with separate vegetable and fruit including oil group (oil-added type 1) rather than oil &sugar group for evaluat ion of dietary quality of Korean adolescents using DDS.
Adolescent* ; Diet* ; Eating ; Edible Grain ; Female ; Fruit ; Humans ; Mars ; Meat ; Nutrition Surveys ; Nutritive Value ; Vegetables

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of HPV-16 E6 expression on the transcription of cellular genes, we used cDNA microarray in HPV-16 E6 transfected stable cancer cell lines. METHODS: Using cDNA microarray consisting of 1,024 genes, we have performed a systematic characterization of gene expression in A549E6 human lung adenocarcinoma and RC10.1 human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines stably expressing HPV-16 E6 gene. The up-regulated and down-regulated genes were classified into the different functional categories; oncogenes, apoptosis, cell cycle, signal transduction, gene regulation, immune response, cell adhesion, protein transport, metabolism, redox control and angiogenesis. RESULTS: Among 1,024 known genes and ESTs (expressed sequence tags) tested, we found 27 up- regulated and 43 down-regulated genes in A549E6 (HPV-16 E6) compared to A549. The major up-regulated genes were as follows. GTPase-activating protein Rho 4, transcription factor D2, IKAROS, integrin-alpha 6, cadherin 11, ephrin-beta 2, RAN binding protein 2, branched-chain amino transferase 2. The major down-regulated genes were as follows. K-ras 2, CDC (cell division cycle) 37, CDC16, CDC7L1, IRF3, interferon-gamma-inducible protein 30, cadherin 6, desmoglein 1, desmocollin 2, endothelin 2. Also, we found 48 up-regulated and 34 down-regulated genes in RC10.1 (HPV-16 E6) compared to RKO. The major up-regulated genes were as follows. Colon cancer familial nonpolyposis type 1 (COCA 1), Bcl 2, jagged 1, MAP2K6, E2F1, ephrin receptor-beta 2, ephrin-beta 2, desmoglein 1, transforming growth factor-beta 3. The major down-regulated genes were as follows. KIT, Rad51C, Bcl 2 antagonist killer 1, STAT 4, epidermal growth factor receptor, high mobility group protein 2, cadherin 11, cadherin 12, cadherin 3, integrin-alpha 1, intergrin-alpha 8, chromosome segregation 1-like. CONCLUSION: Various expression patterns of cellular genes by HPV-16 E6 could be wholy grasped and classified into different functional groups using both cell line system stably expressed HPV-16 E6 and cDNA microarray analysis. These analysis methods must be helpful to understand multiple effects of a specific gene on cellular genes in a short period.
Adenocarcinoma ; Apoptosis ; Cadherins ; Carrier Proteins ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Chromosome Segregation ; Colon ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Desmoglein 1 ; DNA, Complementary* ; Endothelin-2 ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Gene Expression* ; GTPase-Activating Proteins ; Hand Strength ; Human papillomavirus 16* ; Humans ; Lung ; Metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis* ; Oncogenes ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Protein Transport ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors ; Transferases

PURPOSE: To report the clinical features of Adie's tonic pupil. METHODS: The medical records of 22 patients who had been diagnosed with Adie's tonic pupil from February 1998 to February 2009, were retrospectively reviewed. On March 2010, a cross-sectional examination was performed in 16 patients (19 eyes) who underwent a follow-up of more than 1 year. Measurements included pupil size in room light, bright light and in darkness; near point of accommodation; presence of segmental iris palsy; light-near dissociation; denervation supersensitivity; corneal sensitivity; and deep tendon reflex (DTR). RESULTS: Among the patients studied, 16 were women in Adie's tonic pupils. Only 3 of patients had bilateral involvement. The mean age of onset was 38.3 years. The mean size of Adie's tonic pupils was 2.3 mm larger than the fellow eyes. Segmental iris palsy was detected in 93.8% of the patients. Denervation supersensitivity was observed in all patients. Light-near dissociation was present in 88.2% and over 90% of the patients had decreased DTR in the biceps, triceps, knee and ankle jerk. CONCLUSIONS: This cross-sectional study showed Adie's tonic pupil tended to become miotic and recover accommodation power over the years.
Age of Onset ; Animals ; Ankle ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Denervation ; Dissociative Disorders ; Eye ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Iris ; Knee ; Light ; Medical Records ; Paralysis ; Pupil ; Reflex, Stretch ; Retrospective Studies ; Tonic Pupil

Recent researches on ALS pathogenesis are focusing on abnormal immunological factors, excitotoxic substances, neurotrophic factors, and oxidative stress. It is well known that glutamate and aspartate are major putative excitatory neurotransmitters and possess excitotoxic properties that lead to neuronal death. In this study the authors checked the plasma level of amino acids in ALS and control groups and tried to understand any association between excitotoxic amino acids and sporadic ALS. The concentration of amino acids was measured by the HPLC method in the fasting plasma of fifteen ALS and nine control subjects. When we evaluated 19 amino acids or their metabolites, none showed significant difference between ALS and control groups. The mean concentrations of glutamic acid in ALS and control groups were 42.3+26.7 mmol/L and 57.4+17.0 mmol/L respectively, which showed no significant difference (p>O. 05). It was not possible to compare the level of aspartic acid in ALS and control groups as the levels were very low in individuals of both groups. In conclusion, authors could not note any significant correlations between sporadic ALS and excitotoxic substances, such as glutamate and aspartate. However, further studies m the excitotoxic levels in cerebrospinal fluid, spinal cord and brain, could be helpful to understand the overexcitation character of motor neuron by excitatory amino acids.
Amino Acids* ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis* ; Aspartic Acid ; Brain ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Excitatory Amino Acids ; Fasting ; Glutamic Acid ; Immunologic Factors ; Motor Neurons ; Nerve Growth Factors ; Neurons ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Oxidative Stress ; Plasma ; Spinal Cord

No abstract available.
Colonic Neoplasms* ; Humans ; Hydromorphone* ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1*