Purpose: To compare the accuracy of standard and total keratometry data obtained using the Barrett Universal II and Barrett Toric Calculator. Methods: In total, 111 eyes of 111 patients who visited our hospital for cataract surgery from February 2019 to September 2019 were included in this study. Total keratometry and standard keratometry data were obtained using the Barrett Universal II and the Barrett Toric Calculator; mean absolute errors were derived by using preoperative IOL Master 700® (Carl Zeiss Meditech AG, Jena, Germany) data and 2-month postoperative manifest refraction data. The mean absolute errors of the two methods were compared in terms of a posterior corneal astigmatism greater than 0.3 diopter (D) in patients fitted with Toric intraocular lenses. Results: Using the Barrett Universal II formula, the mean absolute error spherical equivalent difference between total keratometry and standard keratometry was 0.021 ± 0.102 D (p = 0.65) when the Barrett Toric Calculator was used. The mean absolute error differences between the two methods were 0.015 ± 0.121 D for the spherical equivalent (p = 0.80) and 0.005 ± 0.870 D for the cylinder measurement (p = 0.94). In terms of a posterior corneal astigmatism greater than 0.3 D, the mean absolute error spherical equivalent and cylinder measurement differences were -0.020 ± 0.107 D (p = 0.70) and -0.023 ± 0.055 D (p = 0.50) in patients fitted with Toric intraocular lenses. Conclusions The total keratometry method, which directly measures posterior corneal curvature, yields data comparable to those of the standard keratometry method. When the posterior corneal astigmatism was greater than 0.3 D, we found no significant difference between the total keratometry and standard keratometry data of patients fitted with Toric intraocular lenses.

Purpose: To calculate the intraocular lens (IOL) power using the Shammas-PL formula after laser in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Methods: Forty-one eyes of 29 patients that had undergone cataract surgery from September 2018 to September 2019 after LASIK were enrolled in this study. A preoperative AL-Scan® (Nidek Co., Gamagori, Japan) was used to measure the axial length, anterior chamber depth, and corneal curvature. An IOL power calculation was performed using the Shammas-PL (post LASIK) formula. Mean absolute error (MAE) and mean arithmetic error (MARE) were calculated using preoperative manifest refraction and postoperative manifest refraction. Results: Of the 41 eyes, 15 eyes (36.6%) were relatively hyperopic-shifted after surgery compared to the predicted refractive error before surgery, 25 eyes (61%) showed a relative myopic shift, and one eye (2.4%) showed no change with respect to the previous refractive predicted error. Refractive errors before cataract surgery were not related to myopic, emmetropic, or hyperopic shifting after surgery (p > 0.05). Conclusions When cataract surgery using the Shammas-PL formula was performed after LASIK, myopic shifting was more common than hyperopic shifting. The MAE was greater in myopic-shifted cases than that of hyperopic-shifted cases. Thus, it is better to determine IOL power toward the hyperopic side than the target refractive prediction.

Purpose: To compare the accuracy of standard and total keratometry data obtained using the Barrett Universal II and Barrett Toric Calculator. Methods: In total, 111 eyes of 111 patients who visited our hospital for cataract surgery from February 2019 to September 2019 were included in this study. Total keratometry and standard keratometry data were obtained using the Barrett Universal II and the Barrett Toric Calculator; mean absolute errors were derived by using preoperative IOL Master 700® (Carl Zeiss Meditech AG, Jena, Germany) data and 2-month postoperative manifest refraction data. The mean absolute errors of the two methods were compared in terms of a posterior corneal astigmatism greater than 0.3 diopter (D) in patients fitted with Toric intraocular lenses. Results: Using the Barrett Universal II formula, the mean absolute error spherical equivalent difference between total keratometry and standard keratometry was 0.021 ± 0.102 D (p = 0.65) when the Barrett Toric Calculator was used. The mean absolute error differences between the two methods were 0.015 ± 0.121 D for the spherical equivalent (p = 0.80) and 0.005 ± 0.870 D for the cylinder measurement (p = 0.94). In terms of a posterior corneal astigmatism greater than 0.3 D, the mean absolute error spherical equivalent and cylinder measurement differences were -0.020 ± 0.107 D (p = 0.70) and -0.023 ± 0.055 D (p = 0.50) in patients fitted with Toric intraocular lenses. Conclusions The total keratometry method, which directly measures posterior corneal curvature, yields data comparable to those of the standard keratometry method. When the posterior corneal astigmatism was greater than 0.3 D, we found no significant difference between the total keratometry and standard keratometry data of patients fitted with Toric intraocular lenses.

PURPOSE: To evaluate near, intermediate, and distant vision, optical quality, and patient satisfaction with Acri.LISA aspheric diffractive multifocal IOL. METHODS: Forty eyes of 20 patients received phacoemulsification and implantation of Acri.LISA IOL. Visual acuity was measured postoperatively at 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months. Contrast sensitivity, wavefront aberration, and visual function via questionnaire were measured at postoperative 1 month. RESULTS: Uncorrected near, intermediate, and distanct visual acuity at 1 month were 0.09 +/- 0.14, 0.29 +/- 0.17 and 0.11 +/- 0.12, respectively. At 6 months, similar visual acuity results were measured. Total and higher-order wavefront aberration values were 0.66 +/- 0.29 and 0.24 +/- 0.08, respectively. Photopic contrast sensitivity at 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles/degree were 1.38 +/- 0.32, 1.73 +/- 0.24, 1.75 +/- 0.21, 1.33 +/- 0.18, and 0.77 +/- 23, respectively, and mesopic contrast sensitivity values were 1.37 +/- 0.27, 1.72 +/- 0.16, 1.63 +/- 0.14, 1.01 +/- 0.19, and 0.50 +/- 0.22. Total subjective visual function score was 3,127 +/- 354, near work was 244 +/- 36, distance work was 256 +/- 21, and night driving was 221 +/- 42. CONCLUSIONS: The Acri.LISA 366D multifocal IOL can be effective for improving patient satisfaction after cataract surgery as well as for presbyopia correction.
Cataract ; Contrast Sensitivity ; Eye ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Patient Satisfaction ; Phacoemulsification ; Presbyopia ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Acuity

A statistical survey was made on 729 inpatients during the period of 4 years and 9 months, 1961-1965, in the Department of Urology, The First Army Hospital, in reference to age distribution, monthly distribution on various diseases of the genitourinary tracts and operative procedures.The tables in the text represent the result of the observation and are summarized as follows: The majority of the patients (85%) was distributed between the ages 21 and 26. Of 729 in patients, there were 270 cases (37%) of genito-urinary tuberculosis, 84 cases (11.5%) of urinary calculus,69 cases of trauma and 60 cases of non-specific urinary tract infection. There were 379 operative procedures including 91 nephrectomies, and 108 epididiymectomies.
Age Distribution ; Hospitals, Military ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Nephrectomy ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Tuberculosis ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Urology

A pacemaker-induced venous obstruction is relatively common, but is rare in cases where chronic venous occlusion has developed and progressed after the removal of permanent pacemaker leads. We report a case of permanent pacemaker implantation following percutaneous balloon venoplasty in a patient with innominate vein stenosis. The patient had a history of permanent pacemaker implantation, using a right subclavian approach, with lead extraction due to infective endocarditis 6 years earlier. Although the epicardial leads were re-implanted, once more the ventricular lead broke. When we tried to implant a new pacemaker, using a left subclavian endovascular approach, extensive venous stenoses of the innominate, right internal jugular and subclavian veins were found. As it was impossible to advance the standard pacemaker lead; therefore, percutaneous balloon venoplasty of the innominate vein was performed, and a DDD-R pacemaker successfully implanted.
Angioplasty, Balloon ; Brachiocephalic Veins* ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Endocarditis ; Humans ; Pacemaker, Artificial ; Subclavian Vein ; Venous Thrombosis

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the role of ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) during sustained ventricular fibrillation (VF), the effects of gliburide, a specific blocker of KATP channel and PCO400, an KATP opener, were studied in isolated and perfused swine right ventricular free walls (n=). METHODS: Recording of single cell transmembrane potentials was performed and constructed action potential duration restitution (APDR) curve by plotting APD 90%(APD90) versus preceding diastolic interval (DI). RESULTS: All isolated tissues fibrillated spontaneously. In this preparation, stable VF could persist over a 4-hour period if it was allowed to continue undisturbed (n=). Gliburide (1-5 uM) increased DI without significant changes in APD90 during VF, resulting in more regularization of VF. Higher concentration (10-20 uM) increased both APD90 and DI, and converted to monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (MVT) through the transitional period characterized by APD alternans. PCO400 (1-2.5 uM) caused a significant shortening of APD during MVT and a period of APD alternans became more evident before conversion from MVT to VF. Gliburide eliminated profibrillatory effect of PCO400. This antifibrillatory action of gliburide was accompanied by gradual decrease in the maximum slope of APDR curve during VF. CONCLUSION: KATP channel blockade causes a transition from VF to MVT via lengthening of DI and APD alternans, concomitantly with a reduction of the slope of APD restitution curve.
Action Potentials ; Membrane Potentials ; Potassium Channels ; Swine ; Tachycardia, Ventricular ; Ventricular Fibrillation*

Amebiasis is an infectious disease caused by Entameba histolytica. Amebiasis remains an extremely important consideration in the differential diagnosis of diarrhea, especially when there is associated bleeding. It is imperative that appropriate studies to establish or exclude the diagnosis of amebiasis be carried out in all patients who present with a clinical and sigmoidoscopic picture of colitis, and that patients treated with metronidazole for amebiasis have adequate clinical and parasitological follow-up. We have experienced one case of intestinal amebiasis with protein losing enteropathy in 30month-old boy whose chief complaint was mild fever, vomiting and blood tinged diarrhea. His laboratory findings were compatible with protein losing enteropathy. The diagnosis of amebiasis is confirmed by observation of trophozoite of E. histolytica in the stools. A brief review with related literatures is also presented.
Amebiasis ; Colitis ; Communicable Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diarrhea ; Dysentery, Amebic* ; Fever ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Metronidazole ; Protein-Losing Enteropathies* ; Tolnaftate ; Trophozoites ; Vomiting

It has been known that right side bypass tract ablation is more difficult and has higher recurrence rate than that of left side bypass tract, and often associated with atrioventricular block in patients with septal bypass tract. Multielectrode basket catheter (MBC) allows simultaneous rapid acquisition of numerous electrical signals generated by a selected surface area or volume of myocardium. We experienced two cases of successful catheter ablation of atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia by right septal bypass tract which were mapped by MBC with greater ease.
Atrioventricular Block ; Catheter Ablation* ; Catheters* ; Humans ; Myocardium ; Recurrence ; Tachycardia*

PURPOSE: Dexamethasone intramuscular injection and oral prednisolone have been known to be effective in the treatment of croup. The aim of this study was to determine whether nebulized budesonide leads to clinically important improvement in respiratory symptoms within four hours for child with mild to moderate croup. METHODS: Patients with croup visited to the department of Pediatrics, Han Il General Hospital from March 1995 to June 1996 were enrolled in this study. Patients were eligible if their age was between six months and six years, their total croup score was higher than 2 after breathing humidified air for at least 15 minutes. 28 patients were treated with 2mg (8ml) of nebulized budesonide and 8 patients with 8ml of normal saline as control group over the 30 minutes. Croup score, heart rate and respiratory rate were then assessed hourly for up to four hours. Side effects were also observed. RESULTS: 1) The croup score was improved from 3.6+/-0.8 to 1.9+/-0.9 at 4 hours after the nebulized budesonide treatment. 2) No significant differences in changes in heart rate were observed until 4 hours after both the nebulized budesonide group and control group. 3) Significant decrease in respiratory rate was observed at 4 hours after the nebulized budesonide group. 4) No specific side effects were noted during and 4 hours after the nebulized budesonide treatment. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that nebulized budesonide leads to a prompt and important clinical improvement in children with mild to moderate croup without any specific side effects.
Budesonide* ; Child ; Croup* ; Dexamethasone ; Heart Rate ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Pediatrics ; Prednisolone ; Respiration ; Respiratory Rate