BACKGROUND: We studied the antibiotic sensitivities to the causative microorganisms of acute simple urinary tract infection for recent 3 years. METHODS: We analyzed 112 microorganisms and their antibiotic sensitivities of the 104 patients who were admitted to or visited the Department of Urology, Catholic University St. Marys Hospital and had more than 10cfu/mL on urine culture from June 1996 to January 1999 retrospectively. RESULTS: The chance of gram negative and positive as causative microorganisms was 72.3% and 27.7% respectively. The most common pathogenic microorganisms were Escherichia coli (67.0%) followed by a-hemolytic streptococci, Entercoccus. In gram negative acute UTI, imipenem, sulperanzone showed relatively higher sensitivity, while cotrimoxazole, ampicillin showed relatively lower sensitivity. In gram positive, vancomycin, penicillin showed relatively higher sensitivity, while ampicillin, imipenem showed relatively lower sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: We consider that gram negative microorganisms, especially E. coli, is the main cause of acute simple UTI. But, we should be concerned about the increase of gram positive organisms and other gram negative organisms besides E. coli. Regarding to the choice of adequate drug in the treatment of UTI, it is necessary to consider the change of pathologic microorganisms.
Ampicillin ; Escherichia coli ; Humans ; Imipenem ; Penicillins ; Retrospective Studies ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract* ; Urology ; Vancomycin

No abstract available.
Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is a nationwide health survey in Korea. This survey is composed of three parts: the Health Interview Survey, the Health Examination Survey, and the Nutrition Survey. The aim of this study was to refine the nutrition survey system in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Based on the literature review, we summarized international survey systems and the limitations of the current system in Korea and proposed an improved system. We suggested the following: 1) A government agency which will be exclusively responsible for KNHANES overall is needed. 2) The current short-term nutrition survey should be a year-round survey. 3) The objectives of this survey should be written with more clarity and detail. 4) Biochemical measures in relation to nutritional status should be added. 5) The budget to set up various databases in the nutrition survey should be increased. 6) Various other issues should be addressed, including the definition of raw data (i.e., whether nutrient intake data per day is raw data), ethical issues in survey techniques, and strategies to produce evidence for the public using this survey data. Not all suggestions could be adopted in the short-term, but should be integrated into long-term goals for survey system improvement.
Budgets ; Ethics ; Government Agencies ; Health Surveys ; Korea ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Nutritional Status

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

Renal leiomyoma is an uncommon neoplasm. The first case of solitary leiomyoma of the kidney was reported by Schluter in 1890. The preoperative diagnosis of renal leimyoma is very difficult, and the only definite method to distinguish between a leiomyoma and other renal tumor is microscopic evaluation. Herein, a case of leiomyoma of the kidney is reported in a 35 years old woman, with a brief review of literature.
Adult ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney* ; Leiomyoma*

Staphylococcus aureus induces chronic infection in form of biofilm that exists in the host cells and arthroplastic prosthesis surface. In this study, the biofilm formation ability of S. aureus clinically isolated from bacteremia patients, biofilm processing and relationship of resistance to antibiotics, and difference of biofilm formation ability on different prosthetic material surfaces were studied. All of them formed biofilm and especially 6 strains of S. aureus had high ability of biofilm formation. In addition, it was found that some strains with higher biofilm formation ability make more higher polysaccharide layer production. When S. aureus ATCC 25923 forms biofilm, minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of biofilm bacteria is more increased than that of the planktonic state bacteria about one thousand folds. Especially, after 6 hours from starting on biofilm formation, the resistance to antibiotics was increased by more than 256 microgram/ml of MBC to every antibiotics and after 8 hours prominent increase (more than 4096 microgram/ml) was noted. Biofilm formation after bacterial adherence to plastic cover-slip was increased with time-dependent manner. Microcolonies were formed after 5 hours from a point that bacteria adhere to plastic cover-slip surface and after 6 hours biofilm was diffusely formed on entire surface, and then after 8 hours very thick biofilm was formed. Thicker biofilm was found on cobalt-chromium than titanium surface. These results suggest that titanium alloy materials are better than cobalt-chromium to minimize S. aureus biofilm formation on the arthroplastic material surface. Also, when microcolonies are formed after adherence of S. aureus to the arthroplastic material surface, resistance to antibiotics is starting.
Alloys ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteremia ; Bacteria ; Biofilms ; Humans ; Plankton ; Plastics ; Prostheses and Implants ; Staphylococcus ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Titanium

PURPOSE: A partial bladder outlet obstruction(PBOO) related detrusor hypertrophy is associated with up-regulation of the Rho kinase activity in an experimental animal model, and has been implicated in PBOO induced bladder dysfunction. The effect of a Rho kinase inhibitor on the voiding function in anesthetized rats with PBOO was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control(9 rats) and experimental(9 rats) groups. The experimental group was partially obstructed for 6 weeks, with cystometrograms(CMG) then were performed. The number of voids, and the intercontraction interval (ICI) and peak pressure(PP) were recorded. Rho kinase inhibitors were administered to the experimental group. An additional CMG was performed to observe the effects of Rho kinase inhibition. Bladder tissues were immunohistochemically(IHC) evaluated for the expression of RhoA protein. RESULTS: The bladder weights of the PBOO group were significantly increased compared with the control group(p<0.05). Significant increases in the voiding frequency and PP, but a significant decrease in the ICI was observed in the PBOO group compared to the control group on the CMG (p<0.05). The voiding frequency of the PBOO group was significantly decreased after Rho kinase inhibitor treatment(p<0.05). The Rho kinase inhibitor treated group showed a decrease in the PP and an increase in the ICI compared to the PBOO group. The IHC showed a higher RhoA protein expression in the bladder tissues of the PBOO group. CONCLUSIONS: H-1152, a specific inhibitor of Rho kinase, attenuates the PBOO-related detrusor overactivity in a rat model. The Rho kinase inhibitor appears to be a novel strategy for the management of bladder overactivity.
Animals ; Hypertrophy ; Models, Animal ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; rho-Associated Kinases* ; rhoA GTP-Binding Protein ; Up-Regulation ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Weights and Measures

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common pathogen of bacterial meningitis in childhood. It causes such intracranial complications as hydrocephalus, cerebral edema, inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone(SIADH), and convulsion, and also such cerebral vascular complications as vasculitis, thrombosis, aneurysm, infarction, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. We report a male of 4 months old who had intracerebral cortical hemorrhage and sinovenous thrombosis complicated by streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis. Also, we reviewed the literature on intracerebral vascular complications related to bacterial meningitis.
Aneurysm ; Brain Edema ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Infant ; Infarction ; Male ; Meningitis ; Meningitis, Bacterial ; Meningitis, Pneumococcal* ; Seizures ; Streptococcus pneumoniae* ; Streptococcus* ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Thrombosis* ; Vasculitis

PURPOSE: The clinical findings of almost all of the hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) patients are not significant. Early enforcement of bone marrow study for quicker detection of laboratory abnormalities in routine laboratory test, which is perfomed in febrile patients, is critical for early diagnosis of HLH. In this study, we tried to elucidate more significant laboratory test for the early diagnosis of HLH. METHODS: The study group and control group consisted of 13 HLH patients, and 46 febrile patients with causes like fever of unknown origin, kawasaki disease or acute lymphoblastic leukemia, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of various laboratory findings of hyperpyrexic patients on the first day of admission were performed. RESULTS: The total WBC count, platelet count, serum triglyceride, serum transaminase, and serum ferritin revealed statistically significant differences between the study and the control group (P< 0.05). The ROC curve analysis revealed that serum triglyceride was the most efficient test for the differential diagnosis between HLH and febrile patients with other causes. And the serum transaminase, triglyceride and ferritin revealed a statistically significant difference between the study and the leukemia patients group (P< 0.05). The ROC curve analysis revealed that serum transaminase was the most efficient test for differential diagnosis between HLH and acute leukemia. CONCLUSION: In patients with persistent hyperpyrexia, the elevated serum triglyceride level is an important clue for the early diagnosis of HLH. In patient with persistent hyperpyrexia, and abnormal CBC findings, the elevated serum transaminase level is an important clue for the early diagnosis of HLH.
Bone Marrow ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Early Diagnosis ; Ferritins ; Fever of Unknown Origin ; Humans ; Leukemia ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic* ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; Platelet Count ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; ROC Curve* ; Triglycerides