This study was designed for the evaluation of the mean proportions and range of individual difference of muscle fiber types in human Gastrocneminus, Soleus, Peroneus longus and Tibialis anterior muscles, respectively. Flash-frozen muscle sections obtained from 15 cadavers were stained for H&E, trichrome, PAS, regular & reversed myosin ATPase, succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), acid phosphatase (Ac-Pase) and alkaline phosphatase (Alk-Pase). The results obtained were as follows. 1) Differentiation of muscle fiber types was not evident in H&E and trichrome stained specimen. Three types of muscle fibers were, however, evident in PAS-stained sections according to the degree of positivity in observed skeletal muscles. 2) Two fiber types (Types I and II) were only differentiated and the predominant muscle fiber type was type I by regular myosin ATPase reaction in Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Peroneus longus and Tibialis anterior muscles. 3) Three muscle fiber types (Type I, IIa and IIb) were, however, differentiated and the predominant muscle fiber type was type IIa, contrary to patterns of regular myosin ATPase in skeletal muscles except for Soleus muscle by reversed myosin ATPase stains. Only two muscle fiber types (Type I and II) and predominant type I fibers were shown in Soleus muscle. 4) SDH stains showed three types of muscle fiber except Soleus muscle. The mean proportions(%) of type 1 fibers were 48.0% in Gastrocnemius, 62.3% in Soleus, 40.8% in Peroneus longus, and 39.8% in Tibialis anterior muscles, respectively. 5) The mean proportions (%) of muscle fiber types in human skeletal muscles were markedly different, according to individuals and various enzyme histochemical stains. 6) The size of muscle fibers was relatevely small in type I fibers compared with type IIb. 7) Evaluation for the combination patterns of various enzyme histochemical activities showed that the common muscle fiber types (Type I, IIa and IIb) were markedly reduced in the mean proportions and unusual rare muscle fibers predominant. This predominance of unusual muscle fiber types and marked discrepancy in muscle fiber types between regular and reversed myosin ATPase seemed to be ascribed to decreased muscle enzyme activities following postmortem period.
Humans

Tracheal stenosis can be caused by various etiologies, such as infectious disease, trauma from previous prolonged incubation, airway surgery, or external blunt trauma, and neoplasm. Recently, the development of emergency and intensive care units leads to the primary cause of airway stenosis using airway devices. The stenotic lesions can be produced at any level between the vocal cord and the site of the tip of the tube. Laryngotracheal stenosis may be due to prolonged endotrachel intubation, especially with large tube, large tracheostomy stoma, too highly placed oacheostomy, erosion by local infection, the prying action of heavyweight equipment that connects the tracheostomy to the ventilator, excessive cuff pressure, or erosion by the tip of the tube. Prevention of tracheal stenosis is of key importance by understanding and attending to these causes. We experienced three cases of tracheal stenosis occurred after use of airway devices. In first and second cases, We performed end-to-end anastomosis artier resection of stenotic segment of the trachea in a 22-year-ol4 female and a 25-year-old male. They ha6 been treated with prolonged endotracheal incubation and emergency tracheostomy, respectively, for a ventilatory support for the respiratory failure after falling down from a height. The stenotic lesions occurred at the cuff site in the first case and at the stomal level in the second case. In third case, We performed one-stage laryngotracheoplastic procedure for subglottic stenosis in a 23-year-old male. He had been treated with emergence tracheostomy which had been placed too high for a ventilators support for the respiratory failure after traffic accident. The stenotic lesion occurred at the stomal level. The postoperative courses were uneventful.
Accidents, Traffic ; Adult ; Communicable Diseases ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Emergencies ; Female ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Intubation ; Male ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Trachea ; Tracheal Stenosis* ; Tracheostomy ; Ventilators, Mechanical ; Vocal Cords ; Young Adult

No Abstract Available.
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy* ; Retina* ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinaldehyde*

No abstract available.
Aneurysm*

The kinetic of the distal radioulnar joint(DRUJ) is complex. Motion of DRUJ consists of rotation of the around the relatively stationary ulna, poisoning of the ulna along its longitudinal axis, and translational motion, which occurs in the antero-posterior plane. In addition to the motions described, there also exists and abduction-adduction movements, diastatic motion. The CT scan is an ideal tool for evaluation the DRUJ. Since it provides a coronal cross-sectional image of the radius and ulna. The amount of translational motion occurring at the DRUJ has hot been determined. To evaluate the normal boundaries of the motion of the DRUJ, forty DRUJ in twenty normal volunteers(10 meles, 10 females) were evaluated by use of a computed tomography technique. The results were as follows. 1. Average translational motion according to forearm rotation was 3.1mm±1.3. 2. There was no statistic difference between both sex(p>0.05). 3. There was no statistic difference between dominant and nondominant hand(p>0.05). The contralateral criterion is useful in determing wrist problem.
Forearm ; Poisoning ; Radius ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ulna ; Wrist

No abstract available.
Fistula ; Iliac Vein ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Fractures, Malunited* ; Radius*

No abstract available.
Cicatrix* ; Contracture* ; Forearm* ; Hand*

The normal vascularization of peripheral nervesand the vascular factor in peripheral nerve les ons have regained increasing interest among surgeons. So, several attempts have been made to assess the relative importance of the vasa nervorum and intrinsic longitudinal vascular plexuses of nerve in maintaining the blood supply.of a segment of nerve trunk. The purpose of our experiment was to determine in laboratory animals the maximum extent to which a nerve can be mobilized without impairing its vascular supply so much that nerve function is jeopardized. All our studies were carried out on both sides of the sciatic-tibial nerve of thirty-two rabbit which were anesthetized intraperitoneally with urethane. The experimental procedure differed in three groups, Group I in which the sciatic nerve was mobilized 3 cm in length, Group II was mob lized 7 cm length and Group III was mobilized 10cm long. The tibialis post. muscles of each group were analyzed at intervals ot 1,2,4,6 and 8 weeks after neurolysis. Each muscles were examined grossly and histologically after hematoxylin and eosin staining. Experimental studies showed that a peripheral nerve is a well vascularized structure with a considerable reserve capacity in its microirculation. The intrinsic collateral system is well developeed and experimental deta supported the view that peripheral nerves may be mobilized over a cons derable length with or the only minium interference with their microvascular flow. The results were as follows: 1. The first evidence of histologic change in the muscle fibers was in the sarcolemmal neclei. 2. Localized atrophy of muscle fibers were observed at the six weeks after neurolysis. 3. With increasing length of neurolysis, abnormal finding were developed in early stage. 4. Massive atrophy of muscle fibers were noted in the muscle fibers which neurolysed more 7cm.
Animals, Laboratory ; Atrophy ; DEET ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Hematoxylin ; Muscles ; Peripheral Nerves ; Sciatic Nerve ; Surgeons ; Urethane ; Vasa Nervorum

The purpose of this study is to observe the choroidal vascular occlusion by photocoagulation under intravenous administration of fluorescein sodium. Argon laser photocoagulation(intensity: 50 mW, duration: 0.05 sec., spot size: 200 micrometer) was applied to the retina of the left eye(control group) and the same method was repeated to the right eye combined with intravenous infusion of 2 ml of fluorescein sodium in the pigmented rabbit(experimental group). The photocoagulated rabbit eyes were enucleated after 2 hrs, 1, 3 and 5 days and the retina and choroid were observed under electron microscopy. The result were as follows. 1. In the control group, loss of melanin pigments in the retinal pigment epithelium and destruction of outer segments of the photoreceptor were observed but endothelial cells of choriocapillaris and Bruch's membrane were intact. 2. In the experimental group, two hours after irradiation, endothelial cells of choriocapillaries were destroyed and capillary lumen was occupied with thrombus components, the retinal pigment epithelium and outer segment of the photoreceptor cells were also destroyed. One day after irradiation, occupied materials in lumen were absorbed but residual debris of thrombus was demonstrated. Three days after irradiation, newly formed endothelial cel1 processes were extended in the area of destroyed choriocapilJaries. Five days after irradiation, long processes of newly fonned endothelial cells extended in the area of choriocapillaries. The outer part of retina was repaired with newly formed pale pigment epithelium and proliferated Miil1er cells. 3. In conclusion, argon laser-provoked vascular change was more easily recognized by intraluminal fluorescein sodium which probably acted as an energy absorbent.
Administration, Intravenous ; Argon ; Bruch Membrane ; Capillaries ; Choroid* ; Endothelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Fluorescein* ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Light Coagulation ; Melanins ; Microscopy, Electron ; Photoreceptor Cells ; Retina ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium ; Thrombosis