No abstract available.
Discriminant Analysis* ; Gait* ; Lower Extremity* ; Range of Motion, Articular*

Background: Conventional laryngoscopy with Macintosh blade requires a movement of the head, neck and cervical spine. The Bullard laryngoscope is an anatomically shaped, potentially eliminating the need for cervical spine extension. Bullard and Macintosh laryngoscopes were compared by measuring the degree of cervical spine extension by radiological measurement. Methods: Eighteen patients requiring endotracheal intubation were studied. Anesthesia was induced in neutral head position followed by laryngoscopy. Each patients was intubated two times by Macintosh and Bullard laryngoscope in random order. Radiographic evaluation was performed to determine the degree of cervical spine extension on four occasions; before induction, during facial mask ventilation, and during Bullard and Macintosh laryngoscopy. Results: The extension of cervical spine was significantly less following Bullard laryngoscopy than Macintosh laryngoscopy for best view (p<0.05). Conclusions: The Bullard laryngoscope can be used with less cervical spine extension than Macintosh laryngoscope. It may be useful in patients in whom cervical spine movement is limited or undesirable.
Anesthesia ; Head ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Laryngoscopes ; Laryngoscopy* ; Masks ; Neck ; Spine* ; Ventilation

Multiple species of muridae and arvicolidae rodents serve as the natural reserviors of hantaviruses. Hantaviruses are distributed in rodent populations world-widely even in geographical areas where hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) has not been reported. Serologic diagnosis of infection, using hantaviral antigen, indicates that hantaviruses are wider distributed in wild rodents. This study was designed to intended the hantavirus infection among wild rodents captured in Kyebang mountain, Kangwon-do in Korea. A total of 216 wild rodents in 3 species were trapped in July and September in 1995. Serological evidence for hantaviruses infection were tested against five hantavirus antigens by indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique (IFA). Among 100 Eothenomys regulus, 78 Apodemus peninsulae and 38 Apodemus agrarius (IFA). Among 100 Eothenomys regulus, 78 Apodemus peninsulae and 38 Apodemus agrarius; 12 C. regulus, 15 A. peninsulae and 6 A. agrarius were IF antibody positive against hantaviruses. This data suggest that Eothnomys regulus and Apodemus peninsulae would be a natural reservoir of hantaviruses.
Animals ; Diagnosis ; Gangwon-do ; Hantavirus Infections* ; Hantavirus* ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome ; Korea ; Muridae ; Murinae ; Rodentia*

Clinical observation was carried out for 147 patients with mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MCLS) who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Wonju Christian Hospital during the period from June, 1983 to June, 1992. A spinal tap was performed on 114 of these patients and the following results were obtained. 1) The incidence of aseptic meningitis in patients with MCLS was 52.6%. (60 cases of the 114 cases who had spinal taps (52.6%).) 2) The predominent age group for aseptic meningitis was 6 months to 1 year of age (35%). 3) For the majority, the value of glucose and protein in the CSF were within normal limit or only mildly elevated. 4) The neurologic manifestations associated with aseptic meningitis in patients with MCLS were irritability (78.3%), vomiting (25.0%), nuchal rigidity (11.7%), convulsion (5.0%) and facial nerve palsy (1.7%) in that order.
Facial Nerve ; Gangwon-do ; Glucose ; Humans ; Incidence ; Meningitis, Aseptic* ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome* ; Muscle Rigidity ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Paralysis ; Pediatrics ; Seizures ; Spinal Puncture ; Vomiting

Objective: To investigate the dental phenotypes and treatment modalities (TxMod) in Korean patients with Parry–Romberg syndrome (PRS) using longitudinal data. Methods: The samples consisted of 10 PRS patients, who were treated and/or followed-up at Seoul National University Dental Hospital between 1998 and 2019. Using a novel PRS severity index based on the numbers of the atrophy-involved area and asymmetry-involved item, we classified them into mild (n = 3), moderate (n = 2), and severe (n = 5). Dental phenotypes, including congenitally missing tooth (Con-Missing-Tooth), microdontia, tooth with short root (Short-Root), tooth with dilacerated root, and delayed eruption/impacted tooth, were investigated along with Tx-Mod. Results: The side of occurrence of all dental phenotypes showed 100% concordance with the side of PRS involvement. The most two common dental phenotypes were Con-MissingTooth and Short-Root (n = 29 and n = 17 in six patients). The sums of the average number of Con-Missing-Tooth and Short-Root increased from mild PRS to moderate PRS and severe PRS cases (1.0, 6.0, and 6.2). In terms of TxMod, growth observation due to mild atrophy, fixed orthodontic treatment, and grafting were used for mild PRS cases. Tx-Mod for moderate PRS cases involved growth observation for surgery due to an early age at the initial visit. For severe PRS cases, diverse Tx-Mod combinations including unilateral functional appliance, fixed orthodontic treatment, growth observation, grafting, and orthognathic surgery were used. Conclusions The novel PRS severity index may be useful to provide primary data for individualized diagnosis and treatment planning for PRS patients.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of estrogen deficiency on pulpodentinal complex of tooth in ovariectomized rats. Thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats, 10 weeks old, were used. Rats were grouped into two groups. One group (n = 15) was subjected to sham surgery (SHAM) and the other group (n = 15) was ovariectomized bilaterally (OVX). Animals were sacrificed 12 weeks later, and their mandibular molars and associated periodontal supporting tissues were dissected out, and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. For comparison of groups, immunostained for osteonectin. Histomorphometrical measurement of change of teeth was performed using an image analysis system and paired t-test was used and the level of significance for overall differences was set at p < 0.05. In immunostaining of osteonectin, they were significantly different from each other. The predentin thickness in OVX rats was wider than in SHAM rats. And in SHAM rats, osteonectin was more specifically stained in predentin areas than in OVX rats. These results indicate that estrogen deficiency increased the unmineralized predentin areas and decreased osteonectin content in pulpal tissues in rats. If our result is applicable to human studies, odotoblast is affected by estrogen deficiency.
Animals ; Estrogens* ; Female ; Formaldehyde ; Humans ; Molar ; Osteonectin ; Ovariectomy ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tooth

No abstract available.
Epidermis* ; Urocanic Acid*

Isoegomaketone (IK) was isolated from Perilla frutescens, which has been widely used as a food in Asian cuisine, and evaluated for its biological activity. We have already confirmed that IK induced the HO-1 expression via Nrf2 activation in RAW264.7 cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of IK on the mechanism of HO-1 expression. IK upregulated HO-1 mRNA and protein expression in a dose dependent manner. The level of HO-1 mRNA peaked at 4 h after 15 μM IK treatment. To investigate the mechanisms of HO-1 expression modulation by IK, we used pharmacological inhibitors for the protein kinase C (PKC) family, PI3K, and p38 MAPK. IK-induced HO-1 mRNA expression was only suppressed by SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK. ROS scavengers (N-acetyl-L-cysteine, NAC, and glutathione, GSH) also blocked the IK-induced ROS production and HO-1 expression. Furthermore, both NAC and SB203580 suppressed the IK-induced Nrf2 activation. In addition, ROS scavengers suppressed other oxidative enzymes such as catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and NADH quinone oxidoreductase (NQO-1) in IK-treated RAW264.7 cells. Taken together, it can be concluded that IK induced the HO-1 expression through the ROS/p38 MAPK/ Nrf2 pathway in RAW264.7 cells.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Catalase ; Glutathione ; Glutathione Transferase ; Heme Oxygenase-1* ; Heme* ; Humans ; NAD ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Perilla frutescens ; Protein Kinase C ; RNA, Messenger

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to ascertain optimal assisted hatching (AH) method in frozen embryo transfer. We compared the effect of depending on whether mechanical or laser-AH was performed before or after the vitrification of embryo development rate and blastocyst cell numbers. METHODS: In order to induce superovulation, pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin followed by human chorionic gonadotropin were injected into 4- to 5-week-old female mice. 2-cell embryos were then collected by flushing out the oviducts. The Expanded blastocysts were recovered after the collected embryos were incubated for 48 hours, and were then subjected to artificial shrinkage (AS) and cross-mechanical AH (cMAH) or quarter-laser zona thinning-AH (qLZT-AH) were carried out using the expanded blastocysts before or after vitrification. After 48 hours of incubation, followed by vitrification and thawing (V-T), and blastocysts were fluorescence stained and observed. RESULTS: The rate of formation of hatched blastocysts after 24 and 72 hours of incubation was significantly higher in the AS/qLZT-AH/V-T group than in the other groups (p<0.05). The cell number of the inner cell mass was higher in AS/V-T/non-AH and AS/V-T/cMAH groups than those of others (p<0.05). In the control group, the number of trophectoderm and the total cell number were higher than in the AS-AH group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The above results suggest that AS and AH in vitrification of expanded blastocysts lead to the more efficient formation of hatched blastocysts in mice.
Animals ; Blastocyst* ; Cell Count* ; Chorionic Gonadotropin ; Embryo Transfer ; Embryonic Development ; Embryonic Structures ; Female ; Fluorescence ; Flushing ; Gonadotropins ; Herpes Zoster ; Humans ; Mice* ; Oviducts ; Pregnancy ; Superovulation ; Vitrification*

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of laser-assisted hatching (LAH) and various vitrification times for embryonic development and blastocyst cell numbers. METHODS: First, 2-cell and 8-cell embryos were collected by flushing out the oviducts. In the control groups, they were vitrified for 8 or 10 minutes without LAH. The LAH groups underwent quarter laser zona thinning-assisted hatching before vitrification (4, 6, and 8 minutes or 4, 7, and 10 minutes, respectively). After incubation, double-immunofluorescence staining was performed. RESULTS: The hatched blastocyst rate 72 hours after the 2-cell embryos were thawed was significantly higher in the 2LAH-ES8 group (33.3%) than in the other groups (p < 0.05). In the control-8 group (22.1±4.6), the cell number of the inner cell mass was higher than in the LAH groups (p < 0.05). The number of trophectoderm cells was higher in the 2LAH-ES6 group (92.8±8.9) than in the others (p < 0.05). The hatched blastocyst rate 48 hours after the 8-cell embryos were thawed was higher in the 8LAH-ES4 group (45.5%) than in the other groups, but not significantly. The inner cell mass cell number was highest in the 8LAH-ES7 group (19.5±5.1, p < 0.05). The number of trophectoderm cells was higher in the 8LAH-ES10 group (73.2±12.1) than in the other groups, but without statistical significance. CONCLUSION: When LAH was performed, 2-cell embryos with large blastomeres had a lower hatched blastocyst rate when the exposure to vitrification solution was shorter. Conversely, 8-cell embryos with small blastomere had a higher hatched blastocyst rate when the exposure to vitrification solution was shorter.
Animals ; Blastocyst ; Blastomeres ; Cell Count ; Embryonic Development* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Female ; Flushing ; Herpes Zoster ; Mice* ; Oviducts ; Pregnancy ; Vitrification*