As a member of growth arrest and DNA damage inducible gene family,GADD45αparticipats in the regulation of cell cycle,cell senescence,cell survival and apoptosis. GADD45αplays a critical role in the responses to cell injury induced by a variety of factors including cell stress and genotoxic chemicals. Different transcription factors and proteins are involved in transcriptional regulation of GADD45αgene. GADD45αprotein has been implicated in the regulation of genomic stability related cellular responses through interaction with other proteins. Genotoxicity test systems based on the char?acteristics of GADD45α in regulation of cell function,can be applied to the detection of potentially genotoxic compounds,which provides new ideas and methods about genotoxicity assessment. The molecular mechanism and research progress of GADD45α in genotoxicity test are summarized in this article.

Because of the long acquisition time and spin-echo planar imaging sequence, diffusion weight magnetic resonance image (DWI) should be denoised effectively to ensure the follow-up applications. The commonly used denoising methods which induced from gray level image lack the use of the specific information from multiple magnitude directions. This paper, therefore, proposes a modified linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) denosing method used for DWI. The proposed method uses the local information to estimate the parameter of the Rician noise and modifies the LMMSE using the information of multiple magnitude directions synthetically. The simulation and experiment of the synthetic DWI and real human brain DWI dataset demonstrate that the proposed method can more effectively remove the Rician noise compared to the commonly used denoising method and improve the robustness and validity of the diffusion tensor magnetic resonance image (DTI).
Algorithms ; Brain ; anatomy & histology ; Computer Simulation ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; Humans ; Image Enhancement ; methods ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Reproducibility of Results

OBJECTIVE:To prepare ganciclovir hydrochloride chitosan eye drops and establish its quality control method.METHODS:The eye drops was prepared using chitosan as thickening agent and synergist with ganciclovir as principal agent.The content of ganciiclovir was determined by HPLC.The stability of the preparation was investigated as well.RESULTS:The prepared eye drops was colorless transparent glutinous limpid liquid with its identification items all up to the related standards stipulated in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2005 edition).The linear range of ganciclovir was 5～80 mg?L-1(r=0.999 9) with average recovery of 99.02%(RSD=0.71%).The preparation was stable under light with all its indexes showed no obvious change in the accelerated test at 6 month.CONCLUSION:The preparation technology is simple and feasible and the quality of preparation is stable and controllable with a validity duration tentatively set at 2 years.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability between ganciclovir-chitosan eye drops and ganciclovir eye drops in rabbit eyes. METHODS: Japan big-eared rabbits were randomly assigned to the receive 50 ?L ganciclovir-chitosan eye drops (experiment group) or ganciclovir eye drops (control group) in both eyes. The rabbit tears,corneas and aqueous humor were collected at different time for the determination of drug concentration by RP-HPLC. The pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated as well. RESULTS: In the experimenal group,the half-life(t1/2) in tears,corneas and aqueous humor were 15.41,45.21,59.43 minutes,respectively versus 16.22,32.55,and 48.53 minutes in the control group. The Cmax were 2.03 ?g?mL-1 and 1.22 ?g?mL-1,respectively. In the experimental group,the AUC0→240 in tears,corneas and aqueous humor were 1.66,1.89,and 2.77 times those in control group. CONCLUSION: The bioavailability of ganciclovir-chitosan eye drops was significantly higher than that of ganciclovir eye drops.

Objective To explore the clinical manifestation and laboratory examination of chronic diarrhea in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) and analyze the reasons that causes the chronic diarrhea in children.Methods Clinical data of 7 patients (male 4 cases,famale 3 cases)with AIDS with manifestation of chronic diarrhea among the 17 cases were diagnosed as AIDS in Beijing children′s hospital from Jan.1999 to Dec.2006.The time of diarrhea,degree of dinrrhea,characteristic of stool,accompaniment symptom,laboratory examination were retrospectively analyzed.Results The average onset age was 6 years old(from 2-9 years old).The average time of diarrhea was 6 months(from 1-16 months).Four cases main complained with chronic diarrhea,3 cases came to the hospital because of fever,cough and wasting;6 cases with diarrhea,7 cases with malnutrition and anemia,5 cases accompanied hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis,6 cases had delay in growth and development,2 cases with abnormal stool routine exam,1 case with positive stool culture of fungi.All patients were with lower CD4,5 cases with lower CD4/CD8.Conclusions Chronic diarrhea is a common symptom in children with AIDS,and usually accompanied by obvious delay in growth and development,malnutrition and anemia,the reasons that causes the chronic diarrhea are consi-dered to be related with both the opportunistic infection and HIV infection.

Objective To evaluate the results of Four-Step methods in traditional Chinese medicine Course.Methods 40 five-academic-year clinical medical students and 40 seven-academicyear undergraduate students were randomized assigned into experimental group (n=40, 20 five-academicyear clinical medical students and 20 seven-academic-year students) and control group (n=40, 20 five-academic-year students and 20 seven-academic-year students).The control group received conventional teaching, while four-step teaching break the gap between Chinese medicine and western medicine, build the base, form the framework of Chinese medicine and extend knowledge was implemented in the experimental group.Through questionnaire score, group discussion, the final evaluation of the theory and clinical training evaluation, the learning of the experimental group students and the control group students was compared.SPSS 18.0 statistical software was used and t test was employed to make analysis of the relevant data.Results The questionnaire at the end of the semester showed that the average score of students in the experimental group (36.18 ± 0.96) was higher than that in the control group (26.62 ± 1.00), and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.017).In the discussion at the end of the semester, the experimental group paid more attention to the theory and technology of traditional Chinese medicine's learning persistence in future and its application in their professional practice.Scores in theory test were higher in seven-academic-year students in experimental group (88.40 ± 8.79) than in control group (82.15 ± 6.83) and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.017), but there was no difference in five-academic-year students between experimental group (75A0 ± 12.09) and control group (77.85 ± 11.99), which was not considered statistically significant different (P=0.524).In clinical practice, the rate of outstanding students in the experimental group of seven-academic-year was five percentage points higher than the control group, while the rate of outstanding students in the experimental group of five-academic-year was 10 percentage points higher than the control group.Conclusions Four step teaching is helpful to stimulating the learning enthusiasm of the students of traditional Chinese medicine, expanding students' vision of medical field, and promoting their construction of a more comprehensive medical knowledge framework.

Objective To investigate the effects of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection on apoptosis of cord blood monocytes-derived dendritic cells (DC) in neonates. Methods Cord blood monocytes were induced into DC by 50 ng/mL recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor(rhGM-CSF)and 10 ng/mL recombinant human interleukin-4 (rhIL-4),and DC were divided into three groups:①4G group:rhGM-CSF and rhIL-4 were added separately on the day of cell separation;②4G+0d EBV group:rhGM-CSF,rhIL-4 and B95.8 cell supernatants were added simultaneously on the day of cell separation;③4G+5d EBV group:hGM-CSF and rhIL-4 were added on the day of cell separation,and B95.8 cell supernatants were added on the 5th day.Percents of DC apoptosis were measured using Annexin V-FITC and PI staining by flow cytometry.The expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) was detected by Western Blot.Results Percent of DC apoptosis in 4G+0d EBV group was significantly higher than that in 4G group on the 6th to 14th day(P<0.05),and percent of DC apoptosis in 4G+5d EBV group was significantly higher than that in 4G group on the 7th to 14th day(P<0.05).The effects of EBV infection on percent of DC apoptosis had relations with infection time points.The expression of XIAP in DC decreased significantly after EBV infection. Conclusion EBV promotes apoptosis of cord blood monocytes-derived DC,which is associated with the differentiation and maturation status of DC.

The clinical and experimental researches of acupuncture and moxibustion on endometriosis during past 15 years were collected. The research progress underling the mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion on endometriosis was summarized. By taken Chinese characters, i.e. "acupuncture-moxibustion" and "endometriosis" as well as the English words, i.e. "acupuncture therapy" and "endometriosis" as the searching words, the relevant articles were retrieved from Pubmed, Embase, Chinese China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, Chongqing VIP and the China Biology Medicine Disc etc. The retrieval time was from January 2003 to October 2018. As a result, 41 articles of clinical studies and 18 articles of animal experiments were screened. Of them, 20 articles (including 18 articles of animal experiments and 2 articles of clinical trial) are related to the mechanism underling acupuncture and moxibustion on endometriosis. In term of the impacts on growth factors, enzymes and enzyme inhibitors, the mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion was explored on the analgesia for endometriosis, the inhibition of ectopic tissue angiogenesis and invasive adhesion, as well as the regulation of immune function and endocrine. Moreover, the limitation and prospect on the current researches were proposed so as to provide the more reliable evidence for clinical treatment of endometriosis with acupuncture and moxibustion.

Objective:To explore effect of relevant training on understanding of theory of naive biology for plant reproduction in 5- and 6-years old,and to attempt to provide demonstration for a debate of different views between domain universality and domain specificity cognitive development.Methods:48 preschoolers who did not comprehend concept of plant reproduction screened from 64 preschoolers ages 5 to 6 were surveyed by clinical method.Half of the 48 children were assigned to intervention group,the other to control group.The effects of intervention were compared by the experimental before-after design.Results:Relevant biological knowledge might widely accelerate 5- and 6-year-olds' understandings for plant reproduction,and 6-year-olds had more enhancement than 5-year-olds.Pass rates of intervention group were more 29.2% than control group in 5 year olds,and more 54.1% in 6 year olds.Conclusion:Acquiring specific knowledge will generally improve preschoolers' cognition on plant reproduction.Children' cognitive development is influenced jointly by both domain-specific and domain-general thinking.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of Huangqi inoculation fluid union chemotherapy in the treat- ment of the induction chemotherapy time of acute leukemia.Methods The patients with acute leukemia were ran- domized into two groups:the 1st group treated with conventional induction chemotherapy(control-group) and the 2nd group treated with chemotherapy treatment union Huangqi inoculation fluid(observation-group).Chinieal effects and poisonous side effects of two groups were compared.Results The completely alleviating rate of observation- group was 87.75%,the partially alleviating rate of observation-group was 4.04%,and KPS grades total improve- ment rate was 73.47%;the completely alleviating rate of control-group was 50.00%,the partially alleviating rate of control group was 16.67%,and KPS grades total improvement rate was 36.67%;the poisonous side effects of ob- servation-group was lower titan that of the control-group(P