No abstract available.

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: Recently, according to many studies, variable factors have been known to be associated with physical fitness. The factors such as obesity and inactivity are associated with poor physical fitness, but regular exercise is associated with good physical fitness. In our country, these studies are not yet reported. And so, this study was designed to investigate the factors associat,ed with physical fitness. METHODS: From May 1st, until July 30th 1996, we recruited the 411 subjects who visited the Health Promotion Center at Seoul National University Hospital. Data related to sex, age, exercise, job, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption were obtained by self-administered Questionnaire. Obesity index was calculated by the percentage of standard body weight. And VO2max were obtained by submaximal bicycle ergometer test. High level exercise group was defined as the persons who had taken exercise more than 3 times a week and 20 minutes per session, and moderate exercise group was defined as the persons who had taken exercise one or two times a week and 20 minutes per session, and sedentary group was defined as the persons who had taken exercise more than 20 minutes less than one time per week. RESULTS: The subjects were 230 males(56%), total numbers were 411. The results were as follows. Compaired to women and nonexercise group, men and exercise group had high VO2max(p<0.005). The relationship between VO2max and age showed negative, and the VO2max of obese group(obesity index>_120) was greater than that of nonobese group. Any significant relationships between VO2max and job, disease were not found. In multiple regression analysis, significant relationships between VO2max and age, sex, exercise type, and obesity index were observed(p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that there were significant relationships between VO2max and obesity index, exercise group.
Alcohol Drinking ; Body Weight ; Female ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; Physical Fitness* ; Seoul ; Smoking ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Though the occurrence of multiple primary malignant tumor is a rare finding but the reported cases of it has increased in recent years. We collected multiple primary cancer of different organ, tissue and the multicentric origin of bilaterally paired organs. This paper reports 6 cases of multiple primary malignant tumors which were experienced at Yeungnam university hospital in Taegu during the past 2 years with review of journals. The results were as follows. 1. The incidence of multiple primary cancer was 0.31% for 2 years (1987-1988). 2. The ratio between male and female was 1:1 and mean age of incidence was 54.1 years. 3. The ratio between synchronous and metachronous (interval more than 6 months) was 1:1. 4. The time interval between first and second cancer was average 2.7 years in metachronous cases. 5. The most frequent involved organ was stomach, breast and colon in order of frequency. 6. The incidence of familial cancer associations was found in one out of 6 cases. 7. The test of DNCB, multitest CMI and ratio of T4 to T8 were performed in 4 cases but there was no definitive evidence of abnormality. We concluded that every effort should be made to discover the presence of synchronous malignancies in the patients who are being treated for a known tumor, and also special care should be given to detect new metachronous lesions is required.
Breast ; Colon ; Daegu ; Dinitrochlorobenzene ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Neoplasms, Second Primary ; Stomach

PURPOSE: This study was carried out to investigate the correlation among tumor angiogenetic activity, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) reactivity and various clinicopathologic parameters. We also evaluated the validity of both as an independent prognostic factor in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. MATERIALS & METHODS: We studied 120 patients out of 727 patients with papillary thyroid casrcinoma who underwent thyroidectomy at our institute from January 1986 to December 1994. The age of the patients ranged from 14 to 80 years with a mean of 48.2 years. There were 24 males and 96 females (M:F=1:4). The paraffin embedded tissues of these patients were stained with the monoclonal antibodies against factor VIII related antigen, antigen CD34 to highlight microvessels and against EMA to show immunoreactivity. We measured microvessel density (MVD) in the area of highest vascular density at 200 times of magnification (0.785 mm2 per field). The positive cells for EMA were counted as percentages of the whole cell population and the degree of reaction was rated on a five-point scale. RESULTS: Mean MVDs and EMA reactivities by location of tissue per field were 64.8+/-18.9, 1.97+/-0.74, in the center of the tumor; 41.3+/-15.3, 1.55+/-0.68 in the periphery of tumor; and 22.1+/-14.4, 1.09+/-0.75 in normal thyroid tissue, respectively. In relation to TNM stage, only the MVDs of patients with stage IV disease were higher than those of other disease stages with statistical significance (p<.05). In relation to DeGroot stage, the MVDs of patients with stage IV disease was also higher than others with statistical significance (p<.005). There were no significant differences in MVD and EMA reactivity between the two groups of low risk (n=77) and high risk (n=43) by AMES scale. The MVDs and EMA reactivities of patients with local recurrence (n=23) and death (n=7) during the follow-up period had no statistical significance against those patients without recurrence and living patients. CONCLUSION: Tumor angiogenic activity and EMA reactivity in papillary thyroid carcinoma did not correlate with TNM stage, DeGroot stage, AMES score, local recurrence, and patient death. However, MVD was significantly higher in patients with distant metastasis and may be useful in predicting the distant metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Microvessels ; Mucin-1 ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Paraffin ; Recurrence ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms* ; Thyroidectomy ; von Willebrand Factor

No abstract available.
Mycobacterium*

Patient's respiration can have an effect on movement of tumor range and peripheral organs. Therefore, the respiratory signal was acquired by relation between external markers and movement of patient's abdomen during radiational therapy in order to minimize the effect of respiration. Based on this technique, many studies of rational therapy to irradiate at particular part of stable respiratory signals have executed and they have been clinically applied. Nevertheless, the phase-based method is preferred to the amplitude-based method for the rational therapy related to respiration. Because stabilization of the respiratory signal are limited. In this study, a in-house respiratory signal analysis program was developed for the phase reassignment and the analysis of the irregular respiratory signals. Various irregular respiratory patterns was obtained from clinical experimental volunteers. After then, the in-house program analyzed the factors affecting to phase assignment which is directly related to irradiated sector. Subsequently, accuracy of phase assignment was improved with removement of irregular signals by self-developed algorithm. This study is considered to be useful for not only image reconstruction and elevation of irradiating accuracy through phase assignment of RPM system but also analysis of respiratory signals. Moreover, development of 4D CT image is planed with phantom researches or clinical experiments based on this program.
Abdomen ; Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Respiration

PURPOSE: Several techniques have been introduced for correction of pes cavo-varus deformity. We retrospectively reviewed and compared the data of patients who underwent 1st metatarsal osteotomy alone, Dwyer's osteotomy alone, and 1st metatarsal osteotomy combined with Dwyer's osteotomy to determine the effect on radiographic parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data on 28 cases in 27 consecutive patients recruited from 2006 to 2014 who underwent 1st metatarsal osteotomy alone (group F), Dwyer's osteotomy alone (group H), or 1st metatarsal osteotomy followed by Dwyer's osteotomy (group HF) with a minimum 1-year follow-up were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Calcaneal pitch angle on the standing foot lateral radiographs was significantly decreased after the operation in groups H and HF whereas Meary angle was decreased in groups F and HF. Hindfoot alignment angle and ratio on the hindfoot alignment view were improved in groups H and HF. Maximal medial cuneiform height reduction was observed in group HF. 1st ray was significantly shortened in groups F and HF. CONCLUSION: Combined forefoot and hindfoot operation took the largest correction power of all radiologic parameters.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot ; Foot Deformities ; Humans ; Metatarsal Bones* ; Osteotomy* ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: Warthin's tumor is a slow growing tumor found exclusively either in the parotid gland or the periparotid lymph nodes. Although surgical resection is the treatment of choice, the extent of surgery which is most beneficial has remained contraversial. We performed a comparative study of the results between enucleation and parotidectomy groups to evaluate the effectiveness of the enucleation procedure for the surgical management of parotid Warthins tumor. METHODS: Between January 1981 and July 2001, 74 patients underwent surgical resection of parotid Warthin's tumor. We reviewed the clinicopathological characteristics retrospectively and compared the operation time, postoperative complication rate, duration of postoperative hospital stay and recurrence between the enucleation group and the parotidectomy group. RESULTS: The mean age was 57.0 years (19~86 years) and the male to female ratio was 5.7: 1. The majority of the tumors were situated in the lower region of the superficial lobe (89.2%). Bilateral simultaneous involvements of the parotid gland was found in 5 patients (6.8%) and therefore a total of 79 parotid glands were involved. Four (5.4%) of the 79 parotid glands featured multifocal tumors of two or three lumps. Tumor sizes varied from 0.5 to 13.0 cm with a mean diameter of 3.5 cm. Of the 74 patients, 51 (68.9%) were diagnosed preoperatively or perioperatively by means of CT scans, ultrasound, 99m-Tc. scan, fine needle aspiration cytology or intraoperative frozen section biopsy. Of the 79 glands, 46 underwent a superficial (n=39), partial (n=2) or total (n=5) parotidectomy, while enucleation was performed for the remaining 33 cases with single Warthin's tumor. Only one case of recurrence was identified during the follow up period. However the operation time, the postoperative complication rate, and the duration of postoperative hospital stay were all significantly reduced in the enucleation group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The enucleation procedure may represent a safe and appropriate surgical method for patients with single Warthin's tumor that is diagnosed preoperatively.
Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Frozen Sections ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Parotid Gland ; Postoperative Complications ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of stereoscopic localization of nonpalpable breast lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively analyzed 60 cases of stereotactic localization performed for lesions whichwere mammographically visible but not palpable. Each case was reviewed for chief complaint, indication oflocalization on a mammograph, location of the lesion, pathological diagnosis, and complications during and afterthe procedure. RESULTS: Most patients(75%) had no specific complaint. Among the 60 cases, microcalcification,mass and combined lesions were found in 34(57%), 12(20%), and 14 cases(23%), respectively. The most commonlocation of the lesion was the upper outer quadrant(29 cases). A histopathologic report was available in 56 of 60cases. Among 43 benign cases(76.8%), fibrocystic disease was most common(38 cases, 67.9%), while among 13malignant cases, ductal carcinoma was most common(9 cases, 16.1%). In four of 56 cases(7.1%), failure to removethe target lesion was identified. Retrospective analysis suggests that movement of the patient during theprocedure is the most likely cause of failure. There were no major complications. CONCLUSION: Stereotacticlocalization is simple and accurate, and compared with the conventional method, requires less experience on thepart of the practitioner. Movement of the patient during the procedure may be the major cause of failure.
Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies