BACKGROUND: In recent years, the incidence of obesity increased in Koreans. The main cause suggested is the diet style of Korean changed to that of Western. It has been proved that obesity is a risk factor or an aggravating factor of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, etc. Primary physician has been interested in the correlation of blood pressure with relative body weight and aging. The purpose of this study was to focus on the influence of age and relative body weight on blood pressure. METHODS: Subjects were collected from 2,068 adults who had received Adult Health Examination. That subjects were divided according to age, relative body weight and then the relation of blood pressure with age according to relative body weight and relation with relative body weight according to age were investigated. RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure increased significantly according to age in all male and female three weight groups and then increased significantly according to relative body weight in all male and female three age groups except male seventh decade group. Diastolic blood pressure increased significantly according to age in all male and female three weight groups except male obesity group and then increased significantly according to the relative body weight in all male and female three age groups except male and female seventh decade groups. Systolic blood pressure has higher correlation with age than relative body weight and diastolic blood pressure has higher correlation with relative body weight in male. In female, systolic and diastolic blood pressure have higher correlations with age. CONCLUSIONS: It can be suggested that blood pressure increase significantly according to aging process and relative body weight. These two factors have a little different effects to systolic and diastolic blood pressure according to sex. Relative body weight has more effect to diastolic blood pressure than systolic blood pressure in male.
Adult ; Aging ; Blood Pressure* ; Body Weight ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Male ; Obesity* ; Risk Factors

BACKGROUND: There has been proposing reports that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is involved in the pathophysiological mechanism of migraine. However, previous reports suggesting ANS dysfunction during migraine attack was not consistent and were focused mainly on comparison between migraine patients in interictal period and normal controls. The current study is designed to evaluate quantitative evidence of ANS dysfunction by comparing patients in ictal period with those in interictal period. METHODS: We prospectively included 30 migraineurs in ictal period and 30 migraineurs in interictal period from August 2008 to August 2009. Sympathetic function was evaluated by blood pressure response to standing and isometric exercise. Parasympathetic function was evaluated by heart rate response to deep breathing, standing and the Valsalva maneuver. RESULTS: In orthostatic test, falling of systolic blood pressure (SBP) after standing was prominent in ictal group. Although both groups showed elevation of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) after standing, the change was smaller in ictal group than intercital group. Elevation of DBP after isometric exercise was lower in ictal group without statistical significance. Results of parasympathetic function test were not significantly different between ictal and interictal patients. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that subjects with migraine had sympathetic hypofunction during migraine attack.
Autonomic Nervous System ; Blood Pressure ; Exercise ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Migraine Disorders ; Prospective Studies ; Respiration

Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a rare disease characterized by marked fibro-inflammatory tissue in the retroperitoneum. Approximately 70% of cases of RPF are idiopathic, while the rest can be secondary to several other causes. The diagnosis is mainly obtained by imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT). However, histological examination should be considered when the clinical manifestations and imaging studies suggest malignancy. In particular, in malignant diseases with retroperitoneal metastases, abnormal collagen plaques are formed from an exuberant desmoplastic response, which may not be distinguishable from RPF on CT scans. Therefore, even if CT suggests RPF, biopsy is essential to identify malignant disease because it typically results in a fatal prognosis. Here, we report a case of metastatic adenocarcinoma of unknown primary site that developed only in the retroperitoneum and was initially diagnosed as RPF based on CT findings.
Adenocarcinoma ; Biopsy ; Collagen ; Diagnosis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms, Unknown Primary ; Prognosis ; Rare Diseases ; Retroperitoneal Fibrosis* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to analyze the survival rate of reconstruction plates that were used to correct mandibular discontinuity defects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed clinical and radiological data of 36 patients. Only discontinuous mandibular defect cases were included in the study. Reconstruction plate survival rate was analyzed according to age, gender, location of defect, defect size, and whether the patient underwent a bone graft procedure, coronoidectomy, and/or postoperative radiation therapy (RT). RESULTS: Plate-related complications developed in 8 patients, 7 of which underwent plate removal. No significant differences were found in plate survival rate according to age, gender, location of defect, defect size, or whether a bone graft procedure was performed. However, there were differences in the plate survival rate that depended on whether the patient underwent coronoidectomy or postoperative RT. In the early stages (9.25+/-5.10 months), plate fracture was the most common complication, but in the later stages (35.75+/-17.00 months), screw loosening was the most common complication. CONCLUSION: It is important to establish the time-related risk of complications such as plate fracture or screw loosening. Coronoidectomy should be considered in most cases to prevent complications. Postoperative RT can affect the survival rate and hazard rate after a reconstruction plate is fitted.
Humans ; Survival Rate ; Transplants

Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is an uncommon disorder characterized by bilateral pain and stiffness in the shoulder and pelvic girdles. Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis (GCA) occur in the same patient population and share a common pathogenesis. Giant cell arteritis predominantly affects the cranial arteries and rarely involves the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, giant cell arteritis has rarely been reported in Asians. Here, we present a case with 62-year-old Asian woman who developed polymyalgia rheumatica with localized vasculitis in the mesenteric arteries.
Arteries ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Giant Cell Arteritis ; Humans ; Mesenteric Arteries ; Middle Aged ; Polymyalgia Rheumatica* ; Shoulder ; Vasculitis*

Myxoma is the most common primary tumor in the heart. Cardiac myxomas can present in various manners including embolization and fever, sometimes simulating endocarditis. However, they are rarely infected. We report here a case of an infected left atrial myxoma that seeded a normal mitral valve and atypically presented with multiple embolic events in the lower extremities along with multiple splenic and a cerebellar infarction.
Endocarditis ; Fever ; Heart ; Infarction ; Lower Extremity ; Mitral Valve ; Myxoma ; Seeds

Eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) is a relatively rare disorder characterized by eosinophilia of the peripheral blood and inflammation of fascia and skin. The etiology of EF is unknown but it can precede or occur concomitantly with hematologic disorders including malignancy. EF can rarely occur after bone marrow transplantation and is a feature of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). We report a 49-year-old man who developed EF as the first manifestation of cGVHD after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AlloHSCT).
Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils ; Fascia ; Fasciitis ; Graft vs Host Disease ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Middle Aged ; Skin

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of intracapsular fracture lines of the mandibular condyle on the anatomical and functional recovery after non-surgical closed treatment. METHODS: Clinical and radiological follow-up of 124 patients with intracapsular fractures of the mandibular condyle was performed after closed treatment between 2005 and 2012. The intracapsular fractures were classified into three categories: type A (medial condylar pole fracture), type B (lateral condylar pole fracture with loss of vertical height) and type M (multiple fragments or comminuted fracture). RESULTS: By radiological finding, fracture types B and M lost up to 24% vertical height of the mandibular condyle compared to the height on the opposite side. In Type M, moderate to severe dysfunction was observed in 33% of the cases. Bilateral fractures were significantly associated with the risk of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction in fracture types A and B. Bilateral fracture and TMJ dysfunction were not statistically significantly associated in type M fractures. CONCLUSION: Most of the mandibular intracapsular condylar fractures recovered acceptably after conservative non-surgical treatment with functional rehabilitation, even with some anatomical shortening of the condylar height. The poor functional recovery encountered in type M fractures, especially in cases with additional fracture sites and bilateral fractures, points up the limitation of closed treatment in such cases.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mandibular Condyle* ; Mandibular Fractures ; Rehabilitation ; Temporomandibular Joint ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

PURPOSE: Maxillofacial fractures are rapidly increasing from car accidents, industrial accidents, teenaged criminal activity, and sports injuries. Accurate assessment, appropriate diagnosis, and preparing individual treatment plans are necessary to reduce surgical complications. We investigated recent trends of facial bone fracture by period, cause, and type, with the objective of reducing surgical complications. METHODS: To investigate time trends of maxillofacial fractures, we reviewed medical records from 2,196 patients with maxillofacial fractures in 1981~1987 (Group A), 1995~1999 (Group B), and 2008~2012 (Group C). We analyzed each group, comparing the number of patients, sex ratio, age, fracture site, and etiology. RESULTS: The number of patients in each period was 418, 516, and 1,262 in Groups A to C. Of note is the increase in the number of patients from Group A to C. The sex ratios were 5.6:1, 3.5:1, and 3.8:1 in Groups A, B, and C. The most affected age group for fracture is 20~29 in all three groups. Traffic accidents are the most common cause in Groups A and B, while there were somewhat different causes of fracture in Group C. Sports-induced facial trauma was twice as high in Group C compared with Group A and B. Mandible fracture accounts for a large portion of facial bone fractures overall. CONCLUSION: We observed an increase in facial bone fracture patients at Kyungpook National University Dental Hospital over the years. Although facial injury caused by traffic accidents was still a major cause of facial bone fracture in all periods, the percentage decreased. In recent years, isolated mandible fracture increased but mandible and mid-facial complex fracture decreased, possibly because of a reduction in traffic accidents.
Accidents, Occupational ; Accidents, Traffic ; Athletic Injuries ; Criminals ; Diagnosis ; Facial Bones ; Facial Injuries ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Mandible ; Maxillofacial Injuries ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies* ; Sex Ratio ; Tertiary Healthcare*

BACKGROUND: Increased glucose uptake, a process that is mediated by glucose transporter (Glut1) proteins, is an important metabolic feature in a variety of cancer cells. The overexpression of Glut1 in human cancers is known to be related to a variety of histopathological parameters, including histological grade, proliferation rate, and lymphatic invasion. The principal objective of this study was to evaluate Glut1 expression in the spectrum of pulmonary neuroendocrine (NE) tumors including typical carcinoid tumor (TC), atypical carcinoid tumor (AC), large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), and small cell carcinoma (SCC), and to characterize the relationship between Glut1 expression and the histologic grade of NE tumors. METHODS: 19 TC, 7 AC, 13 LCNEC, and 6 SCC patients were included in this study. The percentages of Glut1-positive tumor cells in these patients were determined. For statistical analysis, Glut1 expression was subdivided into a Glut1-low expression group (0-30%) and a Glut1-high expression group (31-90%). RESULTS: In our subgroup analyses, the histological grade of pulmonary neuroendocrine (NE) tumors was significantly correlated with Glut1 expression; TC (n=19, 3.6+/-4.2%), AC (n=7, 20.0+/-4.9%), LCNEC (n=13, 60.0+/-21.1%), and SCC (n=6, 74.2+/-16.9%). Glut1-high expression was significantly associated with high-grade NE tumors such as LCNEC and SCC (n=19, 62.6+/-21.0%) (p=0.000). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study appear to indicate that Glut1 overexpression is a consistent feature of high-grade NE lung tumors.
Carcinoid Tumor ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Glucose ; Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative ; Glucose Transporter Type 1 ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; Proteins