Pneumocystis carinii is the most common cause of diffuse pulmonary infiltrates in the immunocompromised patients. Microscopically, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia(PCP) shows characteristic frothy intraalveolar exudate and interstitial lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltrate. However, sometimes the only histologic finding of PCP on routine hematoxylin-eosin stain is that of diffuse alveolar damage(DAD), when we can miss the diagnosis without aid of special stains. We report a case of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia presenting as DAD in a 50-year old man after chemotherapy due to malignant lymphoma. Open lung biopsy specimen reveals the early stage of DAD without any characteristic findings, such as foamy exudate. However many cysts of Pneumocystis carinii were found on Gomori's methenamine silver(GMS) stain. Therefore, GMS stain should be routinely performed on all biopsy specimens obtained from immunocompromised patients.
Male ; Humans ; Cysts ; Biopsy

No abstract available.
Pregnancy* ; Uterine Hemorrhage*

Adenomyosis is a common disease of middle-aged women and adenomyoma is a variety of adenomyosis that formed localized tumor. Cystic degeneration of an adenomyoma is a rare clinical manifestation. A 30-year-old parous woman suffered from severe dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia for about 5 months, was operated under the impression of endometriosis of the pelvis. Following the operation, cystic degeneration of an adenomyoma was found incidentally. The authors experienced a case of adenomyosis that formed cystic tumor of uterus and presented with a pertinent literatures.
Adenomyoma ; Adenomyosis* ; Adult ; Dysmenorrhea ; Endometriosis ; Female ; Humans ; Menorrhagia ; Pelvis ; Uterus

The purpose of this study was to assess the energy value of breakfast and its relation to total daily nutrient intake and serum lipid. Dietary intakes were evaluated through the 3-day dietary recalls(interview for 1day and self-report for 2 days) from 333 Korean urban adults aged 20-49 year. Serum lipids in fasting blood samples were measured form 98 of those 333 adults. Low energy breakfast(<15% of daily energy intake) was consumed by 22.6% of males and 18.5% of females. 59.4 of males and 43.3% of females consumed a breakfast of average energy intake(15-25% daily energy intake) ; and 18.1 of males and 38.2% of females consumed a significant contribution to a total daily nutrient intake. The daily nutrient intake except crude fiber and vitamin A, B, B, and C in males and except vitamin C in females significantly increased as the energy value of breakfast increased. The differences in energy and nutrient intakes at breakfast were not made up for by other meals. To make matters worse, the satisfactory-energy breakfast group took more energy at dinner compared with the low-energy and average-energy breakfast group took more energy at dinner compared with the low-energy and average-energy breakfast groups in females. Among serum lipid parameters, TG was negatively correlated with energy provided at breakfast, and total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol had a negative correlation with energy and carbohydrates provided at breakfast in males. For females TG was positively correlated with the ratio of carbohydrates to energy at breakfast but negatively correlated with the ratio of fat to energy at breakfast. These results suggest that satisfactory energy intakes at breakfast have positive effects on the adequacy of daily nutrient intake and may positively affect the serum lipid status.
Adult* ; Ascorbic Acid ; Breakfast* ; Carbohydrates ; Cholesterol ; Fasting ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Meals ; Vitamin A

No abstract available.
Humans

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of smoking and/or alcohol drinking on the nutrient intake, nutritional status, and eating habits of adult males. The subjects were 157 male adults aged 20-49 living in Daejon. Interviews with questionaire on smoking and alcohol drinking habits and eating habits, anthropometric measurement, biochemical blood test, and dietary assessment by one-day 24 hour recall and two-day diet record were carried out. The subjects were divided into four groups : control (non-smoking and non-drinking), drinking only, smoking only, and the both(drinking and smoking). The average numbers of smoked cigarettes were 17.8/d and 19.1/d in the smoking only group and the both group, respectively. The frequency of alcohol drinking was 8.3 times/month and 11.6 times/month in the drinking only group and the both group, respectively. Height was significantly higher(P 0.05) in the drinking only group than in the none and smoking only groups, while the other anthropometric indices were not different among the four groups. There were positive correlations between smoking and drinking or coffee intake. Alcohol drinking increased eating-out frequency and the intakes of energy, protein, dietary fiber, vitamin A, B1, B/sub 6/, Fe and P, while smoking decreased snack frequency and intakes of energy, protein and vitamin B/sub 6/. Blood pressure was not changed in the smoking only and drinking only groups compared to the none group, while systolic blood pressure was elevated in both group(P 0.05). Alcohol drinking significantly elevated(P 0.05) serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholestrol level, while smoking did not change the serum lipid and cholesterol levels. Hemoglobin nd MCHC levels were significantly elevated(P 0.05) by smoking. From these data, it is suggested that both smoking and drinking have influence on some eating habits and nutrient intakes, and especially alcohol drinking can induce hypercholesterolemia.
Adult* ; Alcohol Drinking* ; Blood Pressure ; Cholesterol ; Coffee ; Daejeon ; Diet Records ; Dietary Proteins ; Drinking ; Eating* ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Male* ; Nutritional Status* ; Smoke* ; Smoking* ; Snacks ; Tobacco Products ; Vitamin A ; Vitamins

A new microemulsion formulation of cycloporine(CsA) has been recently used in Korean renal transplants. We compared the clinical effect and the trough levels of microemulsion cyclosporine(M-CsA) as opposed to conventional CsA in soft gelatine capsule(C-CsA). In the study for hospitalized post-operative patients, 58 patients were divided into two groups; the C-CsA(control) group(n=23) received C-CsA, and the M-CsA group(n=28) received M-CsA after transplantation. In the study for stable OPD patients, 32 patients were divided into two groups. The C-CsA(control) group(n=16) did not change the type of CsA and continued C-CsA medication after Sep. 1994, M-CsA group(n=16) switched from C-CsA to M-CsA in Sep. 1995. In postoperative hospitialized patients, mean trough levels were not different between the two groups with CsA dosage (9mg/kg - 5mg/kg), although the M-CsA group had higher trough levels with 10mg/Kg CsA dosage than the control group. In OPD patients, there was no significant change in CsA dosage in both groups during the 6 month period. Mean trough levels, 6 months after conversion, were lower in the M-CsA group than in the control group. In the M-CsA group who received the same dose as a preconversion dose, mean trough levels at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 months were lower than the preconversion level, although control groups had lower trough levels only at 5 months. Serum creatinine levles were significantly decreased in the M-CsA OPD patients. From these results, we couldn't find a dose saving effect of M-CsA in our patients, it is much desirable to study the pharmacokinetics of M-CsA and C-CsA in Korean renal transplants.
Creatinine ; Cyclosporine* ; Gelatin* ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Pharmacokinetics ; Transplantation*

Glucocorticoids are usually given according to a standard dosing protocol regardless of individual difference. We evaluated the pharmacokinetic characteristics of methylprednisolone and the degree of interpatient variation in stable Korean renal transplant recipients during the period of 15-21 days after transplantation. This study included 23 renal transplant recipients, 13 males and 10 females, who received kidneys from living donors with stable graft function and without episode of acute rejection. On the study day at 8 A.M., 16.3mg of ethylprednisolone sodium succinate (i.v.) was administered to each patient instead of usual dose (20mg) of prednisolone (p.o.) after sampling of 7cc of baseline blood and additional blood samples were drawn after starting infusion. Plasma was separated and analyzed for methylprednisolone level using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay, and parameters for pharmacokinetics were calculated. There was significant interpatient variation in the pharmacokinetics of methylprednisolone in our patients group. There was no significant difference in the pharmacokinetic parameters between patients with and without side effects of steroid. Korean renal transplant recipients had higher volume of distribution than black renal transplant recipients; lower clearance than white renal transplant recipients; longer t1/2 than both black and white renal transplant recipients. Even if the number of patients included in this study was too small to reach conclusion, the differences in the pharmacokinetics of glucocorticoids do not seem to be a significant risk factor for side effects of steroid after transplantation. It may be necessary to individualize the dose of a glucocorticoid to achieve an optimal effect and also we need to establish a new steroid regimen protocol for Korean renal transplant recipients.
Chromatography, Liquid ; Female ; Glucocorticoids ; Humans ; Individuality ; Kidney ; Kidney Transplantation ; Living Donors ; Male ; Methylprednisolone* ; Pharmacokinetics ; Plasma ; Prednisolone ; Risk Factors ; Sodium ; Succinic Acid ; Transplantation* ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Prognosis*

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Prognosis*