Among 666 premature infants or low birthweight infants who were admitted in NICU of St. Francisco General Hospital from January 1990 to Jun 1992, 96 infants were diagnosed as retinopathy of prematurity by indirect ophthalmoscope. The result were follows: 1) Among 666 patients, retinopathy of prematurity developed in 96 patients(14.1%) 2) The high incidence was observed in low birthweight and small gestational age. 3) Mean age of first diagnosing time was 42.0( 12 day of life and mean gestational age was 31.8 2.5 weeks and mean birthweight was 1646.5 (350.7gm. 4) In gestational age, birthweight and duration of oxygen therapy, there was statistically difference between cryotherapy group and spontaneous regression group. Other possible risk factors-hyaline membrane disease, apnea, anemia-were showed higher incidence in cryotherapy group. 5) Among the 20 infants who were treated with cryotherapy, 16 infants (80%) showed regression of neovascularization.
Apnea ; Cryotherapy ; Gestational Age ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Membranes ; Ophthalmoscopes ; Oxygen ; Retinopathy of Prematurity*

In order to assess the effects of diazepam and meperidine as premedication for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, eighty eight patients undergone an elective upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were studied. Studied patients were divided into two groups; one group was premedicated with buscopan and stropine(group I), and the other group was premedicated with diazepam and meperidien (group II). The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1) 83.0% of the group II (44/53) did not eomplain any discomfort by the procedure, but only 23.9% (8/35) of the group I showed no discopmort. The difference between two groups is statiatieally significant (p<0.005). 2) In 41 patients with previous experience of endoscopy, 22 patients from 27 of the graup Il(81.5%) did not feel any discomfort but it wes only 3 patients among 14 of the group I (21.4%) who did not feel discomfart (p<0,005). 3) In 47 patients without previous experience of endoscopy, 23 patients from 26 of the group II (88. 5%) did not show discomfort but it way only 5 patients among 21 of the group I (23.7%) (p<0.005). 4) In the patients with previous experience of endoscopy, 21 patients among 27 of the group II (77. 8%) felt better than that of the previous experience but it was only 3 patients among 14 of the group I (21.4%) (p<0.005). From the above results, we would emphasize that it is more effective to use diazepam and, meperidien as premendication for the gastrointestinal endoscopic procedure since it removes pstients apprehension rendering them a good cooperation with very minimal side effects,
Butylscopolammonium Bromide ; Diazepam ; Endoscopy ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Humans ; Meperidine ; Premedication*

No abstract available.
Abscess* ; Nocardia*

No abstract available.
Seroepidemiologic Studies*

Plastic surgeons who perform reconstructive surgery of facial injuries have a dual responsibility: repair of the aesthetic defect and restoration of the function. The third goal is to minimize the period of disability. although emergent situations are limited in facial injuries, I would like to emphasize the advantages of prompt definitive reconstruction of the injuries and the contribution of early operative intervention to the superior aesthetic and functional outcomes. Socioeconomic and psychological factors make it imperative that an aggressive, expedient, and wellplanned surgical program be outlined, operated, and maintained to rehabilitate the patient to return to his or her active and productive life as soon as possible while minimizing aesthetic and functional disabilities. Teaching points: the techniques of extended open reduction and immediate repair or replacement of bone and microvascular tissue transfer of bone or soft tissue have made extensive and challenging injuries manageable. The principle of immediate skeletal stabilization in anatomic position has been enhanced by the use of rigid fixation and the application of craniofacial techniques that is safer and less traumatic for facial bone exposure. In this article, I will present mandibular fracture, orbital wall fracture and maxillar fracture, which are commonly encountered facial bone injuries. We can improve both the functional and aesthetic outcomes of facial fracture treatment when we manage the patients with the current concept of craniofacial techniques based on precise anatomic knowledge.
Facial Bones* ; Facial Injuries ; Humans ; Mandibular Fractures ; Orbit ; Orbital Fractures ; Psychology

In order to obtain a complete and lees contaminated lung washings from the rabbits, the left lung of rabbit was subjected to lavage with saline by altering the number of washing, i.e.: once, twice and thrice, and surface tension, protein content and phospholipid content of the lung washings were measured. Surface tension was measured by the modified Langmuir-Wilhelmy balance, Phospholipid content was determined by the modified method of Baginski, and protein content by the method of Lowry et al. The results obtained are summerized as follows: 1. The maximal surface tension, minimal surface tension, stability index, protein content and phospholiped content of left lung washings (once) were 53.9+/-2.7 dyne/cm, 11.4+/-8.4 dyne/cm, 1.4+/-0.4, 127.2+/-6.0 ug/ml, and 306.8+/-65.4 ug/ml, respectively. 2. The maximal surface tension, stability index, protein content and phospholipid content of left lung washings (twice) were 55.5+/-2.4 dyne/cm, 5.0+/-2.2 dyne/cm, 1.7+/-0.2, 166.6+/-11.0 ug/ml and 283.5+/-40.1 ug/ml, respectively. 3. The maximal surface tension, minimal surface tension, stability index, protein content, and phospholipid content of left lung washings (thrice) were 53.6+/-2.6 dyne/cm, 6.2+/-2.2 dyne/cm, 1.6+/-0.1, 184.3+/-15.4 ug/ml and 368.3+/-68.2 ug/ml, respectively. 4. The above results indicate that the most optimal number of rabbit left lung washing is twice.
Lung* ; Rabbits ; Surface Tension ; Therapeutic Irrigation

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: QT interval on ECG strongly depends on heart rate. Prolonged early phase of repolarization may be responsible for mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis. Investigation of physiologic behavior of QT interval and their relation to cardiac cycle length may explain mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis. The aim of this study is to investigate the physiologic behavior of the QT intervals during various stages of treadmill exercise test in healthy airlines pilots. METHOD: A retrospective analysis of treadmill exercise test ws done in 60 healthy men. Each underwent 10 ECG recordings, which were performed in resting, 1 minute, 2 minute and 3 minute of exercise stage 1, 2 and 3 of Bruce protocol respectively. The QT interval was measured as the time interval from the earliest Q onset to the peak T wave (QTp) in precordial lead V2. RESULTS: The mean heart rate before exercise was 72 +/-5 beats/minute, and at 1, 2 and 3 minute of exercise stage 1, 2 and 3 were 96 +/-8, 97 +/-7, 99 +/-9, 112 +/-9, 117 +/-9, 120 +/-10, 137 +/-12, 145 +/-12 and 152 +/-10, respectively. The d-QTp/d-RR at 1, 2 and 3 minute of exercise stage 1, 2 and 3 were 10.4 +/-5.9, 14.1 +/-5.8, 15.1 +/-6.2, 14.8 +/-4.2, 16.1 +/-3.7, 16.3 +/-3.5, 16.8 +/-2.9, 17.1 +/-3.0%, respectively. The QTp interval respond slowly for rapid changes in cycle length. The change of QTp interval showed a linear correlation with the change of the RR interval (y=0.189x-10.864, r=0.83, P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: The changes in QT interval lagged behind the rapid and sustained changes in the heart rate elicited by treadmill exercise test. It is concluded that the d-QTp/d-RR showed hysteresis in the changes in the RR interval may be useful in assessing in the dynamic regulation of the ventricular repolariza-tion process.
Electrocardiography ; Exercise Test ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: Although the net atrioventricular compliance can be obtained by invasive catheterization (Ccath) in mitral stenosis (MS), feasibility of noninvasive echocardiographic calculation of the compliance (Cecho) and its hemodynamic significance were not tested. METHODS: Using valve area by 2D planimetry (A2D) and deceleration slope (dv/dt) of transmitral velocity decay in continuous wave Doppler echocardiographic tracing, Cecho was defined as -A2D/(gamma dv/dt), which was compared with Ccath obtained directly during the catheterization in 30 MS patients with sinus rhythm. Exercise Doppler echocardiography with symptom-limited treadmill was performed in 66 patients with moderate to tight MS: mean mitral gradient (MG) and peak pressure gradient of tricuspid regurgitation (PGTR) at baseline and immediately after exercise were obtained using continuous wave Doppler echocardiographic tracing. Hemodynamic variables including Cecho, MG, PGTR and mitral valve area were analyzed to determine the association with patients' exercise tolerance. RESULTS: Cecho in 30 patients with tight MS (valve area 0.9+/-0.2 cm 2) was 4+/-1 ml/mmHg (2-7 mmHg), which showed a significant correlation with Ccath (r=0.48, p=0.01). Exercise time in 66 patients with moderate to tight MS showed significant negative correlation with resting MG, resting and postexercise PGTR, and positive correlation with Cecho: exercise time in those patients did not show any significant correlation with resting valve area. In multivariate analysis, Cecho and postexercise PGTR were independent factors determining exercise time in MS. CONCLUSIONS: The net atrioventricular compliance in MS can be calculated by noninvasive echocardiography, and it is an important hemodynamic factor determining exercise tolerance in MS.
Catheterization ; Catheters ; Compliance ; Deceleration ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Exercise Tolerance ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Mitral Valve ; Mitral Valve Stenosis ; Multivariate Analysis ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency

Calcific tendinitis of hand and foot is rare and frequently misdiagnosed because of its rare incidence and its similar clinical presentation to other conditions such as infection. Awareness of the typical location as well as familiarity with the imaging findings is essential for making a correct diagnosis of this rare condition. We report four cases of calcific tendinitis of hand and foot, occurring in the flexor hallucis brevis, abductor digiti minimi, and abductor pollicis brevis.
Foot ; Hand ; Incidence ; Recognition (Psychology) ; Tendinopathy ; Tendons