No abstract available.
Echocardiography* ; Heart Ventricles* ; Tendons*

No abstract available.

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is an X-linked combined immunodeficiency disorder characterized by severely decreased number of platelets which are small in size, eczema resembling atopic dermatitis and recurrent infection. The serum of the patient contains elevated concentrations of IgA and IgE, whereas the IgG level is usually normal and IgM level is decreased. The patients also shows skin test anergy and progressive T-lymphocytopenia. Bleedings and recurrent infections are the main causes of death and the patients usually die before age 10. Bone marrow transplantation is accepted to be the only radical therapy. We experienced a case compatible with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome in a 5 year old male child who accompanied above clinical manifestations and laboratory findings.
Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Eczema ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin E ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Male ; Skin Tests ; Thrombocytopenia ; Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome* ; X-Linked Combined Immunodeficiency Diseases

Attention has been called to the sudden expansion of a pituitary tumor by hemorrhage within it, causing sudden loss of vision. Management of the pituitary apoplexy should be regarded as a neurological emergency. The outstanding clinical features of acute pituitary apoplexy were sudden headache, depressed consciousness, opthalmoplegia, meningismus and signs of compression of the optic nerve or chiasm. The authors report two cases of pituitary apoplexy, one was chromophobe adenoma and pathological diagnosis was not obtained in the other. The first case was 45-year-old man admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, Catholic Medical Center on June 20, 1977, with headache, double vision and impared left side visual acuity. On April 26, 1977, he experienced sudden severe headache and diplopia then became drowsy. The headache and impairment of consciousness improved subsequently. He was admitted to a university hospital following the onset. The work up at the hospital revealed an enlarged sella with hazy dorsum sellae on plain skull films. The carotid angiogram revealed an elevation of the A1 segments bilaterally and cisternal pneumogram revealed an evidence of suprasellar extension of the pituitary tumor. He was advised to have immediate surgery. The patient, however, refused the surgery and noticed the impaired visual acuity and diplopia were persisting. The studies in this hospital revealed marked impairment of left side vision and oculomotor nerve palsy of the left eye. The carotid angiogram and cisternal pneumogram revealed the no evidence of sellar mass or suprasellar extension of the tumor. The second case was 59-year-old woman admitted to the neurosurgical ward on September 30, 1977, after a sudden onset of severe bifrontal headache, vomiting, bilateral ocular pain and drowsy mental state. She was drowsy with panopthalmoplegia of the right side, and spinal fluid was xanthochromic. Skull X-ray, carotid angiogram and air study revealed an evidence of pituitary tumor with minimal suprasellar extension. Removal of pituitary tumor through the trans-sphenoidal approach was performed, and the tumor was proved to be chromophobe adenoma. Panopthalmoplegia was progressively improved postoperatively.
Adenoma, Chromophobe ; Consciousness ; Diagnosis ; Diplopia ; Emergencies ; Female ; Headache ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Meningism ; Middle Aged ; Neurosurgery ; Oculomotor Nerve Diseases ; Optic Nerve ; Pituitary Apoplexy* ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; Skull ; Visual Acuity ; Vomiting

Intracranial lipomas are rare tumor which are usually found at or near the mid saggital plane, especially in the corpus callosum. 3 cases of intracranial lipomas, diagnosed by CT scanning, are presented. The first case was a lipoma involving the midline of occiput to the bilateral occipital lobes through the skull defect. There was a calcified area in this tumor. The second case presented a generalized convulsive seizure as clinical manifestation, and the lipoma was found to be located in the corpus callosum. In the third case, the lipoma was located near the third ventricle and the tumor was found incidentally after head trauma. The first case was operated and the tumor was completely removed, the others were managed with symptomatic treatment. The literature on this rare tumor is reviewed and discussed.
Corpus Callosum ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Lipoma* ; Occipital Lobe ; Seizures ; Skull ; Third Ventricle ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

In order to study effect of corpus callosotomy for epileptic lesions located at sensory-motor cortex/cortices, changes in amplitude, frequency of background activity and frequency of abnormal discharges of postcallosotomy electroenencephalography(EEG) recordings were observed in the crystal penicillin induced epileptic models of rats. In control group of 10 rats, simple right(craniotomy was) done and needle electrodes were bilaterally inserted into parietal and occipital scalp, connected to EEG recording system. Experimentally induced epileptic group was obtained by instillation of 1-2 drops of crystal penicillin solution(800,000 IU/ml) at right parietal area(20 rats). Postcallosotomy group was consisted of the animals streotactically performed callosotomy with blunt ended stainless steel, sized 3 mm, width and 0.5 mm, thickness(20 rats). Preoprative and postoperative EEG recordings were obtained in each animals over 20 minates. The results were as follows; 1) Bialteral synchronous epileptic discharges were shown in experimetally induced epileptic group, which compared to control group. 2) Section of the corpus callosum caused the abolition of bilateral synchronous epileptic discharges, when compared to experimentally induced epileptic group. 3) Frequency of abnormal discharges in the contralteral hemisphere was more decreased than crystal penicillin-instillated lesion in postcallosotomy group. 4) The Background activity of postcallosotomy group was slower than control group. From the results of EEG analysis, corpus callosum might paly a important role in formation of bilateral synchronous discharges and callosotomy was seemed to be an effective method to control crystal penicillin induced epileptic rats, which had epileptic focus in sensory-motor cortex.
Animals ; Corpus Callosum ; Electrodes ; Electroencephalography ; Needles ; Penicillins ; Rabeprazole ; Rats* ; Scalp ; Seizures ; Stainless Steel

Chromosomally derived sterility has long been recognized. A review of the literature of somatic chromosome investigations in infertile males has shown that 13.7% of azoospermic males and 4.6% of oligozoospermic males have an abnormal karyotype. In the first group, sex chromosome abnormalities predominate (mainly 47,XXY), whereas in the latter, autosome anomalies (i.e. Robertsonian and reciprocal translocations) are the most frequent. A similar review on meiotic studies revealed that meiotic chromosome anomalies can explain male infertility in 4.3-40.4% of patients. Recently, fluorescent in-situ hybridization studies on spermatozoa from infertile men were published; it was suggested that both X-Y pairing and pairing of the autosomes were impaired, resulting in spermatogenic disruption. It is estimated that there are 2,000 genes that regulate spermatogenesis, most of these being present on the autosomes, but there are approximately 30 genes on the Y chromosome. In general, autosomal genes that regulate spermatogenesis are concerned with regulation of metabolic processes in other cells in the body as well as in the cells of spermatogenesis, whereas Y genes are not essential for vital functions related to reproduction. To be able to provide proper counseling for those couples whose male infertility can now be treated by intracytoplasmic sperm injection, it is suggested that clinical investigations should include mitotic and meiotic studies, an analysis of the chromosome content of individual spermatozoa and a DNA analysis of blood and spermatozoa to detect partially deleted Y chromosome material. We have experienced a case of azoospermia associated with inversion of chromosome 1. So we report this case with a brief review of literatures.
Abnormal Karyotype ; Azoospermia* ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1* ; Counseling ; DNA ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Infertility ; Infertility, Male ; Male ; Metabolism ; Reproduction ; Sex Chromosome Aberrations ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; Spermatogenesis ; Spermatozoa ; Y Chromosome

OBJECTIVE: Ventricular enlargement following head injury is a frequent finding but cases requiring shunt operation are rare. The incidence and developing factors of post-traumatic hydrocephalus (PTH) have been variously reported, but studies for factors influencing outcomes of shunt operation for PTH are rare. The incidence of PTH requiring shunt operation, causing injuries, and factors influencing outcome of shunt operation need to be identified. METHODS: In total, 1,142 patients suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI) between January 2007 and December 2012 were admitted to our department. Of them, 23 patients underwent shunt operation for diagnosed PTH. In this clinical study, we reviewed retrospectively our TBI database and in the 23 patients, we evaluated outcomes with Glasgow Outcome Score just before the operation, at 14 days, 3 months, and 6 months according to initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, interval time between shunt operation and trauma, and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure. RESULTS: The incidence of PTH treated with shunt operation was 2.01%. Subdural hematoma (SDH) was the most common preceding head injury. The outcomes of shunt operation were not related with lumbar CSF pressure or interval time from trauma, but initial GCS score correlated with the outcome. CONCLUSION: In present study, 2.01% of TBI patients underwent shunt operation. SDH was the most common preceding injury. Admission GCS score was related to the outcome of shunt operation. However, there were no correlation between the outcome of shunt operation and initial lumbar CSF pressure or interval time of shunt operation after the trauma.
Brain Injuries* ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Hematoma, Subdural ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus* ; Incidence ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

The familial occurrence of bilateral acoustic neuroma has rarely been reported in the literatures, and its inheritance is known to be an autosomal dominant trait in association with or without von Recklinghausen's disease. Recently, we experienced an unusual case of bilateral acoustic neuroma, which was familially occurred in mother and her son. A 18-year-old Korean boy was referred to us due to bilateral hearing disturbance and staggering gait of one year duration. There were no stigmata of von Recklinghausen's disease. Neurological examination, simple skull films and vertebral angiograms revealed various evidences of bilateral cerebellopontine angle tumors. At operation, a hen egg-sized firm mass was subtotally removed at the left cerebellopontine angle region and a peanut-sized mass was totally removed at the right cerebellopontine angle region via suboccipital craniectomy. The histological diagnosis was neurofibroma. In family history, 13 years ago his mother was operated on C6-7 neurofibroma at her age of 28 years, and again operated on bilateral acoustic tumors 2 years later. The histological diagnosis was also neurofibroma.
Acoustics* ; Adolescent ; Cerebellopontine Angle ; Christianity ; Diagnosis ; Gait ; Hearing ; Humans ; Male ; Mothers ; Neurofibroma ; Neurofibromatosis 1 ; Neurologic Examination ; Neuroma, Acoustic* ; Skull ; Wills

A 20-year-old male patient was admitted to this hospital because of headache and high fever on October 10, 1974. He has insidiously develope frontal headache and high fever for these 10 days, followed by vomiting, convulsions, aphasia and motor weakness on the left extremities and subsequently fell into semicomatose state. Hemogram showed marked leukocytosis, 22500/mm3, and cerebrospinal fluid cell count revealed increased leukocyte, 1210/mm3. Simple skull Roentgenograms showed no significant abnormalities except for suspicious haziness on the left frontal sinus. Carotid angiogram showed distal shift of the anterior cerebral artery, medial displacement of the middle cerebral artery and small avascular area on the left temporo-parietal area. Brain scan showed high activities on the entire left cereral hemisphere. On October 12, 1974 a large fronto-temporo-parietal osteoplastic craniotomy was done. Yellowith green, foul odored pus gushed out from the subdural space of the entire operating fields. Preteus mirabilis was isolated in pus culture. He was discharged with good recovery two months later.
Anterior Cerebral Artery ; Aphasia ; Brain ; Cell Count ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Craniotomy ; Empyema, Subdural* ; Extremities ; Fever ; Frontal Sinus ; Headache ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; Leukocytosis ; Male ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Mirabilis ; Odors ; Seizures ; Skull ; Subdural Space ; Suppuration ; Vomiting ; Young Adult