A total of 150women with singleton pregnancies who were delivered between 37 and 42weeks gestation had ultrasound scans on elective cesarean section day. The biparietal diameter(BPD), head circumference(HC), abdominal circumference(AC) and femur length(FL) were measured in all cases. Equations of estimated fetal body weight(BWT) for Korean term fetuses using AC alone, BPD/AC, AC/FL, HC/AC/FL, BPD/AC/FL, BPD/HC/AC/FL were made by stepwise multiple regression analysis and were compared with foreign equations such as Campbell(AC), Shepard(BPD/AC), Hadlock I(AC/FL), Hadlock II(HC/AC/FL), Hadlock III(BPD/AC/FL), and Hadlock IV(BPD/HC/AC/FL). The results were as follows. 1. The equations of BWT by sonographic measurement were Equation1 (AC) logeBWT=6.105936+0.005957X(AC) (R=0.876) Equation2 (BPD,AC)logeBWT=6.53614548+0.00004963X(ACXBPD) (R=0.929) Equation3 (AC,FL) logeBWT=6.25336442+0.00751602X(FL)+0.00005155X(ACXFL) (R=0.950) Equation4(HC,AC,FL) logeBWT=6.39631346+0.00004823X(ACXFL)+0.00002023X(FLXHC) (R=0.953) Equation5(BPD,AC,FL) logeBWT=5.99934074+0.00871394X(BPD)+0.00005132X(ACXFL) (R=0.960) 2. When BPD, AC and FL were measured, the addition of HC didn,t affected to accuracy of EFW 3. The best results of all equations were obtained with our equation 5(Mean error=2.36gm, Mean absolute error=96.39gm, Mean deviation + SD(%)=0.07+0.37) and among foreign equations, the best results were with Hadlock III equation(Mean error=18.35gm, Mean absolute error=107.82gm, Mean deviation + SD(%)=-0.46+0.42) 4. The equations using AC/FL (our equation 3, Hadlock I) are more accurate than those using BPD/AC (our equatione 2, Shepard) when utilizing two parameters. Therefore, equation using AC/FL is recommended when the BPD is unobtainable at term or labor 5. The percentage of cases in which the EFW was within +5% and +200gm of the actual birth weight was highest at our equation 5 for 82% and 89%, Hadlock IV equation for 79%, 88%. 6. Our equations had relatively an equal tendency to under- and overestimate fetal weight, but foreign equations, especially Campbell and Hadlock II equations tended to underestimate. 7. Analysing according to actual birth weight, our all equations gave the most accurate estimates of fetal weigh for birth weight group between 3000-3499gm, but for birth weight group above 3500gm, that was not. At birthweight group above 3500gm, the equations depend on femur length are more accurate than the equations independ on fumr length.
Birth Weight ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Femur ; Fetal Weight* ; Fetus ; Head ; Pregnancy ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the effects of family type and sociodemographic factors on medical treatment, health behavior, and subjective health status in Koreans 60 years and older. METHODS: This study was based on data from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), a nationwide health interview survey using a rolling sampling design involving complex, stratified, multistage, probability cluster. Our subjects included those > or =60 years of age (n=1,946) participating in the KNHANES 2010. Family type was categorized into 7 groups according to cohabitation: alone, couple cohabitation (living with a spouse), parent(s) cohabitation (couple living with parent(s)), offspring cohabitation (no spouse, living with offspring), couple offspring cohabitation (couple living with offspring), couple offspring parents cohabitation (couple living with parent(s) and offspring), and others. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association of family type and sociodemographic factors with health care. RESULTS: The most common family type was couple cohabitation (38.26+/-1.8%). In this group, the percentage of non-receipt of needed medical care (odds ratio [OR], 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42 to 0.87) and current smoking rate (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.50) were significantly lower than those living alone. Among the sociodemographic charicteristics, male gender, apartment dwelling, high middle household income, 2 member family, education higher than middle school, and possessing own house were associated with good health care behavior. CONCLUSION: This study shows that couples have better health care behavior than other family types, in particular, limited smoking, appropriate medical treatment, and positive subjective health status. Those living alone visit medical clinics less often and have a negative subjective health status.
Delivery of Health Care ; Family Characteristics ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Nutrition Surveys ; Parents ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Spouses

Background: Postmenopausal status increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, and C-reactive protein (CRP) constitutes an independent cardiovascular risk factor. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with increased high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) level in postmenopausal women. Methods: We included postmenopausal women without laboratory test results that suggested acute inflammation who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2016 and 2017. The participants were divided into high and low hs-CRP groups (cutoff value, 3.0 mg/L). We investigated factors that influenced the hs-CRP level with logistic regression analysis. Results: The total number of subjects was 2,739, of whom 76.4% had low hs-CRP levels and 23.6% had high hs-CRP levels. The mean age and body mass index were higher in the high than in the low hs-CRP group. In the simple logistic regression analysis, high hs-CRP level was associated with smoking, whereas low hs-CRP level was associated with aerobic exercise, use of oral contraceptives, and history of pregnancy in postmenopausal women. When the analysis was adjusted for confounding variables, histories of smoking and pregnancy had a statistically significant association with high hs-CRP level. Conclusion This study showed that the important modifiable risk factors of elevated hs-CRP level in postmenopausal women of Korea include obesity, smoking, and lack of aerobic exercise, but well-controlled prospective investigations should be considered.

To investigate the effects of maternal hyperthermia on early odontogenesis,pregnant Hsp70 knock-out and wild type mice at embryonic day (ED)8.5 were immersed in a 43 degrees C water bath until their core body temperature reached that temperature,and then given a further 5 min of hyperthermia.Untreated Hsp70 WT mice fetuses were used as the control group.Fetuses were collected at EDs 13.5,15.5 and 17.5.Developing teeth in the mandible were processed for histological and immunohistochemical studies.Tissue sections were immunostained for FGF-8 and FGF -4 and observed using light microscopy.In the controls, FGF-8 immunolocalization was observed in cells within the dental lamina and in apically located dental epithelium at ED 13.5.However,a few cells were immunopositive in the heat shocked (HS)group.At EDs 15.5 and 17.5 of the control group,the basal lamina adjacent to the dental pulp showed positive immunostaining.In contrast,most of the dental epithelium was immunopositive at ED 15.5 in the HS group and inner and outer dental epithelial cells were continuously immunopositive by ED 17.5.FGF-4 immunolocalization was found in apical dental epithelium at ED 13.3 in the control group,but no such positive reaction was observed in the HS group.At ED 15.5 in the controls,basal lamina and dental epithelium near the cervical loop were immunopositive.In contrast,early cap-stage teeth had cells near the mouth of the dental bud and cervical loop that were immunopositive to FGF-4 in the HS group.In controls at ED 17.5,cells near the future secondary enamel knot were immunopositive,whereas most of the dental epithelium except for cells in the mouth of the dental lamina was negative in the HS group.Thus,maternal hyperthermia may inhibit normal odontogenesis through sustained production of FGF-8 and downregulation of FGF-4.
Animals ; Basement Membrane ; Baths ; Body Temperature ; Dental Enamel ; Dental Pulp ; Down-Regulation ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Fetus* ; Fever* ; Hot Temperature ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mandible ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout* ; Mouth ; Odontogenesis* ; Shock ; Tooth

Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is inherited as an X linked recessive trait. This disor der is characterized by hypotrichosis, hypodontia and hypohidrosis. The diagnosis is often delayed until the first or second year of life, after repeated episodes of potentially damaging high fever. In the newborn period, the diagnosis is more difficult, but early diagnosis is of importance in ensuring that the appropriate enivironment and medical measures be taken to avoid uncontrolled hyperthermia. We have experienced a case of anhidrotic ectoclermal dysplasia in an8-day-old male patient who showed charecteristic features including hypotrichosis, peeling or scaling of the skin, recurrent fever and a characteristic face. A skin biopsy from the right palm revealed no sweat gland strutures. A brief rview with related literature is also presented.
Anodontia ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Ectodermal Dysplasia* ; Fever ; Humans ; Hypohidrosis ; Hypotrichosis ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Skin ; Sweat Glands

Many natural medicines have been studied for their capacity and effects of anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and regenerative potential in periodontal tissues. Safflower seed has been traditionally used as a drug for treatment of bone fracture in oriental medicine. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of safflower seed extract and bone substitute on bone formation and regeneration in artificial defects in mongrel dogs. The bony defects were made with round bur at mandible and tibia. Extracts of safflower seed and bovine bone were placed directly at each defect for experimental group, and the defect of control group was sutured without any other treatment. Experimental animals were sacrificed at 8 weeks. And then histopathologic reading and histomorphometric study was done. There was not significant differences between control and experimental groups in osteoclastic activity and infiltration of inflammatory cells. However, new capillary proliferation, fibrosis and new bone formation were prominent in safflower seed extract group. The mandibular defects of safflower seed extract group were healed with dense connective and bony tissues, and endochondral bone formation was observed in tibial defect of safflower seed extract group only. New bone area of safflower seed extract group was more significantly increased than that of control and that of bone substitute group. These results indicate that direct local application of safflower seed extracts on bony defects seems to reduces the early inflammatory response and to promotes the bone regeneration.
Animals ; Bone Regeneration ; Bone Substitutes ; Capillaries ; Carthamus tinctorius* ; Dogs* ; Fibrosis ; Fractures, Bone ; Mandible ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; Osteoclasts ; Osteogenesis ; Regeneration* ; Tibia

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the differences in maxillomandibular transverse measurements at either the crown or the estimated center of resistance (CR), and to compare values between normal occlusion and Class III malocclusion groups. METHODS: Dental casts and computed tomography (CT) data from 30 individuals with normal occlusion and 30 with skeletal Class III malocclusions were evaluated. Using the casts, dental arch widths (DAWs) were measured from the cusp tips, and basal arch widths (BAWs-cast) were measured as the distance between the points at the mucogingival junction adjacent to the respective cusp tips. The BAWs determined from CT (BAWs-CT) images were measured from the estimated CRs of the teeth. RESULTS: None of the DAW measurements or maxillomandibular DAW differences showed statistically significant intergroup differences. In contrast, the maxillary BAWs-CT and BAWs-cast were lesser in the Class III malocclusion group than in the normal occlusion group. The mandibular BAWs-CT were significantly greater in the Class III malocclusion group than in the normal occlusion group. Moreover, the maxillomandibular BAW differences on both CT and cast showed significant intergroup differences in all transverse measurements. CONCLUSIONS: The maxillomandibular DAW differences showed no significant intergroup differences. In contrast, the maxillomandibular BAW differences on both CT and cast showed significant intergroup differences in all transverse measurements. The maxillomandibular BAW differences at the estimated CRs, measured using CT or casts, can reveal underlying transverse maxillary basal arch deficiencies in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusions.
Crowns ; Dental Arch ; Humans ; Malocclusion* ; Tooth

PURPOSE: Paclitaxel (P) and gemcitabine (G) are clinically synergistic in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). We evaluated the efficacy of PG as a salvage treatment for SCLC patients whose disease progressed after a platinum-containing regimen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eligibility included histologically confirmed SCLC, one dimensionally measurable disease, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-2, and progressive disease after platinum-based chemotherapy. Treatment consisted of P (80 mg/m2) and G (1,000 mg/m2) on days 1 and 8 of each cycle of 21 days until disease progression. RESULTS: Thirty-three patients seen between December 2005 and February 2009 were selected into this study. Thirty patients (91%) had received irinotecan-platinum, and three had received etoposide-platinum. Sixteen patients (49%) had a treatment-free interval of less than 3 months. The overall response rate was 30.3% (29.4% in sensitive relapse and 31.3% in refractory relapse). The median time to progression was 12.0 weeks and median overall survival (OS) 31.0 weeks, with a 1-year OS rate of 30.3%. Toxicities were moderate and manageable with 18.2% grade (G) 4 neutropenia, 24.2% G3 thrombocytopenia, 6.1% G3 sensory neuropathy, and 3% G3 asthenia. One patient developed febrile neutropenia. CONCLUSION: Second-line paclitaxel and gemcitabine were well-tolerated and moderately active in SCLC patients previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy.
Asthenia ; Disease Progression ; Drug Therapy ; Febrile Neutropenia ; Humans ; Neutropenia ; Paclitaxel* ; Recurrence ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma* ; Thrombocytopenia

BACKGROUND: Income is a major socioeconomic index, and low household income is known to negatively affect health. Nevertheless, there is a lack of research on the health status and health behavior of middle-aged and older women with low-income. This study aims to provide basic information on the health status and health behavior of low-income women, using data representative of South Koreans. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used data from the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Among the total of 8,018 respondents, 2,713 women aged 35 years or older were enrolled in the study. The subjects were classified by income status based on standard household income quartiles. RESULTS: The low-income group showed the lowest education levels and the highest unemployment rate (P<0.001). The percentage of smokers was the highest, while the frequency of exercise was the lowest in this group (P<0.001). The incidence of hyperlipidemia was highest (P=0.028), and they showed the highest body mass index, waist circumference (P<0.001), blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (P=0.018), and triglyceride level (P=0.03), as well as the lowest high density lipoprotein level (P=0.039), and the highest risk of cardiovascular diseases (P=0.002). Additionally, perceived health status was negative and quality of life was lowest among the groups (P<0.001). Although the enrollment rate for free health check-up services was highest (P=0.007), subscription to private health insurance, adult health check-ups, cancer screening rate were all lowest of the groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed a health gap among middle-aged and elderly women of low income, compared to higher income groups.
Adult ; Aged ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Education ; Family Characteristics* ; Fasting ; Female ; Health Behavior* ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Incidence ; Insurance, Health ; Korea ; Lipoproteins ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Triglycerides ; Unemployment ; Waist Circumference

PURPOSE: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is the standard care for stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients; however, a more effective regimen is needed to improve the outcome by better controlling occult metastases. We conducted two parallel randomized phase II studies to incorporate erlotinib or irinotecan-cisplatin (IP) into CCRT for stage III NSCLC depending on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with EGFR-mutant tumors were randomized to receive three cycles of erlotinib first and then either CCRT with erlotinib followed by erlotinib (arm A) or CCRT with IP only (arm B). Patients with EGFR unknown or wild-type tumors were randomized to receive either three cycles of IP before (arm C) or after CCRT with IP (arm D). RESULTS: Seventy-three patients were screened and the study was closed early because of slow accrual after 59 patients were randomized. Overall, there were seven patients in arm A, five in arm B, 22 in arm C, and 25 in arm D. The response rate was 71.4% and 80.0% for arm A and B, and 70.0% and 73.9% for arm C and D. The median overall survival (OS) was 39.3 months versus 31.2 months for arm A and B (p=0.442), and 16.3 months versus 25.3 months for arm C and D (p=0.050). Patients with sensitive EGFR mutations had significantly longer OS than EGFR-wild patients (74.8 months vs. 25.3 months, p=0.034). There were no unexpected toxicities. CONCLUSION: Combined-modality treatment by molecular diagnostics is feasible in stage III NSCLC. EGFR-mutant patients appear to be a distinct subset with longer survival.
Arm ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Chemoradiotherapy* ; Cisplatin* ; Erlotinib Hydrochloride* ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pathology, Molecular ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor