Delayed cerebral vasospasm is the leading cause of death in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. A good in vivo animal model of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage helps to understand the occurrence, development of this cerebral vasospasm, and the complicated and various pathophysiological mechanisms. It will provide important information for clinical interventions

Objective To investigate the relevance of liver function and neurobehavior of offspring of SD rats ex-posed to sodium valproate in the second trimester. Methods 30 SD rats at 12. 5 d of pregnance were randomly di-vided into three groups: low-dose group (300 mg/kg VPA was injected into abdominal cavity), high-dose group (600 mg/kg VPA);control group (normal saline). The offspring of low-dose groupe were grouped as VPA-low-dose;the offspring of high-dose groupe were grouped as VPA-high-dose; and the offspring of control group were grouped as control group. Then, we tested the liver and neurological function of each group of offspring, respective-ly, and analyzed their relevance. Results The levels of serum total protein and albumin of the high-dose group were considerably lower than these of the low-dose group which were significantly lower than these of control group ( P<0. 01 for both total protein and albumin);the levels of ALT, AST and blood ammonia of the high dose group were drastically higher than these of the low dose group, which were dramatically higher than these of control group ( P<0. 01 ) . The duration and of stereotyped movement disorder in experimental group was markedly longer than this of the control group, while this of the high-dose group was notably longer than this of the low-dose group ( P<0. 01 );the frequency of the stereotyped movement disorder of experimental group was significantly more than this of the control group, while this of high-dose group was obviously more than this of the control group (P<0. 01). In the Morris water maze, the escape latency of the high-dose group was remarkably longer than this of low-dose group, which was observably longer than this of control group (P<0. 01);the swimming distance of the high-dose group was tremendously shorter than this of low-dose group, which was considerably shorter than this of control group ( P<0. 05 , P<0. 01 ) . Correlation analysis of liver function and neural behavior showed that the neurobe-havioral abnormalities were negatively correlated with level of total protein and albumin, and were positively related with the level of blood ammonia, ALT and AST ( P<0. 01 ) . Conclusion The VPA exposure in the second tri-mester leads to the decrement of serum albumin and total protein and to the increment of AIL, AST and blood am-monia;and it also causes the neurobehavioral abnormalities of offspring. The reduction of synthesis of liver albumin and the rise of ALT, AST and blood ammonia can influence the neurobehavioral abnormalities. And there were both of the factors which result in the neurobehavioral abnormalities of offspring exposured to VPA in the second trimes-ter.

The protein expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP-activated Cl(-) channel, in ovarian stimulated premature female rat ovary during a cycle of follicle development and corpus luteum formation was investigated. Animals were injected with 10 U pregnant Mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and subsequently 10 U hCG 48 h later. Time-dependent immunohistochemistry and Western blotting experiments were performed before and 24, 48, 72 h after hCG treatment. The immunohistochemistry revealed that administration of PMSG stimulated the CFTR expression in thecal cell layer and granulosa cell layer of mature follicles 48 h post injection, coincident with the PMSG-induced peak in follicular estradiol. However, the expression of CFTR in the granulose lutein cell layer and thecal lutein cell layer was time-dependently reduced following hCG injection, in accordance with the gradually increased progestogen level during luteum corpus formation. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that rat ovarian tissue expressed the special CFTR band at 170 kD. It is concluded that cAMP-dependent Cl(-) channels are involved in regulation of follicle development and luteum formation.
Connective Tissue Growth Factor/genetics ; Connective Tissue Growth Factor/*metabolism ; Connective Tissue Growth Factor/*physiology ; Corpus Luteum/growth & development ; Ovarian Follicle/growth & development ; Ovary/*metabolism ; Rats, Wistar

[Objective]This paper mainly introduced Professor YE Jin 's experience in treating girls with precocious puberty from liver syndrome differentiation and characteristics of prescription medication.[Methods] On account of three main symptoms of girls with precocious puberty at first visit, including thelarche, leukorrhea and menses, we explore the relation between liver and the causes of this disease from the viscera-state doctrine as well as the meridian theory. Then introduce Professor YE Jin's methods and empirical medication in treating girls with precocious puberty based on liver. In order to analyse her experience, a clinical case was reported. [Results]Professor YE holds that the pathogenesis of girl 's precociouss puberty closely related to liver. The deficiency of liver-yin and kidney-yin is the basic pathogenesis of precocious puberty, which is often accompanied with liver qi depression or even liver qi depression transforming into fire. On the basis of nourishing yin and purging fire, Professor YE emphasizes treating precocious puberty from liver. In practical terms, flexibly applying the ideas of softening, soothing and clearing liver can effectively improve the clinical symptoms. She makes the selection and compatibility of Chinese medicine comforming to the characteristics of children 's physiology and pathology and values the protection of vital energy. The reported case specifically demonstrates treating a girl 's thelarche from liver syndrome differentiation as well as the empiric therapy. [Conclusion]Professor YE Jin's experience in treating girls with precocious puberty is well worth learning for its significant curative effect.

Periodontal ligament stem cells(PDLSCs) are not only the crucial type of cells in maintaining dynamic homeostasis and wound repair of periodontal tissues but also the basis for novel therapeutic strategy for periodontal regeneration.Although possessing the excellent proliferation and differentiation ability,PDLSCs behave differently under various conditions representative of several influential factors.Understanding of these influential factors will help us to exploit more about PDLSCs,and more importantly,lead a new modality in treating periodontal diseases based on stem cells.Here we review multiple important factors affecting function of PDLSCs and propose its use in future regenerative therapy of periodontal defects.

Objective To assess the relationship between anterior-inferior glenohumeral instability and glenoid version.Methods Both shoulders in 24 patients with unilateral anterior-inferior glenohumeral instability were scanned with multiplanar spiral CT scanner(MSCT).The scapula and the humerus were reconstructed by the volume rendering technique and multiplanar reformation in 4 slices on axial plane from glenoid top to its bottom.The scapular glenoid version angles of 24 patients were measured bilaterally in 4 levels,and compared bilaterally by statistic analysis.Results From the top to the bottom,the scapular glenoid version angle in the side with anterior-inferior glenohumeral instability was respectively(-15.24?10.18)?,(-8.22?8.47)?,(-2.88?4.56)? and(-2.49?6.43)?,while the angle in the healthy side was respectively(-15.07?12.11)?,(-10.63?7.25)?,(-6.04?3.61)? and(-5.26?3.02)?.Only the difference at the 4th plane was significant between the healthy side and the affected side(P

Objective To evaluate the effects of recombinant human growth hormone(r- hGH)replacement therapy on glucose metabolism in children with growth hormone deficiency(GHD) Methods Replacement therapy with domestic r - hGH was done in 15 children with GHD for 3 months. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin .releasing test (IRT) were performed before and after 3 months of r-hGH replacement therapy. Venous blood was sampled before and 30,60,120 min after glucose load for measurements of plasma glucose (PG) and insulin (INS).Results OGTT were normal in 15 patients before treatment. After 3 months of r-hGH therapy, fasting plasma glucose remained unchanged, but PG 30 min(P

What is education is a masterpiece on education of karl Jaspers,which gives a profound impact on Germany and the world's education.This paper makes an analysis about it on the basis of the essence of education,philosophical base,teacher- student relationship,university idea and so on,and makes a further efforts to point out that this viewpoint will have deep inspira- tion to the teaching method reform we are now promoting.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of mini -plate and kuntscher pin fixation in the treatment of metacarpus and phalange fracture.Methods 113 FMB and FPB patients were divided into OSG (58 patients)and CTG(585patients)group according to random number table.Statistics of postoperative recovery and complications in the two groups were collected and analyzed after research.Results In 58 patients of OSG group,the total active bending from 2 -5 metacarpophalangeal joints to phalangeal joints of 28 cases(48.28%,χ2 =8.562,P =0.035 )were beyond 220°,19 cases (32.76%,χ2 =8.935,P =0.024)were between 180 -220°, 11 cases (51.72%,χ2 =9.365,P =0.012)were less than 180°.The total active bending fromthumb metacarpopha-langeal articulation to interphalangeal joint of 30 cases (51.72%,χ2 =9.365,P =0.012)were beyond 220°, 18 cases (31.03%,χ2 =8.747,P =0.009)were between 180 -220°,10 cases (17.24%,χ2 =8.932,P =0.041) were less than 180°(P <0.05).Conclusion AO Mini -plates surgical method has advantage of parking position accuracy,dissection stable fixation,functional recovery soon and less complication in the treatment of FMB and FPB patients,which is worthy of promotion.

Objective To investigate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV 1)specific CD8'T cell responses and related human leukocyte antigenⅠ(HLA-I)restriction sites.Methods Four Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)strains-transformed B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (BLCL)from periph eral blood monocytes (PBMC)of 4 healthy individuals were established.Using synthesized peptides in HIV-1 Gag,Vif and Nef regions as epitopes and using BLCL as antigen presenting cells (APC), the frequency of interferon-7(IFN-?)secreting cells in CD8 T cells from a HIV-infected long term nonprogressor by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT)assay in vitro were assessed.Moreover, matching analysis of HI.A-Ⅰrestriction sites were performed.Results HIV-1 epitopes were presen ted restrictively by HLA-Ⅰmolecules in specific CD8 T cell responses,and this antigen presenting had high specificity.HLA-Ⅰrestriction sitesA03,A26,C04andC08 contributed to presentepitopes in HIV-1 C-ag region,A03 and C08 to HIV-1 Nef as well.Conclusion HLA-Ⅰrestriction sites may include A03,A26,C04 and C08 in HIV-1 Gag region,and A03,C08 in Nef region.