The present study addressed the risk factors in early life for Korean preschool children that are associated with being overweight or obese.

Objectives: Identifying the factors associated with prediabetes is necessary for the early detection and management of high-risk individuals with prediabetes. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors associated with prediabetes according to sex in Korean adults. Methods: Using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2015 to 2019, a total of 13,595 adults (5,565 males and 8,030 females) aged ≥20 years were included in the data analysis. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with prediabetes according to sex in Korean adults. Results: In both males and females, age and a family history of type 2 diabetes were associated with prediabetes. In males, current and past smoking habits were associated with increased prediabetes. In addition, low-intensity physical activity and prolonged sedentary behavior were associated with a higher prevalence of prediabetes. Females with a lower education level (less than middle school graduation) showed a higher risk of prediabetes. Conclusion Sex-specific prevention strategies for prediabetes should be developed. In addition, older individuals and those with a family history of type 2 diabetes should be screened for prediabetes.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe breastfeeding knowledge, attitude and nursing practice of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses. METHODS: Survey methodology using a self administered questionnaire was employed as the research design. A total of 153 questionnaires from 7 university hospital NICUs in Seoul, Daejeon, and Daegu were used for data analysis. RESULTS: The percentage of correct answers on the breastfeeding knowledge questions for the NICU nurses was 59.3%. The nurses in NICU reported a somewhat positive attitude to breastfeeding, mean per item 3.70+/-0.41 on a scale of 5 points. Their breastfeeding nursing practice was at a moderate level, mean per item, 3.26+/-0.74. Breastfeeding knowledge had significant correlations with breastfeeding attitude (r=.554, p<.001) and nursing practice (r=.203, p=.002). Also, There was a significant correlation between breastfeeding attitude and nursing practice (r=.243, p=.002). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that breastfeeding educational programs and strategies for NICU nurses should be developed to increase their breastfeeding knowledge, attitude, and nursing practice.
Breast Feeding ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Nursing, Practical ; Research Design ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate gender differences in the association between depressive symptoms and weight, weight perception, and body satisfaction among Korean adolescents. METHODS: A secondary data analysis was performed on data from 33,374 adolescents who participated in the 2015 Adolescent Health Behavior Online Survey. They were classified as underweight, normal weight, or overweight/obese; weight perception was classified into perception of being underweight, normal weight, or overweight/obese; and weight satisfaction into desire to gain weight, satisfied, and desire to lose weight. RESULTS: Among boys, perception of being underweight (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07~1.35) and desire to gain weight (AOR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.30~1.62) were associated with depression. Among girls, perception of being overweight or obese (AOR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.07~1.29) and a desire to lose weight (AOR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.18~1.42) were associated with depression. CONCLUSION: Gender differences were observed in the association between weight perception and depression in adolescents. The perception of being underweight among boys and the perception of being overweight/overweight among girls were associated with depression. Thus, gender-specific intervention programs to correct weight perception and weight satisfaction are needed in order to relieve depressive symptoms in adolescents.
Adolescent Health ; Adolescent* ; Body Weight ; Depression* ; Female ; Humans ; Ideal Body Weight ; Odds Ratio ; Overweight ; Statistics as Topic ; Thinness ; Weight Perception*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the correlates of maternal perception (identification and satisfaction) of children's weight, maternal body shape satisfaction, and maternal feeding styles in Korean preschool-aged children. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey design was utilized. Participants consisted of 287 pairs of preschool-aged children (3-6 years) and their mothers. Data were analyzed by chi2-test, Fisher's exact test, ANOVA, and the Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Among the 287 mothers, 47.7% underestimated their children's weight, while 15.7% overestimated it. 46.7% of the mothers wished their children weighed more, while 11.1% of them wished their children weighed less. The mean score of maternal body shape satisfaction was 83.75+/-28.77. The mean score of parent-centered feeding styles was 2.95+/-0.54, and the mean score of child-centered feeding styles was 3.33+/-0.42. There were statistically significant correlations between maternal identification of children's weight and children's body mass index (BMI) (r=-.366, p<.001). In addition, there were statistically significant correlations between maternal satisfaction of children's weight and children's BMI (r=-.484, p<.001), maternal BMI (r=-.126, p=.033), and maternal body shape satisfaction (r=-.127, p=.031). CONCLUSION: The results of the study suggest that intervention programs for mothers to develop more accurate perception of their child's weight should be established.
Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Child* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Mothers

PURPOSE: This study was done to develop a video discharge education program focusing on mother-infant interaction to facilitate the development of maternal role confidence for mothers of premature infants. METHODS: The process of the program was based on the Network-based Instructional System Design suggested by Jung (1999). For the content of the program, needs and concerns of mothers of premature infants found on web sites and existing literature were analyzed. Based on this content, the scenario and the video were developed. Nurses and mothers of premature infants participated in the process of testing the content validity, scenario development, and evaluation of final video production. The final video has two parts and lasts 21 minutes. The first part focuses on mother-premature infant interaction and the second part focuses on health management of infants. RESULTS: Eleven mothers of premature infants participated in the evaluation of the appropriateness of the video as a teaching method and for educational content. They reported that the content on mother-infant interaction, maternal sensitivity, and maternal role confidence was especially beneficial. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that video program is effective for education on maternal-premature infant interaction and the use of video in practical settings is strongly recommended.
Adult ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Infant Care ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Male ; *Mother-Child Relations ; Mothers/*psychology ; Program Development ; Program Evaluation ; *Video Recording

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore maternal physical activity support for preschool children. METHODS: Survey methodology using a self-administered questionnaire was employed. Mothers with preschool children from a daycare center in Daejeon participated in the study. One hundred and fifty-six questionnaires were analyzed. RESULTS: Mothers with preschool children showed a moderate level of physical activity support for their children. Significant factors affecting physical activity support of mothers were monthly household income (beta=.417, p=.002), maternal self-efficacy for physical activity support (beta=.231, p=.003), information for physical activity support (beta=.173, p=.022), and experience of education about physical activity support (beta=.237, p=.002). These variables explained 26.4% of the variance in physical activity support (F=7.628, p<.001). CONCLUSION: To improve maternal support for increasing physical activity of preschool children, maternal education and appropriate information should be provided to improve self-efficacy for physical activity support.
Child ; Child, Preschool* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Education ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Methods ; Mothers ; Motor Activity* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Purpose: This study aims to determine whether breastfeeding may have any beneficial effects onmetabolic syndrome in a cohort of postmenopausal Korean women. Methods: A cross-sectional study with secondary data analysis was conducted using the cohort in theKorean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Data from 1,983 postmenopausal women were analyzed bylogistic regression analysis. Controlled covariates were chosen based on a biopsychosocial model andincluded age, family history of hypertension; type 2 diabetes mellitus; and cerebro-cardiovascular diseases,body mass index, age of menarche, parity, socioeconomic status of family, educational level, past orcurrent smoking experience, and current alcohol consumption experience. Results: Breastfeeding experience and duration were not significantly associated with a decreasedlikelihood of metabolic syndrome among postmenopausal women. However, breastfeeding experience(adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.52 [p= .010]) and a total duration of breastfeeding exceeding3 months were significantly associated with decreased likelihood of abdominal obesity (3and < 6 months: AOR: 0.49 [p= .014]; 6 and < 12 months: AOR: 0.51 [p= .009]; <12 months: AOR:0.56 [p= .024]). Conclusion Our findings indicate that breastfeeding might have beneficial effects on reducing abdominalobesity in postmenopausal women. Health-care providers should publicize beneficial long-term effectsof breastfeeding on the prevention of abdominal obesity, a component of metabolic syndrome.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a mobile-based maternal feeding education program for overweight prevention in infants based on breastfeeding attitude, breastfeeding self-efficacy, breastfeeding duration, recognition of hunger and satiety cues of infants, and knowledge regarding providing solids foods. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used for the study. Participants included 15 primiparas in the experimental group and 14 primiparas in the control group in all the follow-up tests. Using self-reported questionnaires in electronic format, data were collected four times (before the intervention, 1 month after childbirth, 3 months after childbirth, and 6 months after childbirth). Using SPSS 24 version, independent t-test and repeated-measures analysis of variance were used to test the effects of the mobile-based maternal feeding education program. Results: The experimental group showed significantly more positive breastfeeding attitude (F = 5.28, p = .008), higher breastfeeding self-efficacy (F = 3.50, p = .041), and increased breastfeeding duration (t = −2.09, p = .046) than the control group. In addition, the experimental group showed significantly improved knowledge regarding providing solid foods to the infants (F = 4.86, p = .009) in comparison with the control group. However, for education on recognizing hunger and satiety cues of infants, the mobile-based maternal feeding education program was not effective (F = 0.23, p = .878). Conclusion According to the results of this study, the mobile-based maternal feeding education program has the potential to contribute to overweight prevention in infants.

Purpose: This study aims to determine whether breastfeeding may have any beneficial effects onmetabolic syndrome in a cohort of postmenopausal Korean women. Methods: A cross-sectional study with secondary data analysis was conducted using the cohort in theKorean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Data from 1,983 postmenopausal women were analyzed bylogistic regression analysis. Controlled covariates were chosen based on a biopsychosocial model andincluded age, family history of hypertension; type 2 diabetes mellitus; and cerebro-cardiovascular diseases,body mass index, age of menarche, parity, socioeconomic status of family, educational level, past orcurrent smoking experience, and current alcohol consumption experience. Results: Breastfeeding experience and duration were not significantly associated with a decreasedlikelihood of metabolic syndrome among postmenopausal women. However, breastfeeding experience(adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.52 [p= .010]) and a total duration of breastfeeding exceeding3 months were significantly associated with decreased likelihood of abdominal obesity (3and < 6 months: AOR: 0.49 [p= .014]; 6 and < 12 months: AOR: 0.51 [p= .009]; <12 months: AOR:0.56 [p= .024]). Conclusion Our findings indicate that breastfeeding might have beneficial effects on reducing abdominalobesity in postmenopausal women. Health-care providers should publicize beneficial long-term effectsof breastfeeding on the prevention of abdominal obesity, a component of metabolic syndrome.