Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has been widely used in the clinic because of the benefit of high spatial and temporal resolution, and the excellent anatomical tissue contrast. Cancer-targeted MR molecular imaging comprises 3 major components: a relevant molecular target which is specifically highly expressed on the membrane of the cancer cell; a target specific imaging probe which is composed of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle coreconjugated target specific ligand such as antibody, peptide, and molecules; MR imaging hardware and software which are sensitive to the imaging probe. Among the various molecular targets, HER2/neu receptor antibody, folic acid, and arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) are well known targeting ligands. The sensitivity of the cancer-targeted MR imaging is affected by the magnetic susceptibility of the T2 contrast agent, resolution of the image, targeting efficiency of the imaging probe, and image acquisition pulse sequence. Recently, successful cancer-targeted MR imaging with T1 contrast agent and cancer-specific molecular MR imaging using innate contrast of the cancer cell by chemical exchange phenomenon without using the imaging probe has been introduced. Cancer-targeted MR molecuar imaging is a robust diagnostic method to detect cancer at the cellular stage of the cancer development and it would help improve early detection rate of the cancer.
Ferric Compounds ; Folic Acid ; Iron ; Ligands ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Magnetics ; Magnets ; Membranes ; Molecular Imaging ; Nanoparticles

Plain radrographs of thirty nine patients with giant cell tumor of long bone and CT scans of twenty patients among the thirty patients were reviewed retrospectively to evaluate the frequency and significance of sclerosis of the tumor margin. The sclerosis of the tumor margin was observed on plain radiographs in thirteen patients(33.3%) and they were located either on epiphyseal or on both epiphyseal or metaphyseal portion of the tumor. The authors concluded that the giant cell tumor should not be excluded from the differential entities eventhough the tumor has the marginal sclerosis.
Diagnosis, Differential* ; Giant Cell Tumors* ; Giant Cells* ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Sclerosis* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Adenosine Triphosphatases* ; Animals ; Langerhans Cells* ; Mice* ; Oxygen*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the optimal pulse sequences in the detection of erosions and for the discrimination of theeffusion from pannus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR studies were performed in thirteen patients with clinical diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. We used a 1.5T MR unit with single or dual 3 inch coil. We compared coronal images at the same location, obtained with pulse sequences of T2, T2 with fat saturation, and postcontrast T1 with fat suppression. Erosions were assessed by comparing the count of the numbers of erosions depending on each imaging method. A four point scoring systems was used for the comparison of conspicuitof lesion. RESULTS: T2WI with fat suppression and postcontreat T1WI with fat suppresison were better than conventional T2WI in the detection of erosions. The pannus had a heterogeneous signal on T2WI, some of which were enhanced after the intravenous injection of MR contrast a gents. CONCLUSION: We suggest that the fat suppression TIWI with enhacnement or the fat suppression T2WI were better than conventional T2WI for detecting both bone erosion and pannus. The postcontrast MR imaging may often be helpul in distinguishing pannus from the effusion.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid* ; Diagnosis ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Wrist*

Annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma(AEGC(3) has been called as atypical necrcibiosis lipoidica, Mieschers granuloma of the face and scalp, and actinic granu- Joma and needs differen(iation from granuloma annulare, elastosis perforans serpiginosa and nerrobiosis lipoidica. We report a case of AECCG occurring in a 53-year-old male. The patient. had an annular erythematous plaque measuring 4 cm in diameter with serpiginous raised edges and slightly atrophic centers on the right forearm for 5 years. The histopathologic finding showed patchy dermal infiltration of lymphocytes, histiocytes, and multinucleated giant cells engulfing elastic fibers. The. skin lesion cleared after intrader mal injection cf cortieosteroids.
Actins ; Elastic Tissue ; Forearm ; Giant Cells* ; Granuloma ; Granuloma Annulare ; Granuloma, Giant Cell* ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Scalp ; Skin

PURPOSE: To establish signal intensity characteristics of the trachea according to the histologic layers, we performed in vivo and in vitro MR studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed MR imaging of the trachea at 1.5T unit in 11 patients mediastinal masses, vascular anomalies, tracheal stenosis or iatrogenic tracheoesophageal fistula, aryepiglottic fold thickening or mass, tracheal carcinoid, one healthy volunteer and one cadaveric trachea. By using anterior, volume neck or 3 inch dual coil with various pulse sequences, axial and coronal images of the trachea were obtained. The tracheal layers with different signal intensity on MR images were correlated with the histology. RESULTS: In vivo and in vitro MR studies revealed two layers of the trachea ;the inner layer had intermediate to high signal and the outer had low signal. The tracheal cartilage showed low signal intensity in all pulse sequences. The submucosa appeared as intermediate signal intensity on T1 weighted images but high signal intersity on other images due to its abundant mucous and mucoserous glands. However, the mucosa and perichondrium could not be defined on MR images. CONCLUSION: Characterization of the signal intensity according to the histologic layers of the trachea might be helpful for the evaluation of intrinsic lesions of the irachea or the possibility of tracheal invasion from the adjacent tumors.
Cadaver ; Carcinoid Tumor ; Cartilage ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Mucous Membrane ; Neck ; Trachea ; Tracheal Stenosis ; Tracheoesophageal Fistula

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Spondylitis*

Tuberculosis remains high incidental disease in Korea with an estimated incidence of 2.5% in generalpopulation. Among the tuberculosis of bone, spinal tuberculosis is high incidence and curable disease, but earlytreatment demands early diagnosis. Authors reviewed clinical aspects of 376 cases, and reviewed conventional filmsof 74 cases and CT of 8 cases, confirmed histopathologically as spinal tuberculosis from Jan. 1976 to May 1985 atYonsei medical center, Yonsei University. The results were as follows: 1. The frequent site of involvement werelower thoracic and lumbar vertebra, 4th lumbar vertebra was the most common lesion site among them. 2. Theseperated lesions were 10.2% among spinal lesion. 3. The most common type and pattern of bone density wasintervertebral type and mixed pattern each other. 4. Paravertebral abscess, kyphosis and narrowing ofintervertebral disc space were discovered more than 80% in reviewed conventional films. 5. In children, there isno predilection site. 6. Spinal CT was more accurate diagnostic method than conventional study in the evaluationof following aspects: 1) extent of lesion 2) degree of spinal canal involvement 3) changes of surrounding organ.
Abscess ; Bone Density ; Child ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Kyphosis ; Methods ; Spinal Canal ; Spine ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Spinal

In Bureger's angiographic findings are not pathognomonic, but in most cases they are diagnostic. We reviewedperipheral angiography of 36 cases of Buerger's disease who were suspected clinically during the period from Jan.1979 to Dec. 1984. The results were as follows: 1. The sex distribution of the cases were 34 males and 2females(17:1) and most common in 4th decade. Eight-six percents of the patients were smokers. 2. Chief complainson admission were ulceration, pain at rest, coldness, and discoloration. 3. The anterior tibial artery wasaffected most commonly (88%) and posterior tibial(76%), peroneal(68%), popliteal(22%), and femoral arteruy(15%) inorder. 4. The angiographic findings were 1) In all cases, there was abscence of arteriosclerotic lesions andshowed smooth vessel walls in non-affected arteries. 2) Direct corkscrew type collaterals were found in 2% of thelesions, and indirect type collaterals in 81%. The tree-root or spider's leg type collaterals were also found in74%. 3) Standing-wave patterns were found in 30% which affected above the popliteal artery. 4) Early venousdrainage was found in 16% of the lesions.
Angiography ; Arteries ; Humans ; Leg ; Male ; Popliteal Artery ; Sex Distribution ; Thromboangiitis Obliterans ; Tibial Arteries ; Ulcer

PURPOSE: To determin whether radiographic assessment of patella position abnormalities (such as patella altaor baja) using the 'patellar tendon : patella ratio' (Insall & Salvati's method) can be applied to flexion andextension sagittal MR images of the knee MATERIALS AND METHODS: Both flexion (55-90 degrees, mean 62 degrees) and extensionT2-weighted sagittal images of 58 knees (54 patients;age:19-72 years:M:F=40:18 were obtained and reviewed by meansof routine lateral radiographs (flexion of knees:30-60 degrees). Patellar tendon and diagonal length were measured onroutine radiographs and on flexion and extension MR images;length was measured by sagittal T2-weighted MR imagingfrom the inner aspect of patellar insertion to the inner asspect of tibial insertion, an approach whichdemonstrated the even thickness of the patellar tendon and the greastest diameter of the patella. Usingcorrelation analysis, the ratio of patellar tendon to diagonal length was compared between examination methods andbetween the non-wavy and wavy forms of patellar tendon. RESULTS: The mean length of the respectirely, 'patella,patellar tendon and patellar tendon to patella ratio' were 4.15+/-0.38, 4.04+/-0.49 and 0.9+/-0.12, respectively, onroutine radiographs; 4.32+/-0.36, 3.8+/-0.47 and 0.89+/- 0.12, respectively, on flexion MR images;and 4.3+/-0.36,3.93+/-0.44 and 0.92+/-0.12, respectively on extension MR images. Between these three different modes of assessment,a high degree of correlation of mean patella length (r=0.89-0.92) and of mean patellar tendon length (r=0.71=0.85)were found. In addition, correlation of 'patella to patellar tendon ratios' was excellent : radiographs andflexion MRimages(r=0.76);radiographs and extension MR images(r=0.76);flexion and extension MR images(r=0.84).According to the form of patellar tendon, radiographs correlated better with extension MR images (r-0.71) thanwith flexion images (r=0.62) in the non-wavy form of patellar tendon, whereas in the wavy form, correlation withflexion images (r=0.83) was better than with extension images(r=0.78). CONCLUSION: MR asessment of 'patellartendon to patella ratio's correlated well with radiographic assessment, and the latter can therefore be used forthe evaluation of abnormal patellar position. Radiographs correlated better with extension MR images in thenon-wavy form of patellar tendon, whereas in the wavy form, correlation with flexion images was better.
Knee ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Patella* ; Patellar Ligament* ; Tendons