PURPOSE: Prostatic tumor induced gene-1 (PTI-1) is a mutated human EF-la and putative prostatic carcinoma tumor-inducing oncogene, that is differently expressed in prostatic cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. And, it is more sensitive marker than prostate- specific antigen (PSA) for detecting human prostate cancer in the bloodstream. This study invastigated the expression of PTI-1 in paraffin embedded tissue of prostatic carcinoma, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and benign prostatic hyperplasia using in situ PCR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: we evaluated expression of PTI-1 in prostatic carcinoma with prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) of 32 cases, benign hyperplasia of 20 cases, high grade transitional cell carcinoma of 10 cases and colon cancer of 10 cases for control group. Also, the immunohistochemical staining for PSA was performed to comparison with clinical value of PSA. RESULTS: The serum level of PSA was closely related to stage and Gleason score (p < 0.05). However, the results of immunohistochemical stains were variable to stage and Gleason score. PTI-1 using in situ PCR expressed in 50% of prostatic carcinoma, 41% of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, 10% of benign hyperplasia and colon cancer (p < 0.05). No expression is observed in transitional cell carcinoma. In prostatic carcinoma, PTI-1 expressed in 43.8% (7/16) of stage II, 50.0% (5/10) of stage III, and 66.7% (4/6) of stage IV (p<0.05). In PIN, expression of PTI-1 was similar to prostatic carcinoma (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: PTI-1 represented a relatively sensitive marker for prostatic carcinoma and PIN, indicator of prostatic carcinoma progression.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Coloring Agents ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Neoplasm Grading ; Oncogenes* ; Paraffin ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia* ; Prostatic Neoplasms

No abstract available.
Agaricales* ; Morus*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones* ; Rats*

To investigate the human lung development and the distribution of elastic and reticular fibers during the fetal period proper, lung tissues taken from the periphery of the right lower lobes of Korean fetuses (n=49) of both sex were studied. The fetuses were the prodocts of spontaneous or therapeutic abortions and were found to have no associated lesions or anomalies at autopsy. The fetal age were estimated from crown-rump length or foot length. Paraffin sections, cut at 5-7 µm, were stained with routine hematoxylin and eosin for general structure, acid orcein and a1dehyde fuchsin for elastic fiber, and with Gomori's silver technique for reticular fiber, respectively. The lung development during fetal period proper, could be subdivided into three continuous periods according to the relation between airspaces, surrounding mesenchymal tissue, their structural changes and distribution, i.e., an early stage of the formation of conductive airways (pseudoglandular period, before 16th week of gestation), a middle stage of the development of lung parenchyma and new blood vessels (canalicular period, between 16th and 28th week of gestation), and a late stage of transition of respiratory portion to vascular organ (terminal sac stage, after 28th week of gestation). In places, secondary septa of sac or saccule formed by capillaries, capillary connective tissue, elastic and reticular fuel could be identified by the 33rd week of gestation. Elastic fibers could be noted in pleura, subepithelial areas of bronchioles and the wall of blood vessels in the late stage of pseudoglandular period. By the 28th week of gestation, elastic fibers were seen in the wall of small blood vessels or capillaries in the septal wall among the airspaces. And these fibers were observed in the tip of the secondary septa by the 33rd week of gestation but were not still completely developed in the walls of primary or secondary septa. Reticular fibers were already developed and widely distributed in fetal lung by the 10th week of gestation. These fibers were concentrated particular around the subepithelial area of bronchicoles, the airspaces and the blood vessel wall in the canalicular period. By the late stage of terminal sac period, reticular fibers formed a network along the small blood vessels in the septum of airspaces. These results indicate that primitive alveoli might be formed by the late stage of fetal period proper. The fibrous framework could partially formed by collagenous and reticular fibers during the pseudoglandular period, by addition of elastic fiber to the preformed network, and incompletely still finally by the three kinds of connective tissue fiber.
Abortion, Therapeutic ; Autopsy ; Blood Vessels ; Bronchioles ; Capillaries ; Collagen ; Connective Tissue ; Crown-Rump Length ; Elastic Tissue ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Female ; Fetus ; Foot ; Gestational Age ; Hematoxylin ; Humans ; Lung* ; Paraffin ; Pleura ; Pregnancy ; Reticulin* ; Rosaniline Dyes ; Saccule and Utricle ; Silver

BACKGROUND: DNA topoisomerase II-alpha is linked with active cell proliferation in mammalian cells. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the expression of DNA topoisomerase II-alpha as a proliferating marker, and the expression of Ki-67 and apoptosis in urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder based on World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology (WHO/ISUP) consensus classification. METHODS: 73 urothelial carcinomas of the urinary bladder after transurethral resection and 25 carcinomas after radical cystectomy were investigated for histologic grading based on WHO and WHO/ISUP consensus classification. Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue of 98 specimens from 73 patients were immunohistochemically stained for DNA topoisomerase II-alpha and Ki-67, and in situ TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling method for evaluation of apoptotic cells was performed. For each case, a DNA topoisomerase II-alpha, Ki-67, and apoptotic indices were determined. RESULTS: The histologic grades of 73 cases based on the WHO grading system were 21.9% (16 cases) in grade 1, 65.8% (48 cases) in grade 2, and 12.3% (9 cases). 5.5% (4 cases) of papillary neoplasm of low malignant potential, 47.9% (35 cases) of urothelial carcinoma of low grade, and 46.6% (34 cases) in urothelial carcinoma of high grade were reclassified using the WHO/ISUP consensus classification. Histologic grades based on two grading systems were correlated to invasion and stage (p<0.05). DNA topoisomerase II-alpha, Ki-67, and apoptotic indices were correlated to histologic grades based on two grading system and invasion. Also, the correlation of DNA topoisomerase II-alpha and Ki-67 indices, and DNA topoisomerase II-alpha and apoptotic indices were significant, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: DNA topoisomerase II-alpha appears to be an useful marker for assessing the proliferation potential of urothelial carcinoma of in the urinary bladder.
Apoptosis* ; Cell Proliferation ; Classification* ; Consensus* ; Cystectomy ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I* ; DNA* ; Formaldehyde ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen ; Paraffin ; Pathology* ; Urinary Bladder* ; World Health* ; World Health Organization

The authors analysed the CT findings in 75 cases diagnosed as gastric carcinoma by U.G. I.S. or endoscopy in a 3)1, year period. The comparative analysis betw~en CT findings and surgical pathologic findings was done in 55 cases who underwent surgery. 20 cases could not be operated upon because of distant metastasis. The gastric carcinoma was devided into 4′ stages according to the staging system of the American joint Committee on Cancer. The CT findings were then compared and the following results noted : 1. The relationship with gastric wall thickening and penetratioil degree of tumori no thickening (Iesser than 1.0 cm) of 3 cases showed all of T1, 11 of localized thickening (1. 0.1 .5cm) showed 7 of T2, 38 of localized thickening (more than 1.5 cm) showed 37 of T3 and 3 of diffuse thickening showed all of T4a. 2. The accuracy of Iymph node detection by CT scan, 1) Regionaf tymph node showed 86% in operative f in ding and 73% in pathologic. 2) Extragastric Iymph node showed 87% in operative finding and 89% in pathologic. 3) Retro-peritoneallymph node showed 96% in operative finding and 95% in pathologic. ic. 3. In operated cases, there was one case of false positive distant metastasis and three false negative cases. 20 cases of non-operated cases showed distant metastasis such as liver, lung or kidney. 4. 55 cases were classified as stage 1 in 4 cases, 11 in 18, 111 in 23 and IV in 10 by pathologic findings, and 1 in 3, 11 in 24, 111 in 19 and IV in 9 by CT. The overall accuracy by CT stagi ng is 75%. 5. Among a total of 75 cases, there were 46 operable cases by CT finding an d 43 operabl e cases by pathologic staging. There we re 29 inoperable cases by CT finding and 27 cases by pathologic staging. Therefore, there was a 93% overall accuracy by CT stagi ng in terms of determination of operability. 6. The accuracy of adhesion into adjacent structure by CT finding was 69%. compared with operable finding.
Endoscopy ; Joints ; Kidney ; Liver ; Lung ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a demyelinating disease of probable autoimmune etiology. The MR images of patients with clinically suspected ADEM were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical symptoms occurred 5 days to 1 month after viral upper respiratory infection (4) and Coxsakie viral infection(1). The symptoms had begun with fever(3), headache(3), sore throat(1), and drowsy mental state (1), which progressed with monophasic course to altered mental change(2), extremity weakness(2), seizure(1) and/or cerebellary symptom(I) MRI findings of ADEM showed patchy(4), nonhemorrhagic(5), asymmetric(5) high signal intensity lesions on T2-weighted images. The number of the lesions was mostly multiple(4). The lesions mainly involved the brain stem(3) and subcortical white matter(3). Follow-up MR images of 13 days to 20 days after high dose steroid therapy showed marked improvement in two of three, which well correlated with clinical manifestations. MR findin of multiple, patchy, nonhemorrhagic and asymmetric lesions in subcortical white matter and brain stem on T2-weighted images seem to be characteristic features of ADEM, but nonspecific. Therefore, clinical correlation is required in evaluating ADEM.
Brain ; Brain Stem ; Demyelinating Diseases ; Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated ; Extremities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Retrospective Studies ; White Matter

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that one or more intermittent reperfusion(s) during ischemia may be beneficial to the myocardium by washing out catabolites that have accumlated during ischemia. We evaluated the effect of four cycles of ichemia (2 minutes) and reperfusion (3 miutes), i.e., preconditioning on sustained ischemia (20 minutes) and reperfusion (60 minutes) using isolated Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts. METHODS: After a fifty-minutes recovery phase, LVP , dLVP/dt and ECG were simultaneously recorded and ultrastructure of the stunned(or risk) area of the left ventricle was examined with conventional methods. RESULTS: In the preconditioned hearts, functional parameters such as LVPP(peak pressure), LVPP recovery rate and LVEDP(end-diastolic pressure) reached to 99.6+/-4.38mmHg, 98.0+/-4.67% and 14.0+/-2.90mmHg (109.3+/-2.91mmHg, 109.4+/-1.29mmHg and 10.7+/-2.67mmHg for the controls), respectively, after 30 minutes from the onset of reperfusion and maintained as in the controls(p>0.01). In contrast, in the ischemia-reperfusion hearts, LVPP and LVPP recovery rate were significantly reduced(81.6+/-6.83mmHg and 85.7+/-5.30%;p<0.05) and LVEDP elevated(21.2+/-3.00mmHg) but dP/dtmax, heart rate and ECG patterns were not significantly different between the preconditioned and the ischemia-refusion hearts during reperfusion. Furthermore, irreversible myocardial injury was homogeneous(both subendo- and subepicardial) in the ischmia-reperfusion hearts but only focal(subendocardial) in preconditioned hearts. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that preconditioning induced by very short periods of ischemia and reperfusion may enhance recovery of the left ventricular function and delay ultrastructhral changes to a certain extent during reperfusion.
Electrocardiography ; Heart Rate ; Heart Ventricles ; Heart* ; Ischemia ; Myocardium ; Reperfusion ; Ventricular Function, Left

No abstract available.
Myocarditis* ; Stomach*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Hereditary* ; Siblings* ; Twins, Monozygotic*