PURPOSE: Prostatic tumor induced gene-1 (PTI-1) is a mutated human EF-la and putative prostatic carcinoma tumor-inducing oncogene, that is differently expressed in prostatic cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. And, it is more sensitive marker than prostate- specific antigen (PSA) for detecting human prostate cancer in the bloodstream. This study invastigated the expression of PTI-1 in paraffin embedded tissue of prostatic carcinoma, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and benign prostatic hyperplasia using in situ PCR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: we evaluated expression of PTI-1 in prostatic carcinoma with prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) of 32 cases, benign hyperplasia of 20 cases, high grade transitional cell carcinoma of 10 cases and colon cancer of 10 cases for control group. Also, the immunohistochemical staining for PSA was performed to comparison with clinical value of PSA. RESULTS: The serum level of PSA was closely related to stage and Gleason score (p < 0.05). However, the results of immunohistochemical stains were variable to stage and Gleason score. PTI-1 using in situ PCR expressed in 50% of prostatic carcinoma, 41% of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, 10% of benign hyperplasia and colon cancer (p < 0.05). No expression is observed in transitional cell carcinoma. In prostatic carcinoma, PTI-1 expressed in 43.8% (7/16) of stage II, 50.0% (5/10) of stage III, and 66.7% (4/6) of stage IV (p<0.05). In PIN, expression of PTI-1 was similar to prostatic carcinoma (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: PTI-1 represented a relatively sensitive marker for prostatic carcinoma and PIN, indicator of prostatic carcinoma progression.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Coloring Agents ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Neoplasm Grading ; Oncogenes* ; Paraffin ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia* ; Prostatic Neoplasms

No abstract available.
Agaricales* ; Morus*

To investigate the human lung development and the distribution of elastic and reticular fibers during the fetal period proper, lung tissues taken from the periphery of the right lower lobes of Korean fetuses (n=49) of both sex were studied. The fetuses were the prodocts of spontaneous or therapeutic abortions and were found to have no associated lesions or anomalies at autopsy. The fetal age were estimated from crown-rump length or foot length. Paraffin sections, cut at 5-7 µm, were stained with routine hematoxylin and eosin for general structure, acid orcein and a1dehyde fuchsin for elastic fiber, and with Gomori's silver technique for reticular fiber, respectively. The lung development during fetal period proper, could be subdivided into three continuous periods according to the relation between airspaces, surrounding mesenchymal tissue, their structural changes and distribution, i.e., an early stage of the formation of conductive airways (pseudoglandular period, before 16th week of gestation), a middle stage of the development of lung parenchyma and new blood vessels (canalicular period, between 16th and 28th week of gestation), and a late stage of transition of respiratory portion to vascular organ (terminal sac stage, after 28th week of gestation). In places, secondary septa of sac or saccule formed by capillaries, capillary connective tissue, elastic and reticular fuel could be identified by the 33rd week of gestation. Elastic fibers could be noted in pleura, subepithelial areas of bronchioles and the wall of blood vessels in the late stage of pseudoglandular period. By the 28th week of gestation, elastic fibers were seen in the wall of small blood vessels or capillaries in the septal wall among the airspaces. And these fibers were observed in the tip of the secondary septa by the 33rd week of gestation but were not still completely developed in the walls of primary or secondary septa. Reticular fibers were already developed and widely distributed in fetal lung by the 10th week of gestation. These fibers were concentrated particular around the subepithelial area of bronchicoles, the airspaces and the blood vessel wall in the canalicular period. By the late stage of terminal sac period, reticular fibers formed a network along the small blood vessels in the septum of airspaces. These results indicate that primitive alveoli might be formed by the late stage of fetal period proper. The fibrous framework could partially formed by collagenous and reticular fibers during the pseudoglandular period, by addition of elastic fiber to the preformed network, and incompletely still finally by the three kinds of connective tissue fiber.
Abortion, Therapeutic ; Autopsy ; Blood Vessels ; Bronchioles ; Capillaries ; Collagen ; Connective Tissue ; Crown-Rump Length ; Elastic Tissue ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Female ; Fetus ; Foot ; Gestational Age ; Hematoxylin ; Humans ; Lung* ; Paraffin ; Pleura ; Pregnancy ; Reticulin* ; Rosaniline Dyes ; Saccule and Utricle ; Silver

No abstract available.
Animals ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones* ; Rats*

BACKGROUND: DNA topoisomerase II-alpha is linked with active cell proliferation in mammalian cells. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the expression of DNA topoisomerase II-alpha as a proliferating marker, and the expression of Ki-67 and apoptosis in urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder based on World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology (WHO/ISUP) consensus classification. METHODS: 73 urothelial carcinomas of the urinary bladder after transurethral resection and 25 carcinomas after radical cystectomy were investigated for histologic grading based on WHO and WHO/ISUP consensus classification. Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue of 98 specimens from 73 patients were immunohistochemically stained for DNA topoisomerase II-alpha and Ki-67, and in situ TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling method for evaluation of apoptotic cells was performed. For each case, a DNA topoisomerase II-alpha, Ki-67, and apoptotic indices were determined. RESULTS: The histologic grades of 73 cases based on the WHO grading system were 21.9% (16 cases) in grade 1, 65.8% (48 cases) in grade 2, and 12.3% (9 cases). 5.5% (4 cases) of papillary neoplasm of low malignant potential, 47.9% (35 cases) of urothelial carcinoma of low grade, and 46.6% (34 cases) in urothelial carcinoma of high grade were reclassified using the WHO/ISUP consensus classification. Histologic grades based on two grading systems were correlated to invasion and stage (p<0.05). DNA topoisomerase II-alpha, Ki-67, and apoptotic indices were correlated to histologic grades based on two grading system and invasion. Also, the correlation of DNA topoisomerase II-alpha and Ki-67 indices, and DNA topoisomerase II-alpha and apoptotic indices were significant, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: DNA topoisomerase II-alpha appears to be an useful marker for assessing the proliferation potential of urothelial carcinoma of in the urinary bladder.
Apoptosis* ; Cell Proliferation ; Classification* ; Consensus* ; Cystectomy ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I* ; DNA* ; Formaldehyde ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen ; Paraffin ; Pathology* ; Urinary Bladder* ; World Health* ; World Health Organization

The authors analysed the CT findings in 75 cases diagnosed as gastric carcinoma by U.G. I.S. or endoscopy in a 3)1, year period. The comparative analysis betw~en CT findings and surgical pathologic findings was done in 55 cases who underwent surgery. 20 cases could not be operated upon because of distant metastasis. The gastric carcinoma was devided into 4′ stages according to the staging system of the American joint Committee on Cancer. The CT findings were then compared and the following results noted : 1. The relationship with gastric wall thickening and penetratioil degree of tumori no thickening (Iesser than 1.0 cm) of 3 cases showed all of T1, 11 of localized thickening (1. 0.1 .5cm) showed 7 of T2, 38 of localized thickening (more than 1.5 cm) showed 37 of T3 and 3 of diffuse thickening showed all of T4a. 2. The accuracy of Iymph node detection by CT scan, 1) Regionaf tymph node showed 86% in operative f in ding and 73% in pathologic. 2) Extragastric Iymph node showed 87% in operative finding and 89% in pathologic. 3) Retro-peritoneallymph node showed 96% in operative finding and 95% in pathologic. ic. 3. In operated cases, there was one case of false positive distant metastasis and three false negative cases. 20 cases of non-operated cases showed distant metastasis such as liver, lung or kidney. 4. 55 cases were classified as stage 1 in 4 cases, 11 in 18, 111 in 23 and IV in 10 by pathologic findings, and 1 in 3, 11 in 24, 111 in 19 and IV in 9 by CT. The overall accuracy by CT stagi ng is 75%. 5. Among a total of 75 cases, there were 46 operable cases by CT finding an d 43 operabl e cases by pathologic staging. There we re 29 inoperable cases by CT finding and 27 cases by pathologic staging. Therefore, there was a 93% overall accuracy by CT stagi ng in terms of determination of operability. 6. The accuracy of adhesion into adjacent structure by CT finding was 69%. compared with operable finding.
Endoscopy ; Joints ; Kidney ; Liver ; Lung ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Hereditary* ; Siblings* ; Twins, Monozygotic*

Clinical observations were made on 338 low birth weight infants, who were delivered at Pusan Wallace Memorial Baptist Hospital, during the 3 year periods from 1989 to 1991. The results were as follows; The incidence of LBWI was 5.6% and sex ratio was 1:1.09. Among them AGA was 62.7%. 2) Of all infants, 47.3% were in the birth weight range of 2251-2500 gm and 25.1% were in the gestational age group of 37-38 week. 3) LBWI were most prevalent among mothers under 20 years old and over 41 years old. 4) The Incidence of LBWI was higher in multiparity than primiparity and in multiple pregnancy than single pregnancy. 5) Vaginal delivery was 63.9% and c-section delivery was 36.1%. 6) The order or frequency of the etiology of LBWI was multiple pregnancy, premature rupture of membrane and toxemia. 7) The mortality rate of LBWI was 12.7% and mortality rate by weight-gestational age was lower in AGA group than SGA and LGA group. 8) A Higher mortality rate was noted in the group of lower birth weight infant, and in the group of more shortened gestational age. 9) 48.8% of death occured within ist day of birth. The common causes of death were respiratory distress syndrome, asphyxia, and apnea.
Adult ; Apnea ; Asphyxia ; Birth Weight ; Busan ; Cause of Death ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Infant, Low Birth Weight* ; Infant, Newborn ; Membranes ; Mortality ; Mothers ; Parity ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Multiple ; Protestantism ; Rupture ; Sex Ratio ; Toxemia ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Myocarditis* ; Stomach*

A total of 23 human fetal hearts from 18 to 40 weeks of gestation were provided for histologic and morphometric studies. The fetuses were the products of spontaneous or artificial abortions and were found to have no congential anomalies or associated lesions at autopsy. Maxima thickness of the left anterior, left lateral, left posterior, right anterior, right lateral, right posterior ventricular wall, and of the interventricular septal wall were measured and the left / right wall thickness ratio was calculated. The cross-sectional area of each ventricle parallel to the base of the heart at about 3-5mm below from the origin of the aorta was measured under drawing attachment-equipped light microscope with the application of point counting or cut-and-weigh method. Data were analyzed by the Anderson-ell ABSTAT dBASE ll statistical package program. The ventricular wall consisted of endocardium, myocardium and epicardium. The myocardium showed epithelial character by stratification of barrel-shaped myocardial cells, but the epithelial character progressively changed to as in adult myocardial tissue from the myocardial area close to the epicardium with increasing fetal age. However, any significant histologic difference between the left and the right ventricular wall at the same fetal age was not found. The growth pattern of both ventricular wall, the interventricular septal wall, and of the cross sectional area were linear (p<0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the wall thickness between the left and right ventricle at the same fetal age, and the left / right thickness ratio was nearly constant with increasing fetal age. The cross sectional area was greater in the right than in the left ventricle in the fetuses after 18 weeks of gestation (p<0.01), and there was no significant difference in the morphometric values between point counting and cut-and-weigh method (p>0.1).
Adult ; Aorta ; Autopsy ; Endocardium ; Fetal Heart* ; Fetus ; Gestational Age ; Heart ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans* ; Methods ; Myocardium ; Pericardium ; Pregnancy