No abstract available.
Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Head*

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to identify predictive factors for preventive behaviors of falls in elderly inpatients. METHODS: Data on 200 elderly inpatients at one university hospital were collected. Descriptive analysis, independent t-test, analysis of variance, and stepwise multiple regression analysis were done to analyze the data. RESULTS: The high risk group, scoring higher than 5.0 in the degree of self-awareness of fall risk, scored low in knowledge about falls while subjects with activity limitations and not using hearing aids scored significantly high in the same area. Subjects with no training regarding falls and the high risk group scored low in fall efficacy while subjects with activity limitations and using hearing aids scored significantly high in the same area. The degree of self-awareness of fall risk, knowledge about falls, and fall efficacy were significant factors affecting fall prevention activities. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that self-awareness of the risk of falls, knowledge about falls, and fall efficacy are significant factors in preventing falls. These factors should be considered when developing nursing assessment tools and intervention programs for elderly inpatients.
Accidental Falls ; Aged ; Hearing Aids ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Nursing Assessment

Aneurysm of the splenic artery are the third most common intra-abdominal aneurysm, following aneurysms of the infrarenal aorta and iliac arteries. Splenic artery aneurysms (SAA) are the most frequent visceral artery aneurysms and account for more than two thirds of all lesions. Incidence of SAA are rare clinical entities(0.01-0.2%) that carry risk of rupture and fatal hemorrhage(35-100%). Fibroblastic dysplasia and atherosclerosis is fecund in the majority, and the fact that these aneurysms developes more commonly in female. Most patients are asymptomatic and the diagnosis is generally made incidentally. The treatment of patient with known SAA is dictated by several factors, including location, age, sex, present of symptom, size, pregnancy. We report ruptured splenic artery aneurysm with hemoperitoneum and review of the literature.
Aneurysm* ; Aorta ; Arteries ; Atherosclerosis ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; Hemoperitoneum ; Humans ; Iliac Artery ; Incidence ; Pregnancy ; Rupture ; Splenic Artery*

BACKGROUND: Dizziness is a common complaint in patients presenting at emergency departments. Dizziness is difficult to assess because it is a subjective complaint that cannot be measured. We report a clinical analysis of patients with acute dizziness: type, duration, symptom, incidence, etc. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical details and the results of vestibular function tests for 106 acutely dizzy patients who visited the Emergency Department of Wonkwang University Hospital during the period of Jul. 1999 through Dec. 1999. RESULTS: The most common etiology of acute dizziness was the peripheral vestibular system(66%). The most common disease of the peripheral vestibular system was benign paroxysmal positional vertigo(52.9%), and the second most one was vestibular neuronitis(42.9%). In the central nervous system, cerebrovascular accident(63.6%) was the most common cause. All of the patients had experienced a previous vertigo attack, and 42.4% of them had frequent attacks. Dizziness of the cochlear systems were usual in peripheral vertigo. The usual underlying diseases related with vertigo were hypertension, cerebral infarction and diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSION: Dizziness is a complex and frustrating symptom with numerous possible causes. In case with suspected central disorders, CT and MRI have a great diagnostic significance.
Central Nervous System ; Cerebral Infarction ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Dizziness* ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Vertigo ; Vestibular Function Tests

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine relationships between critical thinking disposition and multiple intelligences. METHOD: Participants were nursing students (N=186) who completed a questionnaire assessing critical thinking disposition and multiple intelligences. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance with post hoc comparison, and Pearson correlation coefficients. RESULTS: For type of multiple intelligences, 32.9% of students had the strongest fit for "interpersonal intelligence" type and 20.1% for "intrapersonal intelligence" type. Mean score for critical thinking disposition was 3.42+/-0.37. Factors related to critical thinking disposition were participation in club activities (F=5.962, p=.001) with a representative role in the club (t=2.140, p=.034). There were significant differences in interpersonal intelligence scores by personality traits (t=2.445, p=.015), participation in club activities (F=10.003, p<.001), and friendship (t=2.539, p=.012); and significant differences in intrapersonal intelligence scores by participation in club activities (F=3.862, p=.010), having a representative role in the club (t=2.101, p=.037), and friendship (t=2.220, p=.029). CONCLUSION: Results indicate that critical thinking disposition is significantly associated with multiple intelligences and suggest that multiple intelligences should be considered to enhance critical thinking disposition when tailored teaching is adopted in nursing education.
Education, Nursing ; Friends ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Students, Nursing* ; Thinking*

The medical curriculum is designed to provide a core of scientific knowledge and technical skills that ultimately enables a student to care for primary patients. In addition to specific knowledge, the school offers an environment in which students have the opportunity to acquire the habits of study, the sound attitud, and the sense of responsibility for patients that characterize the true physician. To achive these purposes, the clerkship of medical student is very important. We investigated current problems in clinical clerkship of Chonnam University Medical School, and the problems were as follow: (1) relatively short period of clinical training especially in main subjects, (2) lack of presonnels in charge of clinical training, (3) lack of objective test, (4) lack of clinical training in primary care hospital, (5) lack of opportunity of self learning. The methods to improve clinical training were to promote interests in clinical education of staffs, to prolong the duration of clinical clerkship, to select and educate the personnel in charge of clinical education, to do the objective tests, to do the elective tests, to do the elective course, to use of integrated course and problem oriented education, and to let the student care the patients under supervision.
Clinical Clerkship ; Curriculum ; Education ; Education, Medical ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Learning ; Linear Energy Transfer ; Organization and Administration ; Primary Health Care ; Schools, Medical ; Students, Medical*

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, immune/antigen-mediated esophageal disease characterized by symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and eosinophil-predominant inflammation. The diagnostic criteria for EoE have changed with our growing knowledge over the past two decades. Esophageal eosinophilia, which responds histologically to a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) is not a distinct disease but a subset of EoE. An endoscopic scoring system that relies on the assessment of exudates, rings, edema, furrows, and strictures is a useful tool for assessing endoscopic severity. PPIs are regarded as safe and effective first-line treatments for EoE. Oral topical corticosteroids or dietary therapy are also options for first-line treatment. Endoscopic dilation is effective for relieving the dysphagia symptoms of a patient with an esophageal stricture.

PURPOSE: The present study was designed to understand the conceptual definition and attributes of the clinical critical thinking ability(CCTA) in nursing and to grasp the characteristics of clinical critical thinking abilities. METHODS: The data were analyzed using the Hybrid model of Schwartz-Barcott and Kim(2000). RESULTS: Having the skills and dispositions to think critically, CCTA refers to something that implies the cognizant ability to interpret contextual meanings, analyze the relationships between materials or circumstances, draw out the best conclusions, predict things using relevant information and evaluate the reliability of information and the strength of inference on the one hand and the emphatic disposition to be curious, open-minded, intellectually integral, systematic and creative and to reflect on things in contextual terms on the other. CONCLUSION: CCTA is characterized by clinical circumstances, such as guessing the reasons for facts, predicting things, connecting theory to practice and approaching individual situation in total terms as well as by the Korean circumstances, such as taking another person's perspective. Hence, this study proposes developing the tools to measure the clinical critical thinking ability and the strategies to improve the clinical critical thinking ability and seeking to verify their validity, on the basis of the findings.
Chimera ; Clinical Competence ; Concept Formation ; Hand ; Hand Strength ; Problem Solving ; Thinking

No abstract available.
Ectromelia*

BACKGROUND: Fluid overload prior to continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is an important prognostic factor. Thus, precise evaluation of fluid status is necessary to treat such patients. In this study, we investigated whether fluid assessment using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) can predict outcomes in critically ill patients requiring CRRT. METHODS: A prospective observational study was performed in patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit and who required CRRT. BIA was conducted before CRRT; then, the ratio of extracellular water to total body water (ECW/TBW) was derived to estimate volume status. RESULTS: A total of 31 patients treated with CRRT were included. There were 18 men (58.1%), and the median age was 67 years (interquartile range, 51 to 78 years). Fourteen patients (45.2%) died within 28 days after CRRT initiation. Patients were divided into 16 with ECW/TBW ≥0.41 and 15 with ECW/TBW <0.41. Survival rate within 28 days was different between the two groups (P = 0.044). Cox regression analysis revealed a relationship between ECW/TBW ≥0.41 and 28-day mortality, but it was not statistically significant (hazard ratio, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.9 to 9.8; P = 0.061). Lastly, the area under the curve of ECW/TBW for 28-day mortality was analyzed. The area under the curve of ECW/TBW was 0.73 (95% confidence interval, 0.54 to 0.92), and this was significant (P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: Fluid status can be assessed using BIA in critically ill patients requiring CRRT, and BIA can predict mortality. Further large trials are needed to confirm the usefulness of BIA in critically ill patients.
Body Water ; Critical Illness* ; Electric Impedance* ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Male ; Mortality ; Observational Study* ; Prospective Studies* ; Renal Replacement Therapy* ; Survival Rate ; Water