To search biologic characteristics of gastric carcinoma, one of the most common cancer in Korea, the author examined the alterations in DNA level and the expression of Ha-ras gene and c-myc gene in 20 primary tumors. Amplification of c-Ha-ras DNA was detected in 4(40%) of 10 patients who showed histologic subtype of relatively differentiated adenocarcinoma, but rearrangement of c-Ha-ras DNA was absent. Neither augumentation nor deletion of the c-myc DNA was observed. Higher expression of the ras p21 in tumor cells was noted in more differentiated tumor cells rather than poorly differentiated cases. One mucinous carcinoma, two signet ring cell carcinomas and one papillary carcinoma did not disclose expression of p21. The expressions of c-myc oncogene product were variable and were not correspond to the expressions of ras p21. A tendency that poorly differentiated tumor cells had higher expression of c-myc oncogene was suggested.

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma is the generic group given to a family of tumors composed of neoplastic lymphocytes with phenotypic features of peripheral T-cells. Certain peripheral T-cell lymphomas develop a hemophagocytic syndrome that mimics malignant histiocytosis, both clinically and pathologically. We experienced a case of nasal T-cell lymphoma, histologically mimicking malignant histiocytosis in a 40-year-old male. The chief complaints were nasal obstruction and intermittent mild fever. Mild anemia, elevated SGOT and SGPT, polyclonal gammophthy, and moderate hepatomegaly were present. Two weeks later was present an enlarged cervical lymph node. The biopsied nasal mass showed angiocentric and angiodestructive peripheral T-cell lymphoma withextensive necrosis and marked erythrophagocytosis by non-neoplastic histiocytes. Subsequently, cervical lymph node was biopsied, which showed peripheral T-cell ltmphoma with extensive necrosis and erythrophagocytosis as well. The atypical lymphoid cells revealed pan-T(+), but CD4(-) and CD8(-), whereas the reactive histiocytes showed lysozyme(+), immunohistochemistry.

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare type of benign histiocytosis characterized histologically by intracellular engulfment of lymphocytes. Extranodal RDD may occur as a part of generalized process involving lymph nodes or may involve extranodal sites independent of the lymph node status. We have experienced a case of extranodal Rosai-Dorfman disease of the nose as an initial lesion prior to nodal involvement. The patient was a 20-year-old woman who complained of nasal obstruction for 4 years, remotely, and left submandibular mass for 3 months, recently. Histologically, the lesion taken from nasal cavity, submandibular gland and left upper jugular lymph node all showed an heavy infiltrate consisted of plasma cells, lymphocytes and sheets of macrophages with abundant pale cytoplasm, which replaced organ architecture. The associated focal fibrosis made it difficult to differentiate from inflammatory pseudotumor. Some macrophages demonstrated phagocytosis of lymphocytes, plasma cells and occasionally neutrophils. The macrophages were strongly positive for S-100 protein.
Cytoplasm ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Granuloma, Plasma Cell ; Histiocytosis ; Histiocytosis, Sinus* ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophages ; Nasal Cavity ; Nasal Obstruction ; Neutrophils ; Nose* ; Phagocytosis ; Plasma Cells ; S100 Proteins ; Salivary Glands* ; Submandibular Gland ; Young Adult

An immunohistochemical stain for p53 tumor suppressor gene product was performed in 59 primary lung cancers to study the relation between its expression and type of the tumor, degree of tumor differentiation,clinical stage and smoking. The results were as follows: 1. The expression of mutant p53 protein was noted in 28 of 59 cases(47.5%) of primary lung cancers. The p53 protein was expressed in 21 of 35(60%) squamous cell carcinomas, in 6 of 21(28.6%) adenocarcinomas, and 1 of 1(100%) small cell carcinoma. There was a significant difference in expression of p53 among the different histologic types of lung cancer(p<0.05). 2. The incidence of p53 protein expression did not correlate with the degree of tumor cell differentiation or the clinical stage of lung carcinoma(p>0.05). 3. The incidence of p53 protein expression was higher in smokers(current: 75%, former: 46.2%) than in non-smokers(5.6%) and was increased in direct proportion to the pack years. There was a statistically significant correlation between p53 expression and smoking(p<0.05). The mutation of p53 gene may often be an early event in the development of lung cancer and it is suggested that the smoking known as a risk factor for the development of the lung cancer may be associated with the transformation of p53 tumor suppressor gene into mutant p53 gene or oncogene.
Incidence ; Risk Factors ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Lung Neoplasms

Hamartoma of the bladder is quite a rare entity which is composed of a disorderly admixture of mature cellular elements normally present in the urinary bladder. There is a great controversy regarding the pathogenesis of this lesion. Whether it is a true hamartomatous lesion or metaplastic lesion developed secondary to the inflammatory process. Similar or identical lesions has often been given by other names such as florid examples of cystitis glandularis. We prefer to cell florid examples of cystitis glandularis rather than hamartoma when it was occurred in an old age higher then 50th decade. Here we report a case of hamartoma of the urinary bladder in 44 years old man. Cystoscopic examination revealed a papillary polypoid mass which was attached to the fundus of bladder by long stalk. The mass measured 1.5 cm in greatest diameter. It was composed of epithelial nests resembling von Brunn's nest, cystitis glandularis or cystitis cystica dispersed in a stroma rich in smooth muscle and fibrous tissue.
Hamartoma

BACKGROUND: The polymerase chain reaction(PCR) assay is rapid, sensitive analytical technique but has problem of high false-positive rate. We applied dUTP-UDG PCR (dU-PCR) method to prevent carryover contamination major source of high false positive in PCR assays, for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. METHODS: The PCRs for detection of M. tuberculosis were performed with P1 and P2 primers based on IS6110 repeated sequence. FTC-2000 was used for capillary PCR and Uno-Thermoblock was used for heating block PCR. In order to evaluate the effect of dU-PCR controlling carryover contamination, PCRs were performed in the presence of UDG and the absence of UDG. To compare the sensitivity of usual dT-PCR with dU-PCR, chromosomal DNA of M. tuberculosis ranging 500pg to 0.5fg were amplified by dT-PCR and dU-PCR method using two different thermocycler, capillary and heating block type, respectively. RESULT: The dU-PCR using UDG prevented carryover contamination by amplicon DNA up to 500pg. By capillay PCR method, the lower limits of detectability of dT-PCR and dU-PCR were 0.5fg and 500fg, respectively, which indicates the sensitivity of dU-PCR was lower than dT-PCR. But by heating block method, the lower limits of detectability of both method of dU and dT-PCR were 0.5fg. So the sensitivity of dU-PCR was same as dT-PCR. CONCLUSION: The dU-PCR by heating-block method was sensitive test for detection of M. tuberculosis that effectively prevent carryover contamination by amplicon.
Capillaries ; DNA ; Heating ; Hot Temperature ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Tuberculosis

No abstract available.
Animals ; Blood Platelets* ; Butylated Hydroxytoluene* ; Rats* ; Streptococcus* ; Thrombin*

The morphologic abnormalities of the endocrine pancreas that underlie persistent neonatal hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia and are included under the heading "nesidioblastosis" appears to be heterogeneous. This characteristic morphologic finding is ductuloinsular complexes showing endocrine cells budding off the ductoepithelium and merging with adjacent endocrine cell clusters. A case of nesidioblastosis associated with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia occurred in a 6/365 year-old male neonate. Microscopic finding of near totally resected pancreas revealed irregular sized islets and ductuloinsular complexes, both of which contained hypertrophied B cells with a few mitosis. Because of persistent hypoglycemia after first operation, he received second operation 8 days after. This histologic finding was more severe comparative to that of first operation. According to these findings, the pathogenesis of nesidioblastosis may be congenital or developmental defect of a kind of compensatory mechanism by unknown stimuli to acquire persistent hypoglycemia.
Male ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans

The clinical triad of relapsing iritis, ulcers of the mouth and genitalia was first described in 1937 by Halusi Behcet. This entity, originally confined to the above triad of symptoms, appears to be a systemic disease manifested by skin lesions, thrombophlebitis, neurologic or visceral syptoms. The exact etiology of this syndrome has not been established. However, in recent years, many investigators suggested that the autoimmune mechanism could be the cause of this disease, and imrnunotherapeutic agents have been shown to have beneficial effects in controlling recurrent episodes of major manifestations. (countiuned..)
Behcet Syndrome* ; Genitalia ; Humans ; Iritis ; Mouth ; Research Personnel ; Skin ; Thrombophlebitis ; Ulcer

During tumor progression, a subset of cells acquires metastatic properties, presumably through a series of genetic alterations. As the result, cells detach from the primary tumor, penetrate the basement membrane and invade the adjacent structures including lymph and blood vessels. Loss of adhesive functions and gain of new adhesive functions are thought to play a crucial role in this metastatic cascade. Since tumor metastasis is the principle cause of death for cancer patients including colon cancer, there is a consensus that a search for tools that allow effective assessment of the metastatic potential of tumors is a prime goal for cancer research. An immunohistochemical study of cell adhesion molecules, CD44H and its variant CD44v6, was done to evaluate their relationship with known prognostic factors related to the progression and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma in 94 cases of colorectal carcinoma tissues. The results were as follows. The CD44H expression was detected in 90 (95.7%) and CD44v6 in 53 (56.4%) out of 94 cases of colorectal carcinoma, and the CD44H was overexpressed in tumor tissue more than in normal mucosa in 62% of the cases. The expression rates of both protein were not significantly correlated with age and sex of the patients, invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, tumor differentiation, and tumor site. The coexpression of CD44H and CD44v6 in tumor was significant (p<0.05). The above results suggest that overexpression of CD44H and loss of function to control the alternative splicing of CD44 mRNA resulting in CD44v6 expression and alteration of adhesive function are closely associated with tumorigenesis of the colorectum.
Adhesives ; Alternative Splicing ; Basement Membrane ; Blood Vessels ; Carcinogenesis ; Cause of Death ; Cell Adhesion Molecules* ; Cell Adhesion* ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Consensus ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Mucous Membrane ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; RNA, Messenger