Within the medial preoptic area[MPOA], several cytoarchitectonically defined cell groups are sexually dimorphic in their morphology. Specially, the sexual dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area[SDN-POA] is reported an example of a morphological sex difference in the rat hypothalamus which is influenced by gonadal steroid hormones. Thus, we detemined the distribution of Galanin-immunoreactive[Gal-I] cells and fibers within MPOA and their morphological response to gonadal steroids which is influenced by gonadectomy or prenatal restosterone treatments were observed. The Gal-I cells were appeared within the medial preoptic area. In the males, the volume and number of Gal-I nerve cell bodies were greater than that of females. But the female which treated prenatal testosterone injection had many Gal-I neurons than infact female. And the males that decreased the volume of gonadal hormone by gonadectomy were decreased the volume and number of Gal-I neurons than that of normal males. These results suggest that galaninergic cells within the medial preoptic area are influenced by gonadal steroid hormone[testosterone] in the regulation of sexually dimorphic function.
Animals ; Female ; Galanin* ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; Gonads ; Humans ; Hypothalamus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Neurons ; Preoptic Area* ; Rats* ; Sex Characteristics ; Steroids ; Testosterone*

IVRO is a popular procedure to setback prognathic mandible. But guided functional physiotherapy after IVRO is the most important factor to get successful result, because there have been some concerns over an openbite tendency following this procedure. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the early adaptability to fuctional phsiotherapy and early openbite tendency associated with the kinds of surgery performed. The study was performed in fifty patients who had received bilateral IVRO from 1993 to 1994. After two weeks of maxillomandibular fixation(MMF), active physiotherapy was carried out according to Park's protocol and detail of openbite tendency was checked. We recorded the number of days for physiotherapy to analzye the adaptability in early physiotherapy until there was no more openbite tendency. The following results were obtained. 1. The adaptability in early physiotherapy to prevent openbite tendency following IVRO was more favorable in two-jaw surgery group than one-jaw surgery group.(p<0.005) 2. The adaptability in early physiotherapy was more favorable in lesser mandibular setback group than larger setback group, but there was no statistical significance. (p<0.05). 3. The adaptability in early physiotherapy was more favorable in posterior impaction group than non-posterior impaction group, but there was no statistical significance.(p<0.05). 4. The cases which MMF was applied again because of the strong openbite tendency were more plentiful in one-jaw surgery group than in two-jaw surgery group. 5. First two or three days after releasing of maxillomandibular fixation might be the critical period to prevent anterior openbite tendency, and if the partient shows strong openbite tendency during this period, 4-5 days of reapplication of MMF was enough to prevent openbite tendency .
Critical Period (Psychology) ; Humans ; Jaw Fixation Techniques ; Mandible ; Open Bite* ; Prognathism*

No abstract available.
Orthognathic Surgery*

No abstract available.

The ankle is a complex structure supporting the entire musculoskeletal system during standing and walking. The injuries to the ankle joint result in a severe functional disturbance because of complex anatomical characteristics around the ankle joint. 69 patients(72 cases) of the ankle fracture that were treated in Orthopedic Dept. Chonbuk National University Hospital from Jan. 1979 to Dec. 1983 were analized in clinical and radiological aspects. The following results were obtained: 1. Among the 69 patients, male was 54 and female 15 with ratio of 3.5: 1.The average age was 32. 2. Main cause of fracture was traffic accident(58%). 3. The musculoskeletal system was injured most frequently associated with the ankle fracture(66%). 4. According to the ankle fracture classification, the most common type was Pronation-external rotation type in Lauge-Hansen classification, and the type C in Weber classification. 5.The average duration of cast immobilization was 8.8 weeks in closed reduction and 7.4 weeks in open reduction. 6. The lateral malleolar fracture involving the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis was very important in ankle stability so accurate anatomical reduction by internal fixation was necessary for satisfactory functional results. 7. In clinical and radiological analysis, the better results were obtained from open reduction.
Ankle Fractures ; Ankle Joint ; Ankle ; Classification ; Clinical Study ; Female ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Jeollabuk-do ; Male ; Musculoskeletal System ; Orthopedics ; Walking

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: Acute abdominal pain is one of the most common problems in the family practice but the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain is difficult in first encounter. When family physicians are encountered with patients with acute abdominal pain in the ambulatory care settings, t,hey have to make a decision for management of acute abdominal pain such as admission, referral, discharge or follow-up without any definite diagnosis. If it is possible to predict the course or prognosis of acute abdominal pain by using certain data about patients, it will be helpful to make a decision for the management of acute abdominal pain. So we tested the hypothesis that acute abdominal pain with intermittent pain nature and normal simple abdomen X-ray finding is not serious and shows favorable outcome. METHODS: 126 patients with acute abdorninal pain were enrolled from Feb. to Aug. in 1995 at the emergency department of Kyungju hospital, Dongkuk University. 116 patients showed normal simple abdomen X ray finding and among them 94 patients were discharged and 21 patients were admitted. 92 patients were contacted in 1 week by phone call and they reported the outcome of their acute abdominal pain. RESULTS: Among 92 study populations, 44 patients were male and 48 patients were female. 72 patients complained intermittent abdominal pain and 21 patients complained continous abdominal pain. Frequencies of tentative diagnosis at emergency department were 45 acute gastroenteritis, 26 unknown, 14 functional gastointestinal disorders, 4 acute gastritis, 2 pelvic inflammatory diseases, and 1 ureter stone. Outcomes of patients with intermittent abdominal pain were more favorable than those with continous abdominal pain. CONCLUSIONS: If the patients with acute abdominal pain have intermittent pain nature and normal simple abdomen x ray finding, they will show favorable outcome and can be managed at ambulatory care settings.
Abdomen ; Abdominal Pain ; Ambulatory Care ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Family Practice ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastritis ; Gastroenteritis ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Male ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ; Physicians, Family ; Prognosis ; Referral and Consultation ; Ureter

No abstract available.
Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms* ; Trachea*

No abstract available.
Facial Asymmetry* ; Prognathism*

BACKGROUNDS: The pathophysiology of chronic airflow obstruction, such as bronchial asthma, is characterized by mucus hypersecretion, goblet cell hyperplasia(GCH), smooth muscle hypertrophy, cells infiltration. In fatal asthma patients, one findings is mucus hypersecretion due to GCH. However, the mechanisms of GCH in these hypersecretory diseases remain still unknown. In this study, a rat model was rapidly induced with GCH by instillation of TiO2 intratracheally. We intend to confirm GCH and association of concomitant inflammatory cells infiltration and to observe the effect of potent antiinflammatory agent, that is dexamethasone, on GCH with inflammatroy cells. METHODS: Twenty-one-8-weeks-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups. Endotoxin-free water was instilled intratracheally in group 1(control) ; TiO2 was instilled in the group 2 ; and dexamethasone was injected intraperitoneally to group 3 before TiO2 instillation. After 120 hours, all rats were sacrificed, and trachea, bronchi, and lungs were resected respectively. These tissues were made as paraffin blocks and stained as PAS for goblet cells and Luna stain for eosinophils. We calculated the ratio of goblet cell to respiratory epithelium and number of infiltrated eosinophils from each tissue. RESULTS: (1) Fraction of goblet cells was significantly increased in group 2 than in group 1 in the trachea and in the main bronchus. (10.19±11.33% vs 4.09±8.28%, p<0.01 and 34.09±23.91% vs 3.61±4.84%, p<0.01, respectively). (2) Eosinophils were significantly increased in the airway of group 2 than that of group 1. (5.43±3.84% vs 0.17±0.47 in trachea and 47.71±16.91 vs 2.71±1.96 in main bronchi). (3) There was significant difference in the decrease of goblet cells and eosinophils(r=0.719, p=0.001). (4) There was significant difference in the decrease of goblet cells after dexamethasone infection between group 2 and group 3 (p<0.01). Also, infiltration of eosinophils was suppressed by dexamethasone. CONCLUSION: We made an animal model of TiO2-induced goblet cell hyperplasia. GCH was observed mainly in the main bronchi with concomitant eosinophilic infiltration. Both goblet cell hyperplasia and eosinophilic infiltration were suppressed by dexamethasone. This animal model may serve as a useful tool in understanding of the mechanism of GCH in chronic airway diseases.
Animals ; Asthma ; Bronchi ; Dexamethasone* ; Eosinophils ; Goblet Cells* ; Humans ; Hyperplasia* ; Hypertrophy ; Inflammation* ; Lung ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Mucus ; Muscle, Smooth ; Paraffin ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley* ; Respiratory Mucosa ; Trachea ; Water